Kuyini, ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ontogenesis

Inqubo zokuxhumana kuyinto ajwayelekile futhi evamile ngoba iningi labantu. ifomu neziLimi yokuxhumana isibe izindlela zibalulekile yokuxhumana imicabango yakhe njengoba washayelwa izingane ezincane, kanye nabantu abadala. Enye into ukuthi izinga ukusetshenziswa izwi zingase zihluke. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, abantu kulo lonke iningi isipiliyoni sakhe ekuphileni ukuqongelela ku ukusetshenziswa kolimi njengendlela yokuthola ukuxhumana ngamazwi, ekuthuthukiseni ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo yobudala post-embryonic kubantu, amakhono ayisisekelo yokuxhumana nezwe ngaphandle, kuhlanganise nokukhuluma. Ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ontogenesis kwenzeka ngezigaba, eminye yayo engase ukubonisa ezingeni wekhono idatha, okuyinto, Uma unganakile, akuhlangene ne imfundiso endala ephathelene Ulimi lokuxhumana.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana inkulumo

nokuxhumana ngengxoxo yomlomo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha Imininingwane okwabelana ithuluzi. Kuyinto ngenxa inqubo psycholinguistic ukuthi sekukhona ngenxa amakhono olimi, umuntu owakwazi ukusebenzisa esidlule futhi nakho samanje abanye abantu. Ngakho-ke wathatha ijamo kanye ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kakade abantu. Kanye lokhu, akakwazi ukuba wodwa kusukela ithuluzi ngokushesha kokusebenza yayo - ulimi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isho zomzimba ukuhambisana, futhi ngakolunye - iqoqo izimpawu akhomba kuleli noma lowo mkhuba, noma into emhlabeni wangempela. Quality ukusetshenziswa kolimi kunqunywa amakhono kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ontogenesis uhlobo yini isisekelo okwakhelwa kuso ukwakha ukwakheka okwalandela ukuhambisana, namanye amakhono.

Izici nemisebenzi yokukhuluma

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, bavunyelwe umuntu oveza amazinga yesimanje futhi kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu umsebenzi. Lokhu kwenziwa sibonga kunokwenzeka yokuthi umuntu ukuze uwusebenzise kahle imisebenzi yokuxhumana ngamazwi. Lena ngokuyinhloko umsebenzi yokuxhumana, esimelela umhumushi imicabango yomuntu othile. Lapha kumele kugcizelelwe, futhi nekhono lokuqonda inkulumo, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubo psycholinguistic noma kakhulu mpilo noma akwenzi mqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwaso kuphakamisa umsebenzi bokusungula siqu, lapho ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ezifana inkumbulo, bezibona, ukucabanga, nokunye. D. Njengoba zokuxhumana function, la makhono kuxhomeke endleleni ngempumelelo inkulumo uqobo. Ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ontogenesis futhi izalela izici qualitative of lelo khono. Phakathi kwazo kunane-ikhono enenjongo wokudlulisela imiqondo, incazelo efanele, imiva kanye nempumelelo, okusho umthelela interlocutor.

Izigaba umsebenzi inkulumo

Kukhona izindlela ezahlukene kuya systematization ka izinyathelo zenqubo okuyinto, ne ntshashintshe okujula Ukwakheka kwezitho amakhono e ukusetshenziswa yokukhuluma. Kodwa ngokuvamile zonke okufanayo kunezigaba ezintathu eziyisisekelo - a wokulungiselela, pre-school kanye nezikhathi pre-school. Esigabeni sokuqala sihilela ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma esikhathini enyakeni owodwa. Futhi zingahlukaniswa kanye izinkathi eziningana, njengoba ngalesi sikhathi kukhona eziningana ngokuyinhloko ezibalulekile inguqulelo amaphuzu ekuthuthukisweni. Lokhu kulandelwa isigaba okuthiwa eyinhloko noma pre-school, i okuhlaselayo lapho umntwana kakade kufanele bathole amakhono ayisisekelo nje kudivayisi izwi. Kodwa futhi, kungcono kuphela izigaba sokuqala zokukhuluma e ontogeny, yimuphi akufanele silindele imiphumela ephawulekayo ngokuya ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokubandula ikhono lokukhulumisana. Isigaba sesithathu kuhilela amakhono ngizoke kakade amathuluzi nokusetshenziswa kolimi.

