Izakhamuzi kolwandle (bheka isithombe). izidalwa eziyingozi zasolwandle. Thola ukuthi izilwandle kukhona oshaka, imikhomo namahlengethwa

Imfihlo ihlale iheha futhi iheha umuntu. Ukujula kolwandle lomhlaba sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwa njengombuso ongaqondakali kaLeviyathani neNeptune. Izintombi zezinyoka kanye ne-squid, ubukhulu bomkhumbi, zenze ama-sailors abanolwazi kakhulu. Izakhamuzi ezingavamile futhi ezithakazelisayo zasolwandle zizocatshangelwa kithi kulesi sihloko.

Sizokukhuluma ngezinhlanzi eziyingozi nezamangalisa, kanye nezinhlanzi ezinjengezoshiya nezinhlanzi. Funda kabanzi, futhi izwe elingavamile labakhileyo olwandle olujulile lizoqondakala ngokwengeziwe kuwe.

Ukuphila emanzini

Ubuso bamanzi buhlala endaweni enkulu kakhulu kunezwe. Ekujuleni kolwandle lomhlaba akulona amaphuzu ayizinkulungwane ezidonsela ososayensi kanye neziphetho. Namuhla, kuphela ingxenye yezilwane ezihlala kukholomu yamanzi yaziwa.

Kulesi sihloko, sizozama ukusithinta ngokufishane amaqiniso athakazelisayo kakhulu ngokuphila komkhumbi. Uzothola ukuthi kungani inhlanzi ejulile yolwandle inomuthi wokudoba ebunzini lakhe nge-flashlight. Uzofunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zoshaka futhi uqonde ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zimelela ingozi yangempela kubantu.

Futhi sizocabangela ezinye izinhlanzi ezijulile-olwandle. Isithombe salezi zilwane ezingavamile kufana nezinyamazane zamazwe amahle avela kumafilimu aseHollywood. Noma kunjalo, yizakhamuzi zangempela yolwandle emhlabeni.

Ngakho-ke, uhambo lwethu luqala ngokubuyekezwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibulalayo ezihlala olwandle nolwandle.

Izakhamuzi ezinobungozi olwandle

Kulesi sihloko sikhuluma ngezilwane ezihlukahlukene zasolwandle. Ngaphambi kokuthinta abantu abakhulu, njengamahlengethwa, oshaka namapulangwe, sizocabangela izakhamuzi eziyingozi kolwandle.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokushona kwabantu abanobugovu kubuthi ubuthi, hhayi ukuhlaselwa koshaki, njengoba kungase kubonakale.

Okubulalayo kakhulu kungabizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi. Le nhlanzi, i-fugue, i-zebra fish (noma izinhlanzi zezingonyama), irempu, ama-moray e-baraycuda. Abokuqala abathathu badla kakhulu. Uketshezi olunezihlahla zabo kudala umphumela we-neuromuscular. I-scat ingabulala ngokushaya umkhonto wamathambo emsila noma wamanje, uma ihamba phezu kommeli kagesi wezilwane. Ama-moray e-baraycuda ne-barracuda ayingozi kakhulu, kepha angakwazi ukudibanisa unyawo noma isandla se-diver nge inhlanzi futhi kubangele isilonda esibi. Ngaphandle kosizo olufanele, umuntu, njengomthetho, akasaphila.

Futhi, ingozi ekhethekile igxila emithonjeni yamatshe phansi kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-algae. Lapha akutholakali nje izinhlanzi ezibalwe ngenhla, kodwa futhi i-scorpion, i-lionfish, i-wart ne-skalozuby. Lezi zilwane azilimazi futhi ngeke zihlasele okokuqala. Kodwa ukucasuka ngengozi kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthinta okungenandaba. Iqiniso liwukuthi lihle kakhulu futhi lilukhuni ukuhlukanisa nomlando wezwe elizungezile. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abahlukahlukene bayelulekwa ukuba badabuka ngamabili noma ngamaqembu, kunokuba bodwa. Uma kwenzeka ukungenwa ngokungazelelwe nokwehla kwenhlalakahle, kufanele uhambe ngokushesha bese ubonana nodokotela.

Esikhathini salesi sihloko uzobona isithombe sabakhileyo olwandle. Kuyoba amaqhawe amakhulu, ama-anglers angavamile kanye nenhlanzi ngesimo se-chill.

