Izindlela zokuzivikela zokuvikela ulwazi: umqondo, izici, izikhundla eziyinhloko

Izichazamazwi ezichazayo zisisondeza komunye nomunye izincazelo ze-semantic zegama elithi "cryptography", ihluke kuphela ezinhlokweni zesicelo sayo. I-Cryptography yisayensi yezindlela zokuvikela ulwazi ngezindlela ezehlukene uma kudingeka ukuvimbela amandla okuzijwayeza futhi uyisebenzise.

Izindlela zokuzivikela zokuvikelwa kolwazi ukuguqulwa kolwazi lokudlulisela phambili kumuntu ogunyaziwe. Isimiso salezi zindlela kanje. Umlayezo womphakathi oyinhloko ubhalwe ngekhodi, uthatha ifomu lemibuzo evaliwe noma umfanekiso wesithombe, obizwa nge-ciphertext. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlayezo we-cipher udluliselwa phezu kwesiteshi sokudlulisa idatha esiphephile noma esingavimbelwe endaweni yokuthola. Umsebenzisi ogunyaziwe wenza inguqu eguqukayo noma ukuchithwa komyalezo owamukelwe futhi uthola umbhalo wokuqala ocacile. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ongagunyaziwe oye wamukelwa i-encryptiongram ngeke akwazi ukuyifunda ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuvikela ulwazi olusetshenzisiwe zokusebenzisa ulwazi olusetshenziselwa ukubethela.

Ngo-cryptography, umqondo wesihluthulelo uvame ukusetshenziselwa, okuvumela ukufana phakathi kolwazi olubhalwe ngekhodi kanye nesistimu yekhodi. Izindlela zokulondoloza ulwazi lokusetshenziswa kolwazi lokubhala nokubethela ukulandelana okuyingqayizivele, okubizwa ngokuthi isihluthulelo. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa i-algorithm efanayo ye-cryptographic cryptographic, umphumela uxhomeke kukhiye.

Izihluthulelo ngokuhlelwa kwazo zihlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• I-Symmetric, okungukuthi, umthumeli kanye nomamukeli basebenzisa ukhiye ofanayo ekwenzeni ukubethela nokubethelwa kwemfihlo, okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuyimfihlo komyalezo obhaliwe, kodwa kubangela izinkinga ngokusebenza kwamakhi kuzinhlelo ezihlukahlukene lapho kunenani elikhulu labasebenzisi;
• I-asymmetric, eqinisweni, kubhekwa njengombhangqwana oyinhloko lapho kunikezwa khona izinkampani zangasese (eziyimfihlo) nezomphakathi.

Isimiso sekhadi elibalulekile kanje: ukhiye wangasese usetshenziselwa ukhiqiza ukhiye womphakathi, kodwa awukwazi ukukhiqizwa emuva ngesikhiye somphakathi esaziwayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa kokuqinisekisa uma udlulisa ulwazi olusayinwe ngesignesha ye-digital (EDS).

Kusho ukuvikelwa kwe-cryptographic kolwazi usebenzisa izihluthulelo ezingapheliyo zisebenza ngokubethela ulwazi oludlulisiwe, hhayi ulwazi olugcinwe. Ukhiye womphakathi kuhle ukufaka isignesha yedijithali evamile, esetshenziselwa kakhulu izinhlelo zokukhokha kwe-Intanethi.

Izindlela zokuvikelwa kolwazi olubukhali kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Yiba ne-cipher enamandla engakwazi ukumelana ne-cryptanalysis futhi inikeze indlela yokuyivula kuphela ngokuskena ngokugcwele kwezihluthulelo. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthola ukhiye ancike ebude bawo.
2. Qinisekisa ukuzinza kwesistimu ye-cryptographic ngokugcina ngokufihlekile izinkinobho eziyimfihlo, hhayi izilungiswa ezizisebenzisayo.
3. Yenza inani lemininingwane ekhonjiwe engadluli owokuqala.
4. Khipha ukuphazamiseka nokulahlekelwa kolwazi ngenxa yamaphutha akhona ngesikhathi sokubethela.
5. Qinisekisa isikhathi esincane sokubhala ikhodi.
6. Ukuze kube nokuvumelana phakathi kwezindleko zokubethela kanye nezindleko zolwazi lomthombo.

Izindlela zokuzivikela zokuzivikela ezibonakalayo zibhekene nokuphikiswa, okuyiyona inkomba enkulu yokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kusebenza kuhlanganisa isikhathi noma izindleko zemali edingekayo yi-decryptor ukuthola umyalezo wangempela kusuka ekhompyutheni engenakhiye. Kunikezelwe ukuthi akukho amaphuzu obuthakathaka emibhalweni ye -encryption, esheshayo ihlanganiswe ngabadwebi, futhi ubude obunokwethenjelwa okwanele, lezi izindleko zikhula ngezinye izikhathi.