Izibonelo zokuqhathaniswa ezincwadini ziyi-prose kanye nezinkondlo. Incazelo kanye nezibonelo zokuqhathanisa ngesiRashiya

Ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokungapheli ngobuhle nokucebile kolimi lwesiRussia. Lezi ziphakamiso ziyisizathu esithile sokuzibandakanya kwingxoxo enjalo. Ngakho, ukuqhathanisa.

Kuyini ukuqhathaniswa

Eqinisweni, leli gama linamanani amaningi. Leli qiniso liqinisekiswa yizibonelo ezingapheli zokuqhathanisa, okuphawulwe kithi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Enkulumweni yokuhlangana, kunalokho, ukufaniswa kwezinto ezahlukene, ukufakazela ukuthi bayalingana noma bafana.

Emathematika, igama elithi "ukuqhathanisa" lihlanganiswa nomqondo ofanayo we "ubudlelwane". Ukuqhathanisa izinombolo ngokulingana noma ukungalingani, sithola umehluko phakathi kwabo.

Ukuqhathaniswa kuthiwa kuyinkqubo yokuqhathanisa ukufana nokungafani, ukungalungi nezinzuzo zezinto eziningana. Njengoba izibonelo ziboniswa, ukuqhathanisa nesayensi njengefilosofi, kwengqondo, inhlalakahle yezenhlalo kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwemisebenzi yokucabangela ebeka izingxabano ngokufana nokungafani ezintweni ezifundwayo. Ngosizo lokuqhathanisa kwembula zonke izinhlobo zezici zalezi zinto noma izici.

Ukuqhathaniswa ezincwadini: incazelo kanye nezibonelo

Ukuqhathaniswa kwamathekisthi nokubhala kunencazelo ehlukile. Lezi yizibalo zokukhuluma, ama- stylistic amadivaysi noma izinto ezithile ezifaniswa nabanye ngesici esivamile. Indlela yokuqhathanisa ingaba lula, ngakho-ke lapho isakazwa khona, ngokuvamile kukhona amagama athile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona: "kanjani", "like", "like", "ncamashi." Kodwa kukhona indlela engaqondile yokuqhathanisa: kulokhu, ukuqhathaniswa kwenziwa ngosizo lwamagama esihlakalweni sezinsimbi ngaphandle kokufakazela. Isibonelo: "Onegin wayephila i-anchorite" ("Eugene Onegin" ngu-Alexander Pushkin).

Ukuqhathaniswa nokufanisa

Ukuqhathaniswa kuyaxhunyaniswa ngokungahambisani nomunye umqondo wokubhala, isichazamazwi - inkulumo esetshenziswe ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Eqinisweni, lesi sifaniso sisekelwe ekuqhathaniseni okungavunyelwanga ngokuqondile. Isibonelo, i-A. Blok's line "Ukugijima imifudlana yezinkondlo zami" isichazamazwi esivamile (igama "imifudlana" lisetshenziswe ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso). Kodwa lo mkhakha ufana nokuqhathanisa: izinkondlo zigijima njengemifudlana.

Kuyathakazelisa ukusebenzisa amasu okufanisa uma kwenzeka okuthiwa ukuqhathaniswa okungalungile. Izibonelo zokuqhathanisa zingatholakala kalula kuma-epics. "Akukhona amafu amabili esibhakabhakeni ahlangene, ama-knights amabili ahlakaniphile ahlangana ndawonye" - kulesi sampula se-Old Old epic, kokubili kufana nokufana kwamaqhawe ashaya amafu amnyama kakhulu, kugcizelelwe, futhi ubunikazi bawo buphikisiwe, futhi kukhishwa isithombe esivelele esimangalisayo.

Ukuqhathanisa okungalungile, ubuciko obuningi bemisebenzi yobuciko bendabuko kanye nezindlela zabo zokuziloba ngomlando, badlala indima ekhethekile embonweni wesithombe sobuciko. Nansi umugqa ovela emsebenzini ka-A. Nekrasov: "Akuyona i-hound emthini we-oki, iyabetha, inhloko engcolile iyamemeza-umfelokazi osemusha uyaqhaqhazela, aqoqe futhi aqoqe izinkuni." Ingxenye yesibili yezwi (Crying ...) futhi ngokwayo ngokwanele, idlulisela ngokuphelele incazelo edingekayo. Kodwa kuphela ukuhlanganiswa kokubili izingxenye zomusho kukuvumela ukuba uzizwe konke ukufutheka, yonke inhlekelele yalokho okwenzekile.