Izinhlobo zoshaka

Izakhamuzi eziyingozi kunazo zonke zasolwandle yizoshaka. Namuhla, ososayensi banezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane namashumi amahlanu. Uyomangala, kodwa kunabamele abancane kakhulu kulaba badlali. Isibonelo, eduze nentshonalanga yaseColombia naseVenezuela bahlala ejulile-u-shark u-Etmopterus perryi, ubude bawo buba ngamasentimitha angu-20.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke yi-whale shark, engafinyelela ngamamitha amabili ubude. Ngokungafani ne-megalodon engapheli, akuyona isidlo. Ekudleni kwayo kuhlanganisa ama-squid, izinhlanzi ezincane, iplanki.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi oshaka abanalo isisindo sokubhukuda sezinhlanzi. Indlela yokuphuma kulezi zimo ezihlukahlukene zenzeke ngendlela yazo. Isibonelo, oshaka basentshonalanga baqoqa umoya ngaphakathi esiswini bese benza ukubonakala kwesitho esingekho. Iningi, esikhundleni sesifiso, sebenzisa isibindi. Kukhona i-hydrogen carbonate enqwabelene ne-squalene, elula kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, oshaka anamathambo alula kakhulu kanye namathambo. Lokhu kudala ukuqhuma kokungathathi hlangothi. Okunye okudalwa ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zokulala zilala kancane kakhulu.

Kuvame ukubuzwa ukuthi yiziphi oshaka oLwandle OluMnyama ongamhlasela umuntu. Impendulo ayikho into ecacile. Kulo mzimba wamanzi kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela - i-katran (i-prickly shark ebonakalayo) ne-scyllium (ikati). Zombili izinhlobo ziphephile ngokuphelele.

Abahlukahlukene kuphela abangabahlangabeza ubuso nobuso, kodwa ngisho nalapho kuzokwenzeka ukwesaba kuphela uma uzama ukubamba i-cathran ngezandla zakho. Unameva anobuthi esikhumbeni sakhe. Ngeke bahlasele, ngoba umuntu mkhulu kunabo. Ubude balezi zilwane buhluka cishe ngamamitha.

Kuphi olwandle oshaka abathola

Lolu lwazi ngeke luvimbele labo abahambayo. Abavakatjhi bavame ukuthakazelisa emkhakheni wezokudoba odoti. Ngokuvamile, injabulo enjalo ibangelwa ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwabo. Eqinisweni, ukuhlaselwa kweshaka kumuntu akuvamile.

Izibalo zithi izinhlanzi ezimbalwa kuphela ezihlasela abantu. Futhi isizathu ngokuvamile ukuthi inhlanzi ayifakazi ukuthi ubani ohamba phambili. Empeleni, inyama yomuntu ayiyona imikhiqizo ekhethiwe yalesi sidalwa. Izifundo zithi ngokuzilimaza, udoki ngokuvamile uvame ukuphuma, ngoba awusebenzi ekudleni kwamafutha aphezulu okudingayo.

Ngakho-ke, zingaki izilwandle ezingaba yisiphephelo sezilwane eziyingozi? Lena iningi lamagquma ahlobene ngqo nomanzi wamanzi olwandle. Isibonelo, uLwandle Olubomvu, olwandle lwaseMpumalanga Ekude nabanye.

Okuyingozi kunazo zonke kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezine zoshaki - iphiko elide, i-tiger, i-tupory nelomhlophe. Lezi zinsuku ezimbili ziphakathi kwezibulala kakhulu. Shark omhlophe - esinye sezilwane ezinamandla kunazo zonke. Angakwazi ukuzwa ihlazi legazi endaweni engamakhilomitha amahlanu futhi ngokuzenzekelayo ahlasele isisulu. Konke lokhu kungenxa yombala othize okwenza ungabonakali kusuka phezulu.

I-Ghana, iTanzania neMozambique, ngokusho kwezibalo ezingekho emthethweni, kubhekwa njengamazwe ayingozi kakhulu ngokuhlasela kuka-shark. Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, iBrazil, i-Australia ne-New Zealand, i-USA neNingizimu Afrika ziphakathi kwazo.

ELwandle LwaseMedithera, zezinhlobo eziyingozi kunazo zonke, kunezindebe ezinamaphiko amakhulu kanye nama-tiger sharks. Lezinhlanzi ezifanayo zingakwazi ukugebha ukusuka olwandle kuze kufike eLwandle Olubomvu. Izilwandle ezisenyakatho, kanye noLwandle Olumnyama nolwandle lwase-Azov, ziphephile ngokuphelele ngokuhlaselwa kwabantu ngukushaka.

Izinhlobo zemikhomo

Izakhamuzi ezinkulu kakhulu zasolwandle yizintambo. Kuze kube yimanje, naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuhle kakhulu kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, izilwane aziqondi kahle. Ngonyaka, ukutholakala okungalindelekile kwamasosha amasha noma imikhuba ethile kwenzeka.

