Izici Jikelele kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19 (dlala)

XIX leminyaka emenza inqwaba abalobi abanamakhono Russian kanye izimbongi. Imisebenzi yabo masishane bagqekeza lo isiko zezwe futhi wathatha isikhundla sakhe obufanele. Ithonya umsebenzi wabo kwaba isihloko abalobi abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. izici Jikelele kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19 bekulokhu isihloko isifundo ahlukene esigabeni etemibhalo. Ngokungangabazeki, izimfanelo okwesikhathi okusheshayo Take-off imicimbi yamasiko enjalo yayisetshenziswa njengendawo ukuphila zezombangazwe nezenhlalo.

indaba

izitayela ezinkulu art nezincwadi khuphela izenzakalo zomlando. Uma ekhulwini XVIII empilweni yomphakathi eRussia kuqhathaniswa kulinganiswa, ekhulwini leminyaka elizayo kuhlanganisiwe vicissitudes eziningi ezibalulekile eziye zehlela hhayi kuphela ukuqhubeka umphakathi kanye nezombusazwe, kodwa futhi kumiswa izitayela ezintsha futhi iziqondiso ku-izincwadi.

mlando ezicacile zomlando kwalesi sikhathi kwaba nempi Turkey, ayehlasela ibutho sikaNapoleon, isijeziso ukuphikiswa, ukuqedwa serfdom nezinye izenzakalo eziningi. Bonke ziyabonakala zobuciko namasiko. izici Jikelele kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19 ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kokukhuluma ukudalwa kwezinkambiso entsha yesitayela. Wayeyisazi art Inkulumo kwaba A. S. Pushkin. Nge umsebenzi wakhe futhi iqala eminyakeni eyikhulu okukhulu.

ulimi etemibhalo

Umnikelo eyinhloko imbongi omkhulu Russian, kwaba ukudalwa amafomu olusankondlo entsha, temasu ekuveta sitayela esiyingqayizivele, iziza ngaphambilini ubuningi. Pushkin ukufezekisa lokhu kwaba Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ukuthuthukiswa oluphelele futhi imfundo yekhethelo. Ngolunye usuku azibeka ukufeza zonke vertices kwezemfundo. Wafinyelela yakhe amathathu nesikhombisa. Atypical nezintsha leso sikhathi babe amaqhawe Pushkin. Ukubona Tatyana Larina ihlanganisa ubuhle, ukuhlakanipha kanye izici umphefumulo Russian. Lolu hlobo wokubhala izincwadi zethu analogue akubanga ngaphambili.

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo: "Siyini isici jikelele izincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19", Umuntu okungenani babe nolwazi oluyisisekelo philological, ukukhumbula amagama ezifana Pushkin, laseChekhov, Dostoevsky. Kodwa kungenjongo nombhali "Evgeniya Onegina" wenza revolution izincwadi Russian.

romanticism

Lo mqondo sihlehlela emuva ngesikhathi entshonalanga yeqhawe ephakathi. Kodwa kuze kube ikhulu XIX usezuze shades entsha. Oluvelayo eJalimane, romanticism ukungena imisebenzi abalobi Russian. Ngo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba lesi siqondiso bathambekele ukuphishekela Motifs ezingaqondakali futhi abantu-legends. Ngo izinkondlo usukela isifiso alo okuguqula ukuphila kwabantu kube ngcono, kanye silokhu we amaqhawe esizwe. Aphikisayo ukuhamba Decembrists futhi ekupheleni kwabo okudabukisayo baye evundile okungamila izinkondlo.

izici Jikelele kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19 kwaphawulwa kwemizwelo romantic ku isosha esihlatshelelwayo, okuyizinkinga ezivamile impela izinkondlo Pushkin nezinye izimbongi yomthala yakhe.

Kepha temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, kwakukhona letisha lelandzisako, phakathi okuyinto uhlobo kumnandi kaningi. letibonwako temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba romantic - ekuqaleni usebenza Nikolaya Gogolya.

sentimentalism

With ukuthuthukiswa lo mkhuba iqala izincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19. izici Jikelele nephrozi isihawu - a ukuzwa futhi Ukugcizelelwa bezibona yomfundi. Ngo-Russian izincwadi sentimentalism langena ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Umuntu owasungula le isiko Russian kule uhlobo baba Karamzin. Ekhulwini XIX ke kwadingeka eziningi abalandeli.