Kusho ukuveza kahle ulimi

Ukuqhathanisa kusiza ukuchaza imibono noma izimo, uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinto - ezinomsoco, njengoju, omuncu, njengoviniga. Kodwa umgomo oyinhloko akugcizelele isakhiwo sesici sento. Into eyinhloko ingokomfanekiso, inkulumo enembile yomlobi, ngoba enye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokuziqhathanisa iqhathanisa. Izibonelo ezivela ezincwadini zibonisa ngokucacile indima yayo ekubunjweni kwesithombe esidingekayo kumlobi. Nansi umugqa wendalo kusukela kuMnuYu. ULermontov: "UHarun wagijimela ngesivinini kunomkhuhlane, ngesivinini kunokholo oluvela okhozi." Omunye angasho nje ukuthi: "UHarun wabaleka ngokushesha kakhulu" noma "UHarun wabaleka ngesivinini esikhulu." Kodwa, ngokuyiqiniso ngokuphelele emvelweni, lezi zinkulumo ngeke zifinyelele ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi umphumela ohambisana nemigqa kaLermontov.

Izici

Ukukhokha intela ekuqhathaniseni njengabakhulumi abanamandla bokukhulumisana kwenkulumo yaseRussia, abacwaningi abaningi bamangala ngokulinganisa kwalokhu kuqhathaniswa. Kungabonakala, futhi lapha ukucabanga? Phela, ekuqhathaniseni akukho muntu odinga ukunemba okukhethekile, ngokoqobo! Kodwa kunezibonelo ezahlukene zokuqhathanisa, imigqa yabantu abahlukene. "Kwakukhona amaconsi e-fireball afana nezibuko ngewayini elinamanzi" (N. Zabolotsky) futhi "Kubonakala sengathi kwenzeke, emakethe uyisitja, ummese wakhe uvinjelwe kusuka esitsheni kuya kwesibambo" (Hakani). Konke ukungafani kwalezi zinkulumo, bahlukaniswa isici esivamile. Yomibili imisho ikhuluma ngezinto ezijwayelekile (mayelana nezimbali ezibomvu, mayelana nesiphetho esinzima somuntu) futhi, eqoshiwe ngendlela ehlukile, ingahle ilahleke kunoma yimuphi umbhalo. Kodwa ukusetshenziselwa ukufaniswa ("izibuko ezinewayini eligazini", "ummese wokuhlambalaza") kwaba yilokho okweqile, okwenza ngamabomu amagama alula ukuveza okukhethekile nokuzwelana. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, ezingoma nasezinkondlweni zothando, lapho isimo sengqondo sesivele sinamandla, ukuqhathaniswa kungavamile kakhulu kunokulandelana okunengqondo.

Izibonelo zokuqhathanisa ngesiRashiya

Ulimi lwesiRussia lubhekwa njengenye yezinzima kakhulu. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudala kwama-classics aseRashiya emhlabeni kubhekwa njengendlela ekhanyayo, eyinqobo, enekhono. Kubonakala sengathi kunesixhumanisi esingenakuqhathaniswa phakathi kwala maqiniso. Ubunzima bokufunda ulimi luqukethe inani elikhulu lezici, amathuba, nemithetho ekhona kulo. Kodwa nalokhu kuvula isikhala esikhulu somlobi onethalente okwazi ukubhekana namasu okuqamba. Ulimi lwesiRussia ngempela lucebile kakhulu: luqukethe amathuba angenamkhawulo ngempela okuvumela ukuba uguqule igama elivamile emfanekisweni obonakalayo obonakalayo, wenze kube umsindo ngendlela entsha, ukuze uhlale unomphela ememori yakho. Imisebenzi eyinkondlo ikakhulukazi yilezi. "Ukuphila kwethu ekugugeni kuyigqoke eligugile: futhi kunamahloni ukugqoka, futhi kuyisihawu ukushiya." Lo mzila kaP. Vyazemsky uyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokusetshenziswa kokuqhathaniswa nokudalwa kwemibhalo.

Emsebenzini we-A.S. I-Pushkin

Umlobi omkhulu wayengumuntu owaziwayo wokuphatha amadivaysi azincwadi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu . Ukuqhathaniswa okusetshenziswa ezinkondlweni zakhe nasezinkondlweni kuyamangalisa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokunemba nokuchithwa.