Okwamanje, ososayensi bazi ngezinhlobo ezingu-80 zemikhomo. Ngokuqinisekile abafundi bayoba nesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi isihlobo esiseduze salesi sifo esincelisayo siwumvubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okokuqala amahlumela ahlala emhlabathini futhi ayengama-artiodactyls. Abacwaningi bathi ukhokho walezi giantshi wehla eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu edlule.

Izazi ze-biologist zihlukanisa imiyalo emithathu ye-cetaceans - i-toothed, i-mustached futhi manje ikhona imikhomo yasendulo. Okokuqala kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zehlengethwa, i-sperm whale ne-porpoise. Ziyiziqhwaga. Bondla ama-cephalopods, izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, njengezimpawu nezimpawu.

Ama-cetaceans ase-moustached, ngokungafani neyokuqala, angenayo amazinyo. Esikhundleni salokho, babe namapulangwe emilonyeni yabo, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "i-whalebone". Ngalolu ukwakhiwa, izilwanyana ezincelisayo zizitshela amanzi ngezinhlanzi ezincane noma epankton. Ukudla kuhlungiwe, futhi uketshezi lukhishwa emgodini okhethekile ngesimo somthombo odumile.

Lezi zilwane ezinkulu. I-largestream ye-moustached yi-blue whale. Ubuningi bayo bufinyelela amathani ayikhulu namashumi ayisithupha, ubude bawo buyizingamatshumi amathathu nanhlanu. Inani eliphelele labacwaningi liyishumi. Lezi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imbala, i-dwarfish, i-humpback, iningizimu ne-bowhead whale, i-seiwal, i-final kanye nama-subspecies amabili ama-minke whales.

Njengoba ubona, ulwandle nabakhileyo balo bagcina izimfihlo eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Ake sibone ukuthi lawa ma-giants atholakala kuphi.

Yiluphi olwandle olutholakala emahlathini

Abasolwandle bathi inhlanzi elwandle elinjengendlovu esitolo se-china. Kulezi ziqhwaga kuyingqayizivele ukulima imifula yolwandle lomhlaba. Ngezinye izikhathi zivela emazweni angaphakathi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukungena ezifundeni ezisemaphandleni neziphakathi.
Umndeni wama-rorquals, isibonelo, i-humpback whale, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-finval, i-minke whale kanye ne-sei whale, ikhetha ukuhlala olwandle olusenyakatho. Isizathu salokhu kuziphatha ukuthi emanzini angasenyakatho, ama-parasites ahlukene kanye nezimpendulo zibophezele kubo.

Isibonelo, izinyosi ze-whale zingabangela amaqebelengwane e-ulcerative emzimbeni walezi giants.
Phakathi kwama-whale angama-minke, abantu ababalwe ngenhla yizakhamuzi ezivame kakhulu ezilwandle.

Amagama emithambo yamanzi abagibela ngayo yilezi ezilandelayo: White, Barents, Greenland, olwandle lwaseNorway neBaffin e-Atlantic naseChukchi ePacific.

I-blue whale yaziwa namuhla ngezinhlobonhlobo ezine. Izinhlobo zayo ezisenyakatho naseningizimu zihlala ezilwandle ezibandayo ze-hemispheres ezihambisanayo, kanti ama-dwarfish namaNdiya avame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngenxa yesithakazelo esikhethekile se-whaling, lesi silwane sasiqothulwa cishe phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngo-1982, baqala ukwethula ukuxoshwa. Namuhla kunabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi emhlabeni.

Ngakho-ke, imikhomo, njengamahlengethwa, izithombe zabo ezizovela kamuva, zihlala kuzo zonke izindawo zezilwandle zomhlaba nasezilwandle zasogwini. Imizimba yamanzi angaphakathi ngaphakathi njengeMediterranean and Red Seas, ayibhukumi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokujula nokuntuleka kokudla okudingekayo.

Izinhlobo zamahlengethwa

Ngokungangabazeki, ethandwa kakhulu futhi nobungane kubantu kukhona amahlengethwa. Izithombe zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo zizovela kamuva.

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingamashumi amane. Abayishumi nanye babo bahlala emagodini aseRussian Federation.

