Isiqu amaseli - kuyini? umphumela zabo emzimbeni

Ngosuku sikhunjulwe ehlobo 1909, lapho histologist Russian Alexander Maksimov owaqamba igama elithi "ekunqandeni amaseli" bengayeki mpikiswano ngazo. Ososayensi unyaka ngamunye embule izimfihlo zabo, ukuthi yakha puzzle entsha.

amaseli Ngakho sstvolovye. Kuyini - panacea for zonke izifo noma usuke eduke enkulu kunazo zonke izingqondo best isayensi yezokwelapha? Animal ucwaningo ukukhombisa ukuthi usebenzisa lezi isimangaliso amaseli ekwelapheni izimila ebulalayo, ukuvuvukala emalungeni, isifo sesibindi, inhliziyo futhi isisu. Uhlu amadolobha aseRussia, lapho ukusetshenziswa indlela enjalo lesichubekako, agcwaliswa futhi Orenburg. Stem cells lapha elasetshenziselwa ekwelapheni amalunga omzimba. Kodwa kukhona ososayensi abenza ngokuqapha kakhulu uzwakalise mayelana nokusetshenziswa stem cells ezingeni samanje ulwazi nemiphumela yabo emzimbeni futhi babanike ukwelapha labo ungenalo elinye ithuba ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe kuphela.

Isiqu amaseli: ukuthi kuyini

Kakade izingane ziyazi ukuthi eziphilayo, kungaba umuntu, isilwane noma isitshalo, kuvela ngemuva kokuhlangana lwegciwane amaseli owesilisa nowesifazane. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa i-zygote is. Lesi sakhiwo diploid kokuba onazo wama-chromosomes futhi isishiya ngokuphelele yimuphi amaseli. Imigomo eminingi elula zygote - indalo esiyingqayizivele zemvelo, kuyiphi indlela ngaphandle kwesizathu eside ukuba isayensi zonke lezi zinto ziyingxenye izidumbu eziphilayo. Kuyacaca ukuthi zygote ngoba lokhu ukwakha eziningi cell izakhiwo zonke izitho ngokwanele. Ngo ezincelisayo, uqala ukuba bahlukanise ngosuku emva lasungulwa. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ezincane 2 "indodakazi-zigotki" 100% ezifanayo "kumama-zygote" yabo. Ngemva olunye usuku nengxenye "indodakazi" futhi ihlukaniswe kabili, ukwakha kakade 4 twins - "umzukulu" athele. Lwathi luphela usuku 5th amaseli angaba ngu-30-embryo yoke, amakhophi esiqondile zygote yokuqala, ingaphansi izikhathi eziningana nje kuka lingakanani. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi blastomeres. Kulesi sigaba, DNA namaprotheni kuzo ngenkuthalo kwemiqondo, kodwa isakhi sofuzo ayikenziwa isebenze, futhi nuclei of umbhalo is hhayi lwenziwa, okungukuthi, aziyi abonisa ukungavuthwa. Sithemba, thina zichazwe ngokucacile kakhulu, ama-stem cell, kuyini. Nehaba, ungabiza kubo nje ukuhlolwa, nokuthi uyosibumba bemvelo, imikhono, imilente noma inhliziyo futhi isibindi, akekho owaziyo. Stem cells samanje emzimbeni, hhayi kuphela e-izigaba sokuqala nentuthuko yabo, kodwa futhi uma zonke izitho kakade lusebenze ngokugcwele ukuma, okungukuthi, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila. Bayadingeka ukuze izicubu ukukhanda emva ukulimala, kuphela asebekhulile stem cells lingaphansi mayelana 50 izikhathi kunaleyo abasha. Bonke babe izakhiwo ezimbili - ikhono self-ukuvuselela bese ukuhlukanisa ngaphandle ikhono ukukhiqiza amaseli akhethekile kakhulu.

Embryonic stem cells, ukuthi iyini

Esifushanisiwe njengoba bebizwa ESC. Basuke, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, akhiwa umbungu zygote bese bakha mass yeselula ku esigabeni sokuqala kakhulu sokuphila kwayo. Bonke bangabangasokile pluripotent, okusho zingaba noma iyiphi iseli umzimba. Isici esibalulekile salo le ESC ngukutsi ungakabi bakwazi ukukhiqiza antigen ukuthi banesibopho izicubu kwedivayisi. Ngamunye wethu isethi ngabanye antigen, okuholela non-ukuqashelwa donor sika-stem cell kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni lomuntu ababashisela ephathwa ngayo. Njengoba ESCs le nkinga incane, ngakho-ke ezihlongozwayo ukusebenzisa phakathi nezinqubo zokwelapha, isib, ukwelapha emalungeni ekunqandeni amaseli. Nokho, amagundane zokuhlola immunosuppressed ababekwa utshalwe ESC waphawula ukubukeka izimila ebulalayo. Ngakho, impendulo ngqo, kwenzekani emzimbeni nezinhlelo human emva isingeniso kwezitho zawo ESC, kuze kube manje. Ububi-embryonic stem cells sesibili siwukuthi embryo ibizwa Kushone ukususwa kwabo, ngakho impahla autologous ngeke kutholakale, kuphela ukunikela.