"Ikholomu yakhe ye-beaver iyisiliva nge-frosty uthuli" - lena umugqa ovela enkondlweni ethi "Eugene Onegin". Amagama ambalwa nje, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ngibheke i-boulevard enhlokodolobha, ehlanganiswe ngeqhwa, ivela, kanye ne-dandy encane eya ebhola. Futhi-ke isiqephu ebhokisini: "Ngangena: isikhwama esihlahleni, okwamanje i-comet yashaya okwamanje." Bhala i-Pushkin, ukuthi umuntfu ongenamakhanda ungazibhodlela ibhodlela le-champagne, ngeke asuke eqinisweni. Kodwa ingabe isithombe esinjalo somdlalo ongavamile, esimnandi, oqhakazile sizovela ngokucacile?

Futhi lokhu sekuvele kwenkondlo ethi "The Bronze Horseman": "Futhi ngaphambi kokuba inhloko-dolobha encane, i-Moscow yaseMoscow yaphela, njengaphambi komshayeli omusha ongumfelokazi wesibeletho". Kungenzeka yini ukuveza ngokunembile umkhathi wobunye ubuzwe obukhulu kanye nokulahlwa okwakubusa eMoscow ngemuva kokuba inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia ibizwa ngokuthi idolobha lasePetra? "Izitha nokukhukhumeza amagagasi amadala kwenza amagagasi aseFinland akhohlwe!" - yile ndlela amanzi aseNeva ayegodliwe ngayo i-granite. Yebo, mhlawumbe, lokhu kungashiwo ngaphandle kokuqhathaniswa, kodwa izithombe ezidwetshwe umbhali zibonakala ngokucacile phambi kwamehlo ethu?

Futhi okuningi mayelana nobuciko bezinkondlo zaseRussia

Izibonelo ezimangalisayo zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe eziqhathanisayo zanele emsebenzini wezinye izimbongi zaseRussia. Ukuqhathaniswa okumangalisayo kule nkondlo "Ubuntwana" Bunin "kubonisa ngokunembile isimo sehlobo esishisayo ehlobo, umuzwa wengane ojabulela ilanga namahlumela ehlathi. Isihlabathi somlobi siyisilika, isihlahla somuthi siyisigodi esikhulu, kanti ihlathi lehlobo elishonelwe ilanga yimikamelo yelanga.

Izibonelo ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo, nakuba zihluke ngokuphelele zikhona emisebenzini yamanye amakhosi aseRashiya egameni. Ukuqhathaniswa kwenkondlo ka-Esenin ethi "Kulungile!" Vula umfundi ekusaweni kwehlobo. Izinkanyezi zegolide zishaya, esikhundleni samanzi emifula - isibuko samanzi angemuva, amacici aluhlaza ezindizeni, ama-dews esiliva ashisa, kanye nenambuzane yayigqoke nge-mother-of-pearl ekhanyayo. Eqinisweni, inkondlo yonke iyisiqalo esikhulu. Futhi yeka into enhle!

Ukuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi ka-S. Yesenin kungashiwo isikhathi eside - ngaphambi kokuthi konke kukhanye, kucabange futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokungafani. Uma kubhalwe ukuthi "Kuhle ekuseni" umkhathi ulula, ujabule, ujabulise, ngakho-ke uma ufunda inkondlo ethi "Black Man" kukhona umuzwa wodlamezi, ngisho nengozi (hhayi lutho olubhekwa njengelungelo lokufuna umlobi). Futhi lesi simo sengqondo sokuphelelwa yithemba sakhiwa ngenxa yokuqhathaniswa okungavamile okungavamile!

"Umuntu Omnyama" uyinkondlo eyisiyaluyalu yokuqala. Uhlobo lomuntu omnyama, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvela ephusheni, noma ku-delirious delirious yomlobi. I-Yesenin izama ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lombono lokhu. Khona-ke uchungechunge oluthe xaxa lokuqhathanisa okukhulu: "Kufana ne-grove ngo-Septhemba, ukuphuza utshwala ebuchosheni," "Inhloko yami ihamba ngezindlebe ezinjengezinyoni zezinyoni, akusakwazi ukukwelula imilenze yami entanyeni yami," "NgoDisemba, kulelo zwe, iqhwa eliya kuDeveli lihlanzekile, Futhi iziphepho zeqhwa ziqala ukugeleza. " Ufunda le migqa futhi ubona konke: kokubili ubusika obubandayo obubandayo, nokuphelelwa ithemba okukhulu komuntu.

Isiphetho

Ungakwazi ukuveza imicabango yakho ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kodwa ezinye zineziqephu ezifiphele noma ezididayo, noma ngisho nokuzwakalisa okungavamile, kuyilapho ezinye zinezithombe zokunethezeka ezijabulisayo. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amasu wokudweba kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze isithombe sokukhuluma, kokubili okulotshiwe kanye nomlomo. Futhi ungayinaki lo mcebo.