Uma uhlukanisa lezi zakhamuzi zasolwandle ngokuzalwa, uzothola isithombe esithakazelisayo. Kukhona ama-motley, ama-gray, abamnyama, kanye nama-Malaysian, i-Irvadian, amahlengethwa angama-hunchbacked nama-large-toothed. Kukhona ama-hunchbacked, ama-long-legged, angenalutho, ama-short-headed nama-protodelfins. Kuhlanganisa namapulangwe abulalayo, amahlumela amancane nezinsana ezinwabuzelayo kanye namadonphin e-bottlenose.

Ngokuyinhloko, yizinhlobo zokugcina ezithandwa kakhulu ezincwadini nasesidini. Ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sezakhamuzi, izakhamuzi zegama elithi "dolphin" zizokhumbula ummeleli walezi zinhlobo.

Kodwa akuzona zonke amahlengethwa abakhileyo olwandle. Kunezinhlobo ezine zemifula. Zibonakala ngombono ompofu kanye ne-sonar ebuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziphelile ekuqothulweni.

Isibonelo, i-Amazonian river dolphin inemibala ebomvu futhi ibhekwa njengeyingcwele emazweni aseNdiya. Hlala futhi lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo eGees, emifuleni yaseChina naseLa Plata.

Uma sikhuluma ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle zalesi silwane, singakhuluma okulandelayo. Zingafinyelela amamitha amabili ubude, amaphiko angama-pectoral angaba ngamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, futhi ama-dorsal amaphini kuya kumamitha ayisishiyagalombili ubude.

Inamba yamazinyo ngamahlengethwa awahlali njalo. Ihlukahluka kusuka kumakhulu ayikhulu namakhulu amabili. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunemfuyo enkulu kakhulu yalezi zilwane ezincelisayo, kuze kube yizinhloko ezinkulungwane eziningana.

Amaqiniso ambalwa amangazayo ngamahlengethwa. Ubuchopho babo buyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu amagremu kunzima kunokholo lomuntu. Futhi kune-convolutions kabili kulo. Banekhono lokuzwelana, futhi "i-vocabulary" yabo ihlanganisa imisindo ehlukahlukene eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nane. Izimpawu ziyi-sonar (ye-orientation) nokuxhumana.

Umuntu usebenzise lezi zilwane ezincelisayo (kokubili ukuthula) (pet-therapy) kanye nempi (ukutholakala kwamayini, kamikaze for submarines).

Ngamaphi amahlengethwa atholakalayo

Zingaki izilwandle emhlabeni, njengezindawo eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamahlengethwa. Kodwa uhla lwawo alukhawulelanga emzimbeni wamanzi anjalo. Bahlala emifuleni nasolwandle oluvulekile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamahlengethwa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokushisa kolwandle. Isibonelo, ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisenyakatho zenyakatho zihlala khona ababizwa ngokuthi "abasenyakatho" abameleli. Lezi zihlanganisa amabhalugas nama-narwhals, noma ama-unicorns olwandle.

Owokuqala uhlala ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona i-ice crust okungunaphakade. Awukwazi ukuwela emanzini afriziwe. Ebusika obusika i-beluga ihambela eningizimu eya eBaltic Sea noma uLwandle lwaseJapane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zinhlobo azikwazi ukuphefumula imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-15, ngakho-ke azicwi ngokujulile. Futhi, ama-beluga amawhales musa ukuxhuma emoyeni njengabafowethu baseningizimu. Umgodi wokuphefumula uyakwazi ukumbozwa ngeqhwa leqhwa ngisho nangokwesibini ukuthi bayaphala.

Ama-Narwhals ajwayele ukushintshaniswa nezimo ezisenyakatho. I-tusk, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i-unicorns, inguqulo ehlotshisiwe yezinyo. Ngokujwayelekile itholakala emadodeni, kaningi ngakwesokunxele, nakuba atholakale enezintambo ezimbili.

U-Narwhals uphonsa uphondo lwe-polynya, ukuze abesifazane nabantwana abangaphephile bangaphefumula. Ngakho-ke, bahlala njalo emhlambini.

Nokho, izinhlobo eziningizimu zithandwa kakhulu. Isithombe salezi zinyamakazi zihlobisa ama-logos amaningi, ziphindaphinda ngezimboni ezihlukene. Abamele amahlengethwa asezikhungweni ezifudumele badutshulwa kumafilimu, bayathandwa yizivakashi. Futhi lezi zilwane zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.

Zitholakala kunoma yiluphi olwandle ukusuka emaphandleni afaneleko kuya ku-equator. Kodwa edumile kunazo zonke i-Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. Zifinyelela ngamamitha amane ubude, zidla cishe ngamakhilogremu angu-15 ezinhlanzi ngosuku. Kulula ukuqeqesha, okungenabuthi, ngokuphambene, nobungane kakhulu.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamahlengethwa ase-oceanic nolwandle oluseduze ekujuleni komzimba kanye nokukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-oxygen isikhathi eside.

I-World Magic yamaLwandle Olubomvu

Manje sizobe sithinta inyamazane yezilwandle ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zomhlaba wethu. Lona uLwandle Olubomvu. Ibude obude ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga 1150 amakhilomitha, futhi kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu - 580 amakhilomitha. Ukucaca kwamanzi kuleso simo sokujula kwamamitha angamakhulu amabili ayikho isidalwa esisodwa esiphilayo, ngaphandle kwamabhaktheriya anaerobic. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuqhubekayo, phansi, amanzi agcwele kakhulu i-hydrogen sulfide.

Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi ezihlala oLwandle Olubomvu, khetha izendlalelo ezingaphezulu noma ishalofu, lapho izinhlobonhlobo ezingezansi zigxila khona. Lezi zihlanganisa izinkunzi, ukuqhuma nezinye.

Izazi ze-biologists zithi leli chibi lihlala ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezine ezihlukahlukene zezilwane eziphilayo kunaseMedithera. Kulezi, izinhlanzi eziyikhulu namashumi ayisithupha kuphela. Ubumpofu bemfuyo buchazwa hhayi kuphela ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen sulphide, kodwa futhi nangoketshezi oluphansi lwamanzi.

Udrako olwandle, i-sea cat ne-scorpion yizinhlanzi eziyingozi kunazo zonke ezihlala oLwandle Olubomvu. Esikhumbeni nasomsila wabo kunemiphetho enobuthi, ameva namameva. Kulesi samachibi kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zoshaka, ezingabonakali usongo oluthile kubantu. Leli yinja yelwandle (katran) kanye ne-shark cat, efana ne-swordfish, ngezinye izikhathi ingena kwi-Bosporus.

Futhi olwandle olumnyama kukhona i-saumon, i-trout, i-anchovy, i-herring, i-sturgeon nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.

Izinhlanzi ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke zasolwandle

Okulandelayo, sizofunda izakhamuzi ezingavamile kakhulu kolwandle. Zihlukile embala, isakhiwo, indlela yokumba izimayini kanye nezinqubo zokuzivikela. Uyomangala ukuthi isimo semvelo esingenamkhawulo sinjani.

Insika yesibambiso, ngokungangabazeki, ihlala izici zasolwandle olujulile. Isidlali siphila ekujuleni kwesigamu nesigamu ukuya emakhilomitha amathathu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amadoda angama-parasites emzimbeni wesifazane. Zinobukhulu obungamamitha amahlanu, ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu futhi zilinganiselwa ezingamakhilogremu angamashumi amabili.

Isici esiyinhloko le nhlanzi kuyinto amaqhubu ekhethekile emabunzini nge ndlala ekupheleni. Ngaphandle, kufana rod ukudoba, okuyiwona futhi ababizile monkfish izinhlanzi Angler. Ama-bacterium ngensimbi engase ikhiphe ukukhanya, okuyinto izinhlanzi pop-up ukukhonza ukondliwa lokhu umhlaseli.

Eyesibili eziphila olwandle engajwayelekile meshkoglot. Le nhlanzi afika ku amathathu ngamasentimitha. Kepha ongasigwinya isisulu kane kuka ngokwami, kayishumi kuze kube esinzima ngokwengeziwe. ikhono okunjalo kufinyelelwa ngenxa ukungabi khona emaphethelweni nokuba isisu esikhulu nokunwebeka.

Njengomhlaba ummeleli wangaphambilini eziphila olwandle, largemouth umhlatshelo ongasigwinya kunaye. Imininingwane yalolu le nhlanzi wukuthi ekhanda umlomo omkhulu kuyinto eyodwa kwezintathu zomzimba wakhe, lonke ufana umbokwane.

Kukhona futhi esingavamile ngempela inhlanzi ekujuleni kolwandle. Photo izinhlanzi uyadedela ungabona ngezansi. Lesi silwane esingavamile ngesimo jelly. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inyama yayo ezidliwayo futhi olutholakala luzungeze Australia, le zilwane on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Abadobi uyithola ngoba eziyisikhumbuzo.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko thina sikanye nawe, abafundi abathandekayo, wahlangana izakhamuzi ezimbi futhi iyingozi zezilwandle. Sifunda mayelana izinhlobo ezahlukene imikhomo, oshaka namahlengethwa. Futhi wakhuluma ngendlela, kulokho inkululeko kukhona ithuba ukubahlangabeza, kangakanani kungabulala, abanye abantu.