Emphysema ngokuvamile akuyona isifo ezimele, kodwa kwenzeka ngokumelene isizinda osuvele okunzima ukupholisa engokwemvelo bulimaza imigudu yokuphefumula kubantu. Kuyinto ezingamahlalakhona nonspecific yamaphaphu izicubu zokugula, lapho umphumela yokucindezeleka okwandayo ngaphakathi bronchioles kanye ne-alveoli odongeni kuyinto yendlu isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kancane kancane ilahlekelwa umswakama waso. Zonke izimpawu of emphysema tente anda emoyeni syndrome. kungenziwa Ngesikhathi esifanayo ku-X-ray waphawula Ukuwohloka bronhososudistogo umdwebo ukukhanyiselwa amaningi, lo ukusonteka kwesifuba , futhi kwaba ukungafakwa diaphragm. Lezi izimpawu of emphysema wachaza ukwanda kokungabi ingcindezi kule ingaphakathi esifubeni kanye nokwenyuka kwenani ivolumu ijwabu kwezitho oyinhloko umgudu wokuphefumula, ukuze isiguli unephutha bulging imigodi supraclavicular yokufuna barrel- ezimise esifubeni, kokunciphisa ebonakalayo isiphundu sabo emithanjeni jugular. Esikhathini esizayo, izinguquko idatha inamathelisiwe futhi zibangele isifo senhliziyo: izibilini bavezwa-mpilo yendlala ukungondleki, inhliziyo kuqinisa umsebenzi ukuze sivale lapho sisilela lokhu, kukhona stasis emithambo yegazi, cyanosis jikelele, bese kwakhiwa futhi "inhliziyo yamaphaphu".
Emphysema Ezinganeni
isigaba Sinzima lesi sifo iyona kangaka okuthiwa emphysema bullous. Nge evumela lokhu kubhujiswa kwezicubu esefike ezingeni abaningi angomakhelwane izindonga bronchioles kanye ne-alveoli ayafa, futhi "tho", ukwakha Bubbles ngenhloso ububanzi kuka 1 cm - "Bull". isici sayo etiological kungenzeka ukuvuvukala okungalapheki izicubu, yingakho kukhona lymphostasis zendawo amaseli okunempilo njalo ubuthi kanye namasosha omzimba. Ngo izingane ukuntula azalwa naso alpha-1-antitrypsin, ukusekela Ukuvikelwa futhi kuyaqina we ulwelwesi alveolar, izimpawu emphysema zenzeka ekuqaleni, futhi njengoba zikhula isifo singabi sibi kakhulu. ukukhwehlela Paroxysmal nge ubovu isikhwehlela trudnootdelyaemoy, iphika (ngokuvamile uhlobo expiratory), izimpawu ukuvuvukala kule igazi, imfiva - zonke lezi zimpawu kumele ngokushesha ziphazamisa wezingane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele izimpawu emphysema zikhonjwe esikhathini esifishane futhi kusekelwa idatha izindlela wezinsimbi (spirometry, esimweni) futhi behlolwa (eshaywayo lembula ukwehla wamaphaphu ibhokisi umngcele umsindo).
ngezigaba
Pathogenesis kukhona ngezigaba kumafomu ezimbili eziyinhloko: neobstruktsionnaya futhi obstructive emphysema yamaphaphu. Izimpawu zokuqala avele njengempendulo compensatory ngokususa ingxenye wamaphaphu noma involution inqubo kakhulu eminyakeni yokuguga. Eyesibili ehlangene ukuhlukumeza patency bronchial e ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini noma somoya, ngakhoke kudinga nokwelashwa kwezifo kungakephuzi eyinhloko. Ngenxa yezinto emphysema zilimele ezinzima kwesakhiwo, impatho amenable kuphela ezinye izimpawu zaso zokudambisa ngezimo zesiguli futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye inhliziyo.