Iyini inhlabathi ye-turf?

Abalimi bezimbali bavame ukubona ukuthi ukutshala izitshalo kunconywa ukuthi basebenzise umhlaba we-sod noma ingxube yayo ngokugcwele. Abantu abahlala eholidini abanokuhlangenwe nakho ngokuvamile bacabanga ukuthi kuyini, kodwa umqondo onjalo oqalayo ungase ube omusha. Namuhla, sizokuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yikuphi umhlaba we-turf, lapho ungayithatha khona, futhi ube nomthelela onjani ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni izitshalo. Uma uqale ukutshala isitshalo, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi kulula ukuthenga isakhiwo esenziwe ngomumo esitolo. Eqinisweni, ukuphekwa emhlabathini inhlanganisela yenhlabathi akufani nalokho oyokuhlinzeka emaphaketheni amahle, okuqala.

Isisekelo se-floriculture

Izingxube zokutshala izitshalo ezifuywayo zingahluka kakhulu ngokubunjwa. Umehluko omkhulu yiyiphi isithako esikuyo. Ukwazi kahle izakhiwo zabo, uthola ithuba lokucabangela izici zomuntu ngamunye wesitshalo ngasinye bese ukhetha inhlabathi abazoyihlakulela ngayo.

Izwe elihlwanyelwe libhekwa njengelona eliyinhloko ekuhlungeni i-floriculture. It isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni iningi inhlanganisela inhlabathi. Izimila zivumelane kahle, zikhula ngokuqinile.

Umehluko kuma-Substrates

Izwe le-sod liyisikhathi lapho kuqondwa khona inhlabathi ehlukahlukene yezitshalo. Ekuboneni kokuqala, mane ususe ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi, oluqukethe i-humus yemifino. Noma kunjalo, amazwe angadini angatholakala ngukubola kwe-sod noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo. I-substrate yokuqala izothinta izakhiwo zomzimba nezomakhemikhali zenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ephumela. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizocubungula izinketho eziningana, kanye namathuba okuhlanganiswa kwazo okuhle phakathi kwabo.

Umhlaba we-Soddy

Icebile kakhulu ezakhiweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo se-potted sizohlinzekwa iminyaka eminingana kusengaphambili, ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo owengeziwe. Itholakala ngokuyinhloko emahlathini nasemadlelweni, kanye namazwe okubola. Isimiso esiyinhloko sokukhethwa kukho kukhona ukutholakala kwe-cereal-clover utshani ezindaweni zokugcina zokuqoqa ze-substrate. Noma kunjalo, akukwazi ukusho ukuthi kunoma yikuphi ukuthi kuzoba okufanayo. Ukuhlukanisa:

• I-sod substratum enamandla, ehlukile ngobumba obuningi;
• Isilinganiso;
• Ukukhanya, lapho kunesihlabathi esikhulu.

Isikhathi sonyaka

Futhi siyaqhubeka siqonda umqondo wezwe le-turf. Kuyini, lapho ungathola khona inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, manje sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe futhi sitshele. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ehlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha isikhathi sokuma utshani obukhulu. Kulesi simo, kubalwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba kubusika i-turf izoba nesikhathi sokubola. Kodwa ukuthola i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Ekuqaleni, i-sod inqunywa ibe yi-strata, ububanzi obuyi-20 cm no-8 cm ubukhulu. Manje kuyadingeka ukuyiphakamisa ngamapilisi, kuze kube ngu-1.5 wamamitha aphezulu. Ukusheshisa ukubola, izendlalelo zihambelana nesisombululo slurry. Enye inkinga ukunciphisa ama-asidi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-lime yengezwe. Ehlobo ezayo udinga ukufakela inqwaba izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Kuphela ezinkathini ezimbili kuzobe sekulungele ukusetshenziswa. Ngonyaka wesibili, ekwindla, kunconywa ukuba udlulise phakathi kwe-rumble bese uyibeka egumbini elivaliwe.

Indawo yokuqoqa

Uyazi kakade lokho umhlaba we-turf, kodwa uqoqwe ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuzohluka kakhulu. Ukuyiduna kuyadingeka kwi-clover, lapho utshani bukhula ikakhulukazi futhi abukho ukudla okungalahleki. Kulula ukuhlola ngokubukeka. I-herbage yonke kufanele ibe yilala eluhlaza, ngaphandle kwe-yellowness namabala, ama-specks namacebiso omile. Uma utshani buphansi emahlathini atholakalayo kuwe, baqala ukuphenduka ophuzi nokomile masinyane, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukuthatha umhlaba lapha. Ubumpofu ezakhiweni.

Indawo yedolobha lidlala indima ebalulekile. Njengoba ungakwazi ukulungisa kuphela i-turf emhlabathini ngqo, khetha izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni eziphansi zamaxhaphozi umhlabathi uzoba okhululekile kakhulu. I-loam yesilinganiso izoba kahle ekubunjweni. I-Sandy loamy turf inamanzi aphezulu kanye ne-airmeability, kodwa ayimpofu emithonjeni, esetshenziselwa ukulima.

I-humus enqabile

Njengoba ungabona, ukulungiswa komhlaba we-sod akulona nzima, ukufinyelela kuphela ukuvula umhlaba we-meadow kuyadingeka. Uma kungekho okufana nalokhu eceleni kwakho, ungazama izingxube ezifanayo, ezibuye ziqondwe kahle ngezitshalo zasekhaya. Manje sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiyiphi indawo engena endaweni ye-sod. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyindawo yeqabunga. Kuyinto evulekile futhi elula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le nsalela iqondiswa kalula ngokuxuba izingxube ezihlukene futhi ukuthola ukubunjwa okulungile. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu etholakala yi-foliar foliar exutshwe nenhlabathi enzima, enomhlabathi. Ngokuvamile, abalimi bezimbali basebenzisa umhlaba weqabunga ohlanganiswe ne-peat nesihlabathi. I-analog yengxube ye-heather ilula, kulula futhi inomsoco.

Umsebenzi wokusebenza

Ngisho nasezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, ungathola kalula indawo yokuvuna umhlaba omile. Uma ungakwazi ukuphuma edolobheni, ungene ehlathini, khona-ke lapha ungathola ama-deposits awo emvelo. Unyaka nonyaka, amaqabunga awela kanye ne-pereprevayut ngaphansi kwezihlahla, okwenza ungqimba olulondayo. Emapaki asezindaweni zasemadolobheni ungakwazi ukuqoqa phakathi nesikhathi seqabunga elimnyama liwela emapaki nasezindadidi. Okufanele kakhulu amaqabunga e-lime ne-maple, izihlahla zezithelo. Kodwa i-willow ne-oki akufanele neze lezi zinhloso.

Amaqabunga aqoqwe noma amaqabunga ehlathini akhiwa emasakeni futhi ahambelana ne-slurry. Kuhlala kuhle ukucubungula inqwaba bese uyishiya kuze kube sehlobo ezayo. Ngenkathi ezayo efudumele, kuzothatha izikhathi eziningana ukukhipha amaqabunga amaqabunga, ukukhipha ama-slurry bese ufaka i-lime. Okusho ukuthi, ikhwalithi yekhwalithi yomhlaba uyothola kuphela ekupheleni kwehlobo lesibili.

Umhlaba womquba

Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa ngama-vacationers, ngakho-ke sizolikhuluma. Umquba umquba we-sod kanye nomhlaba weqabunga. Okuyinhloko yazo yinye - yizona eziyizinhlayiyana zezitshalo eziphilayo. Ikhwalithi yomhlaba womquba ixhomeke kuhlobo lwemfucuza, okungukuthi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Lokhu yisixhumanisi esiphakathi phakathi kwe-turf ne-humus.

Ukuze ukwenze, udinga umgodi womquba, nakuba abanye balimi sebenzisa izinqwaba noma izigcawu. Kuzo ehlobo ukuqoqa zonke izimila zezitshalo nezilwane, ukhula nama-debris, imfucuza yokudla. Njengoba ukuqoqwa kwezinsalela kuthululwa nge-lime futhi kuhambelana ne-slurry, futhi phezulu kuhlanganiswe ne-peat. Ngonyaka wesibili nowesithathu, ubukhulu kumele bubekiwe. Ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu, izwe lilungele ukusetshenziswa. Manje usuvele wazi ukuthi yini i-sod ne-leaf land efana nayo, indlela yokwenza umquba, futhi ungakhetha isisekelo se-substrate zezitshalo zakho zasendlini.

Silungisa ingxube zezitshalo

Ngakho, ngokuphathelene nokufika. Ngokuvamile, laba balimi baqala ukubandakanya entwasahlobo. Ilungiselelwe kusukela enhlabathini ekwindla efudumele, ukukhipha imishanguzo yegciwane lengculazi futhi ilungiselele kuyo i-substrate enhle. Izici eziyinhloko yizi:

• Amandla wamanzi. Umhlabathi kufanele ubambe kalula amanzi. Ungadluli ngokwakho, njengoba kunjalo nangesihlabathi, kodwa ungalibali, njengobumba.
• Amanzi nomoya ukuphelela. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, i-substrate kumele ivuleke ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela emoyeni ezimpandeni.
• Ukudla okunomsoco.
• I-pH level efanelekayo (ngokuvamile engekho ye-acidification).
• Ukuhlanzeka, okungukuthi, ukungabi khona kwezinto ezinobuthi.

Izinga eliphezulu

Ngokuvamile, i-turf yomhlabathi 1: 1 ixubene nento efana ne-sheet humus. Lokhu kulula ukuchaza, ngoba kubhekwa njenge-powder baking. Abanye abatshali batusa ukuba bangeze ngokulingana okufanayo umhlaba kusukela emanzini. Kuyinto evulekile futhi enomsoco, futhi ayinayo izibungu ezinambuzane. I-Humus enye into ebalulekile. Lokhu kuyinqwaba emnyama, ehambisana nendawo, etholakala emquba owenziwe kahle. Iyakondla kakhulu kodwa ngokuvamile iqukethe imbewu yokhula namagciwane, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqoqa ingxube ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

I-Baking Powder

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umoya unomhlabathi omuhle kakhulu, kubalulekile ukugcina ukulinganisa kwe-turf nesihlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi isihlabathi esikhulu kuphela sisetshenziswe. Okungajulile kuzokwenza ukuthi i-substrate ibe mnandi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokwengeza emhlabathini, isihlabathi sihlanza kahle. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugeze wonke uthuli futhi ushiye amatshe amancane adingekayo. Kule fomu, kwengezwa cishe kuzo zonke izingxube zezitshalo zangaphakathi, okuhlinzekwa ngcono kwemoya emoyeni.

Izinto ezengeziwe

I-Sand ayiyona yodwa isakhi esingenawo umthwalo wezakhi, kepha kusadingeka ekukhuleni kwezitshalo nokuthuthukiswa.

• Izimpande zivame ukufaka i-vermiculite, i-perlite, i-polystyrene, ubumba obwandisiwe nokunye okunjalo. Konke kudingekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zamanzi ze-substrate.
• I-Moss iphinde isetshenziselwe ukulungiselela i-substrate ezoba yindawo efanele izitshalo zasendlini. Ngokuvamise ukusetshenziselwa i-moss-sphagnum, eyenza inhlabathi ibe mkhulu.
• Amalahle - ayisetshenziselwa zonke izingxube zomhlabathi, kodwa ikakhulukazi kulabo abangabekezeli amanzi namanzi amaningi.

Izincomo zokulungiselela i-substrate

Ezincwadini ezikhethekile ngokuvamile kuboniswa ukuthi iyiphi inhlanganisela yomhlabathi yesitshalo esithile okufanele ibe. Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele aqonde ukuthi ngisho nezwe le-turf, elilungiselelwe ezindaweni ezihlukene endaweni efanayo, lizoba nekhwalithi ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, uhlala kuphela ukuze ugcine ngokucophelela futhi ushintshe inani lezingxenye. Ngakho, lapho ulungiselela ama-substrates, ungabhekana nezinkinga eziningana:

• Umhlaba unomdlandla futhi unomanzi, awumile isikhathi eside. Kule nkinga, engeza isanti noma enye impahla ye-inert.
• Ingxube ilula kakhulu, amanzi asheshe adlula kuwo. Kulokhu, udinga ukwandisa inani le-turf land.
• Umhlaba uhle, kodwa awunomsoco. Ishidi le-humus lizosiza.
• I-substrate iyadingeka ukuze isetshenziswe izithombo. Kulesi simo, udinga ukwandisa inani lomhlabathi.

Ama-substrates alungile

Namuhla zingatholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile. Noma kunjalo, ungathembi konke okulotshwe kuphakheji. Bheka kuqala ukwaziswa mayelana nomkhiqizi, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabalimi nabaflorisi. Akuyona into engafanele ukufunda ulwazi olugcwele mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye inhlanganisela eyakhiwe nokuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezihloswe ngazo. Okuqukethwe kwezakhi kuzokutshela amateur encane, kuzo zonke izibalo ongakhokha kuphela izinga le-pH, akufanele libe ngaphezulu kukayisithupha.