Eyokuqala inkulumo ukusabela

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala lokuzalwa bendabuko ngisho amafomu esingesihle yokukhuluma akakwazi ukukhuluma, kodwa lesi sikhathi kubaluleke ngokuya kumiswa apharathasi vocal. Kubalulekile, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kungenzeka ukuqeda ezinye ukukhubazeka bokuphila ukuthi kamuva abe kwayithiya intuthuko egcwele ukuhambisana namakhono. Ngakho-ke, indawo ekhethekile has ukuhlolwa emizimbeni ezinquma ukuthi liyobe linjani ukuthuthukiswa esizayo yokukhuluma ontogenesis. Kafushane, kungenziwa lezi zindikimba yachazwa njengetshe elincane triad ebandakanya ukuphefumula, izwi kanye ukuhambisana amadivaysi. Ingane kulesi sikhathi baqale ukukhombisa ukuhamba minyango, ngawo wasememeza nokukhalela.

ukuthuthukiswa Ulimi ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuphila

izinyanga 5-6, ingane iqala lukhuni apharathasi vocal, kungaba ngokuqiniseka ngiya nokuklabalasa. Ngu ekupheleni izindawo wabonakaliswa Gulen, okuyinto zingakhiqiza ulwazi mayelana ukukhubazeka kungenzeka. Yini enye kubalulekile, parallel ukuthuthukiswa amakhono abo siqu ukuze zokuxhumana inkulumo nezwe, izingane ziqala ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuthatha party umsindo, ebanikeza value ehlukile. Abazali kanye ezungezile ngokuvamile ezingase zithinte ukuhlanganiswa amagama umongo inhlangano. Ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ontogenesis ngokuyinhloko zilawulwe ithonya imvelo bangaphandle. On the ingane kuthinta buviyoviyo, ngabanye ezicashile nesimo nezindlela zokuziphatha. Ukuze kuqiniswe kwezinye izimo imodeli, kutuswa ukuphinda nazo izikhathi ezimbalwa - inkumbulo yengane ngalesi sikhathi ngokuvamile kuba insimbi esiphumelela ngokwengeziwe ukuthuthukiswa, kunokuba ngokomzimba namakhono ukuhambisana.

Komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane esikhathini kusuka 5 kuya 12 izinyanga

Le nkathi libhekene izinguquko ezimbili ezibalulekile ezaziyobonisa ukuba ezingeni elisha e ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono olimi ingane. Okokuqala, kuba mbumbulu asebenzayo abantu abadala. Izingane musa nje alwela ukulingisa umsindo ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana senzeka, kodwa futhi silingise kakhulu izihambisimshini ukuhambisana pronunciation. Ngakho, i-imodeli ejwayelekile ngalo ozokwakhela kulo. Ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ontogenesis kulesigaba futhi banephupho nokuqinisa izinhlangano phakathi kwamagama kanye nezwe elingaphandle, kodwa Umbala eziyinkimbinkimbi nangokomzwelo. Lapha ungakwazi uphawu lwesibili ushintsho olukhulu indlela yokuthuthuka esizayo. Lokhu kwavela izimpendulo eqonde kakhulu ukuba amagama amaningi nemishwana. Ingane uyabubona ngokugcwele omdala futhi liba osekelwe kuyo babe ezinye izixazululo.

Komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane esikhathini kusuka 1 kuya ku-3 iminyaka

Phakathi nale nkathi, kwakheka ingane ukuhambisana apharathasi begodu esinqunyiwe isisekelo esinikelweko ku angaba ukuqaphela ukuthi abadala bathini. Futhi uma onyakeni wokuqala we kuvisisa amagama zenzeka ifomu generalized, ngalesi sikhathi, izingane usunazo inkulumo ucishe ezinzile, nakuba ne amaphutha amakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, angabawa ukudida tinshokutsi amanye amagama, yeka bondza isipiliyoni nobunzima ngokuya izicelo. Kulesi sigaba zokuthuthukiswa kolimi ngesikhathi ontogeny ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngenxa ekuqongeleleni amazwi. Okungukuthi, handling mechanical isivele esigabeni kumiswa asebenzayo futhi kuphela ukuba ngcono, kodwa izingane eziningi nobunzima ngokunembile ukuntuleka silulumagama.

Komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane esikhathini kusuka eminyakeni 3 kuya ku-7

Kusukela eminyakeni engu-3 ubudala, izingane zingaba kakade baveze imibono yabo ngendlela eqondakalayo, kuyilapho ukunamathela kolimi. Yiqiniso, kule nkathi iyoba eziningi amaphutha. Iningi lawo abayekiswanga ngenxa ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa kahle imisho lemagalagala futhi, kwezinye izimo, bevumele kanye nokusekela amaphutha yokubiza imisindo. Futhi bezibona lwemisindvo eba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane nge ngekhono elingcono angase afanelekele ukuba komuntu siqu isilawuli sezwi. Yena ezwa yena futhi aqondise, isekelwe emithethweni esabekwa abadala. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi yokufunda abazali namanje abalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma zezingane e ontogenesis kulesigaba kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ngcono izimfanelo ezinjengokuthi, ukukhumbula kanye nombono.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ifonotiki kanye lwemisindvo