I satirical temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba

Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho imisebenzi satirical futhi lesibonwa. Lokhu kuthambekela usukela ngokuyinhloko Gogol. Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe ngencazelo nezwe elincane, umlobi kamuva wathuthela izihloko zonke-Russian nomphakathi. Kunzima ukucabanga namuhla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu inkosi ukubhinqa Izincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19. izici Jikelele nephrozi wakhe kule uhlobo akuwona umbono abagxeka ubuwula parasitism kulendawo. Satirist "wayehamba" cishe zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi.

A wobuciko nephrozi satirical baba noveli "Golovlevs", anikezelwe isihloko kulendawo abampofu ngokomoya zomhlaba. Ngemva kwalokho, umkhiqizo Saltykov-Shchedrin, kanye eziningi nezinye izincwadi satirist, kwaba into kokuqala ukuvela of Namaqiniso obuKhomanisi.

inoveli namaqiniso

Engxenyeni kwekhulu lesibili ukuthuthukiswa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba enengqondo. kwezifiso zothando zehlulekile. Kwakunesidingo ukukhombisa izwe linje ngempela. Dostoevsky sika temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba - iyingxenye ebalulekile into ezifana izincwadi Russian kwekhulu le-19. izici Jikelele emfushane uhlu izici ezibalulekile lesi sikhathi kanye izimfanelo ukuvela imihlola ehlukahlukene. Ngokuphathelene temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ongokoqobo ngokulinganiselwa Dostoevsky, kungaba lungachazwa kanje: izindaba nasezincwadini ziye nombhali babe yokusabela kuya kwemizwelo eyayivamile leyo minyaka emphakathini. Echaza ngemisebenzi yakhe prototypes zabantu wayazi wafuna ukubhekana futhi uxazulule izinkinga ukuphokophela iningi umphakathi esihlala kuwo wathutha.

Emashumini eminyaka yokuqala yezwe adunyiswe Mikhail Kutuzov ke Decembrists romantic. Lokhu ngokucacile kufakazelwa izincwadi Russian yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. izici Jikelele ngasekupheleni kwekhulu, bakwamukele amagama ambalwa. Lokhu kubuye kuhlolwe yamanani. Kuqhame akukhona ukudalelwa kwaso sonke isizwe futhi yelungu ngalinye. Yingakho ukuvela temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba umfanekiso "indoda engadingekile".

Folk inkondlo

Eminyakeni lapho le noveli namaqiniso wathatha isikhundla ekuholeni, izinkondlo esebohlile. izici Jikelele elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo Russian kwekhulu le-19 kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulandelela ibanga elide kusukela izinkondlo Ungadliwa ukuze truthful inoveli. Njengoba isimo sase kudala umsebenzi wakhe genius Nekrasov. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe ayisona kwenziwe isibaluli omunye izinhlobo ehola kwesikhathi wathi. Umbhali zimunye inkondlo yakhe izinhlobo eziningana: umlinyana, yiqhawe wamavukelambuso.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu

Kwathi ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga le XIX leminyaka labalobi kabanzi wokufundwayo baba laseChekhov. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni izindlela zokudala abagxeki umbhali abasolwa ngokuthakatha abandayo izindikimba zomphakathi zamanje, imisebenzi yakhe uthole i ukuqashelwa elingenakuphikwa nomphakathi. Ukuqhubeka ukuthuthukisa umfanekiso "ndoda omncane", wadala ngaphezulu Pushkin, laseChekhov wafunda umphefumulo Russian. imibono ehlukene yefilosofi nezombusazwe ezakhiwa ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, asikwazanga asithinti etimphilweni tebantfu.

Ezincwadini kamuva yayibuswa kwemizwa wamavukelambuso kwekhulu XIX. Phakathi abalobi omsebenzi wakhe kwaba ngaleso kwekhulunyaka, omunye nabantu abavelele kakhulu kwaba Maxim Gorky.

izici Jikelele nezincwadi zakudala Russian kwekhulu le-19 ufanelwe ukuqashelwa. Njalo omele ezinkulu kwalesi sikhathi wadala umhlaba lakhe kwezobuciko, heroes ngubani ngiphuphe kwamandla ethu, ukulwa ububi obukhulu emphakathini, noma abanolwazi inhlekelele ethile encane. Futhi umsebenzi oyinhloko ababhali ukucabanga ngezinto ezingokoqobo ekhulwini, ecebile izenzakalo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe.