Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy - umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela Engxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy, umculi we nengxenye kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, wehlela emlandweni njengoba umsunguli yasekhaya Umdwebo umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela umkhuba art. Yena ngenkuthalo eba izimiso of ngokoqobo ezibucayi emsebenzini wakhe, kanye izihloko theory yobuciko. Abaningi imidwebo yakhe baziwa zabuna yokudweba Russian. Umbhali wayeyingcweti ekumeni, zomlando izigcawu uhlobo.

i-curriculum vitae

Kramskoy, umculi, ezazidume ngokutshala imidwebo yakhe enengqondo, wazalwa ngo-1837 e sifundazwe Voronezh ekilasini umndeni phakathi. Wathweswa iziqu ostrogorzhskoe esikoleni sangempela, kodwa ngenxa yobumpofu umndeni wayengabuzi wakwazi ukuqhubeka nesikole zabo esikoleni esiphakeme. Ukusebenza Duma lendawo, waba nesithakazelo isithombe retouching. Ngokushesha, uthisha wakhe kwakungu M. Tulin owafundisa kuye izinto eziyisisekelo umdwebo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva Kramskoy, umculi waziwa kakhulu ekumeni kwakhe, wathuthela Petersburg, lapho aqala khona inkonzo yakhe ethelayo kwezobuciko, okuyinto waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ukufa okuzumayo ngo-1887.

Isifundo esikoleni

Ngo-1857, waba umfundi ka Academician Markov, ngubani ezikhethekile Umdwebo zomlando. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe wathola izindondo eziningi for imidwebo kokubili yakhe futhi amakhophi imidwebo ngamanye abaculi izindikimba zenkolo. A indondo yegolide elincane umdwebi odumile esizayo wathola umdwebo anikezelwe izifundo zeBhayibheli.

Ukuze umculi isihloko nge ilungelo lokuthola impesheni isimo kwadingeka avume umsebenzi mncintiswano ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo le milando zaseScandinavia. Nokho, Kramskoy, umculi, ukulwela umfanekiso ongokoqobo ngokulinganiselwa imicimbi kanye nenkululeko creative, kanye nabanye abafundi nantathu waphendukela Academy of Management nge isicelo sokususa kubo kumqhudelwano asekele nesifiso salo ukuthi bafuna ukubhala ngezihloko ukuthi zona ngokwazo uthanda. Ngemva kwalokho abadwebi abasha usethe igenge yabo kwezobuciko, Nokho, okuyinto, sathatha isikhathi esifushane, ngoba amalungu ayo ngokushesha banquma ukuthuthela okuqukethwe isimo.

"Peredvizhniki"

Painter Kramskoy, ogama imidwebo kakade esikhathini ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe iye yaba isenzakalo yisakhiwo sodumo empilweni yamasiko zombuso, waba omunye abagqugquzeli kanye inspirers ngemibono ale nhlangano. Amalungu ayo bavikela izimiso of ngokoqobo 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, isikhundla asebenzayo zenhlalo nezomphakathi abaculi. Encwadini yakhe ethi, umlobi bavikela izimiso of ngokoqobo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi lo mdwebo akumele kuphela obuphathekayo, kodwa futhi ncazelo zokuziphatha futhi ezemfundo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi isebenza ikakhulukazi okukhulu wafaka.

Esikhathini 1870s, umlobi kudala lonke uchungechunge ekumeni emangalisayo ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe adumile: Uyabhala umfanekiso UTolstoy, Nekrasov, Shishkin, Tretyakov nabanye. Kulolu chungechunge, endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala isithombe umculi Kramskoy adalwe kuye e-1867. Lokhu web has ngezinga eliphezulu okwangempela njengoba kwenza bonke abanye umsebenzi wakhe isikhathi.

Portrait of UNikolai Nekrasov

ekumeni Abaningi umbhali zibhaliwe isitayela uhlobo imidwebo. Kuboniswe kubo ethulwa abantu isinyathelo, ngakho imidwebo yini izigcawu kusukela ukuphila nendlela yawo yokuphila.

Isibonelo umsebenzi odumile umculi, "Nekrasov phakathi" Izingoma zokugcina "," ngonyaka 1877-1878. Kulesi imidwebo, umdwebi ebekwe ukukhombisa imbongi edumile emsebenzini esikhathini bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe. Ngokujwayelekile, umsebenzi umculi kwafeza indima ebalulekile isihloko nakho komuntu engqondo, umzabalazo kwakhe kanye nokufa njengenkosi, noma yimuphi ukushaqeka. Esikhathini imisebenzi amakhosi leto tifundvo babengenalo ubukhulu kwezenhlalo, njengoba ngemisebenzi nezinye abadwebi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi wabonisa elwa umoya nalesi sifo futhi kakhulu kakhulu ephethwe ukuwudlulisela lo mbono esithombeni ngenhla.

ekumeni zabesifazane

Mhlawumbe umsebenzi edume kunazo master - ". I Stranger" yokudweba Umculi Kramskoy kugcizelelwe ubuhle wakhe oyisibonelo. Wagcizelela ukuthi kuyinto ozinikezele ezisemadolobheni, ngakho ngokucophelela ngaphambilini ukubukeka kwakhe: icebile noboya coat, flirty umnqwazo imigexo emihle kanye izindwangu.

Indlela yokuthi ngemuva kule imidwebo kubaluleke kancane: linikezwa lalithe ngci yinkungu, njengoba umlobi we zonke siyinake igxile wentombi nenhle. Yena wayethanda kakhulu ukudweba ekumeni umdwebi Ivan Kramskoy. imidwebo kombhali kukhona isimo ezahlukene.

Uma owesifazane esithombeni ngenhla kubonisa ukuma uyaziqhenya unethemba, imodeli ku-canvas "Ntombazane nge scythe wakhe," ngokuphambene okuboniswe nzima, okwamanje kumzwise ngisho nobuhlungu lapho wayebonakala ngakushiya bonke abanye futhi akufaneleki ngokuphelele kulo lonke uzicabangela wena. Ngakho-ke, ubuso bakhe, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ukubukeka yomfokazi, eveza ukucabangela kanzulu ezijulile, ukudabuka nosizi ukukhanya.

"Usizi lusizi"

Lesi sithombe zaveza ngo-1884, liphefumulelwe usizi umculi komuntu siqu, owashonelwa yindodana yakhe. Ngakho-ke, njengoba owesifazane, kuboniswe ingubo ukulila, siqonde izici ngomfazi umlobi.

Le Umdwebo kuyehluka kuneminye imisebenzi nombhali ukuthi uphelelwa yithemba, kulo benamandla. Maphakathi canvas sikhombisa nowesifazane oseqinile ingubo emnyama. Kusobala eduze ibhokisi egcwele izimbali. lusizi sivezwe hhayi isikhundla, okuyinto kungokwemvelo, ngisho mahhala, futhi amehlo akhe ezihambayo izandla zakhe, okuyinto yena ngazo iduku emlonyeni wakhe. Le Umdwebo kungenzeka omunye eziqine umculi kanye art Russian ngokuvamile.