Ivikela nekhono lokuqonda umsindo by endlebeni futhi uwadlale kahle kwakheka kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitho ngokushesha yokukhuluma isizukulwane. Ngamanye amazwi, yonke inkulumo apharathasi kanye nezigaba izwi kuhambisana emaphakathi sokuzwa simiso izinto, okuyinto ivame ukuba intuitively kahle ingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa okukhulu kungenziwa zikhokhelwe ukuhambisana yingoba izinga yokubiza sincike kuyo. Iphinde kubonakala, futhi ikhono lokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene amathoni izwi. Imizwelo ngokwethukela eyaziwako kahle indlela evelele amagama athile. Buviyoviyo, ngokukhethekile, kulesigaba uthola izici ayo wesitayela ezingaba njalo ukuphinda ngendlela ingxoxo ezungeze abadala.

Inqubo ukunwetshwa base lucebe futhi phakathi kwezakhi zolimi

Ngaphezu ekuqongeleleni amazwi, kulesi sikhathi ingane izama ukuxhuma kubo kahle. Amanothi elula kakade aphumelele, kodwa kungenzeka zibe nezinkinga ukulungela imishwana eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amakhono Ukuphathwa ngendlela efaneleko amacala kancane kancane. Futhi, singakwazi ukuhlakulela ikhono lokuhlukanisa inkulumo inqubo ubuningi elisebunyeni, futhi Ukuvalwa t. D. nokwenzeka kamuva, okuyinto eyenzeka ngesikhathi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-kolimi yokukhuluma ontogeny, libhekene kumiswa amazinga syntactic kanye morphological ezithile. Izingane zifunda amasu kwakhiwa kwemagama kanye Ukuphakama kwephimbo, ngokuzimela ukwenza amadili futhi sifunde ukusingatha kahle ukucindezeleka. Futhi namanje amafonethiki kanye nekhono lokuqonda izici inkulumo ingenye izici eziyinhloko zangaphandle, ngenxa lapho ingane eba esinekhono elihle lokukhulumisana.

Ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma yetheksthi ontogenesis

Kule nkathi kukhona oluqinisayo olunzulu namakhono ifa inkulumo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene - kumsindo, morphological, lucebe futhi nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Axhunyiwe kudinga ingane eziningi umzamo futhi ngokuya kuhilela izinqubo engqondo. Akhiwa namakhono ukulondoloza inkhulumomphendvulwano, okuyinto vele ilungu hhayi kuphela imisho elula noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi kudinga ukusabela kuqhathaniswa esheshayo ngamazwi akhale imibuzo kanye nezimpendulo. Njengoba amaphethini zokukhuluma e ontogenesis show, bafundzi bacala unake okukhethekile inqubo yokuxhumana kanye nomongo wawo. Ukusebenza isimo, okuyinto ubopha ingane futhi isizinda interlocutor, kunemtselela ayebatshele zona.

ukushayisana okungaba khona inqubo yentuthuko ulimi

Inkulumo ukukhubazeka ikakhulu ezihlobene ne hypoplasia imisebenzi yengqondo, kodwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka futhi kwezinso ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile kokubili izimbangela umphelelisi nomunye, ngenxa okuyinto kwakheka iqoqo esesabekayo yezinto, akakuvumeli ocacile yokuthola esebenzisa ukususa inkinga. Lezi ukukhubazeka akunakubangelwa Alalia, dysphonia, logoneurosis nokunye .. Abanye kwezinso ezihlobene nokusebenzelana yokuphazamiseka inqubo imfundo izwi, nezinye izinkinga zibangelwa yiwo izinsizakuzwa, kuyilapho abanye ungavumeli ukuba ahlele temporitmicheskuyu ukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanele. Ngezinye izikhathi iziyaluyalu zentuthuko yokukhuluma ontogenesis ongeke ukwazi ukuzilungisa zisencane. Kodwa njengoba zikhula, ngisho ngaphakathi izigaba sokuqala kumiswa inkulumo ukubhekana ukwephulwa esinjalo zaya ziba nzima.

isiphetho

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, akukho imodeli jikelele okukhona ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma amakhono. Njengoba kumiswa amakhono anjalo njalo ingane njengoba ibhuloho eba ohlelweni lwaso, amsize ukuba baqonde imithetho nezimiso ngalo kusekelwe. Ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma ontogenesis futhi kwenzekani laying amakhono athile. Kufanele uzilungiselele kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube kusaqalwa ukuzizwa okuphindayo ukukhala imisindo, kodwa khuluma kubo baze ongakwenza. Ngandlela-thile le kwamangqamuzana izici ngamunye yokukhuluma nokuxhumana senzeka ingxenye bezibona ifonotiki, kodwa futhi kuyokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo ukwakha ikhono amazwi ukusonga umusho kanye nokugcina izingxoxo.