Kwengane stem cells, noma CSF

Le nto eyatholakala kusukela izingxenye fetus emva isisu uma ingane ekhulayo akuyona amasonto angaphezu kuka-12. Ngalesi sikhathi original stem cells, noma blastomeres kakade yanquma on ikusasa labo esizayo futhi aqala ukuzihlukanisa. Okungukuthi, baye sivele sidlulile inombolo ethile ukwahlukana. sici yabo yesibili wukuthi kusukela FGC angeke senze kwamaseli esidingekayo, futhi into eyodwa kuphela, isibonelo, izicubu izinhlaka isimiso sezinzwa, noma zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi noma osteochondral. Lona inzuzo yabo enkulu, ngoba odokotela zinendlela begxile kakhulu uzisebenzise futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yezinkinga. Kusekelwe lezi zimiso, isibonelo, ukwelapha arthrosis by stem cells. ERussia, Kulesigaba indlela yokuhlola senzeka, njengoba FSK babe ezithile. Baphetha ngokuthi amaseli fetus kungenzeka ukuthi kakade-hepatitis amagciwane, ingculaza, Mycoplasma, nabanye. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezinjalo kumele badingeke abizayo inhlolovo eyengeziwe kanye nokulungisa imishini ekhethekile. Inkinga sesibili endabeni yokusebenzisa kahle kubo umbuzo lomthetho kumele njalo okuvunyelwene ngaso.

Nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana stem cells, noma i-PUK

Umqondo "nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana" lisho ukuthi "ngemva kokuzalwa", okungukuthi, kuyo yonke impilo yomuntu. Kukholakala ukuthi kulesi sigaba akukho izinga stem cells, kodwa noma kunjalo kukhona, ngisho nakubantu asebekhule, kodwa abe potency ongaphakeme (engaba). Kodwa ingasetshenziswa nge ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu kanye nokuphepha, njengoba CPM kukhona autologous, hhayi abanikeli. Ukuthatha lokhu njengesisekelo, saqala ukwelashwa nge-stem cell e Orenburg kanye neminye imitholampilo abaqhuba yokwelapha ezinjalo. It itholakala lokuthi ukuthi wokubhoboza nesineke ethathwa umnkantsha siqu stem cells yayo endaweni yokucwaninga e apparatuses ekhethekile kusebenze kubo etshalwa ukuba inani elidingekayo udla ku ibutho lawo. umzimba stem yakhe amaseli lapho siqondiswa ukuba umonakalo sitho, qala inqubo yokutakula. Imiraro indlela ezimbili:

1. Ungalokothi alwaziwa, izivikeli mzimba nizozenqaba bomdabu ama-stem cell yabo noma izimpawu.

2. Akekho owaziyo ngempela ukuthi kwenzekani nge-stem cell ezikhishwe imvelo yabo ajwayelekile (umnkantsha), nokuthi bayashintsha ngesikhathi ukukhula endaweni yokucwaninga.

Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, siye ubusengakehliswa 100% iziqiniseko of ososayensi owayengifundela ucwaningo iziguli osteoarthritis we ukufakelwa CPM edolobheni efana Orenburg. Stem cells, ngokombono wabo, kuba impumelelo kumnandi kwezokwelapha, kodwa ngisho abazi wafunda ngokugcwele.

Izinhlobo amaseli nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana

Sithole ukuthi yonke ESCs kukhona jikelele, okungukuthi, kungaba yinoma yini. FGC acace kakhudlwana, kodwa ingasetshenziswa ukwakha izinhlaka ezahlukene kuso sonke isimiso sezwe, isibonelo, kwemizwa. A-PUK ezincane kunazo zonke-patent, yileyo umahluko kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ezifana izinhlobo amaseli :

- hematopoietic, noma GSK;

-multipotentnye mesenchymal stromal noma MMSC;

- izicubu eqondene;

- amaseli kusuka enkabeni intambo igazi.

GSK etholwe kuzo zonke lymphocyte, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, izinhlayiya zegazi nezinye egazi.

Indima izicubu sikakhokho ethize (esandulele) ekunqandeni cell esikhundleni in ezivamile isitho izicubu amaseli, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ushonile. sici yabo esiwuphawu - inombolo ngokuqinile egxilile ukuhlukana, ukuze abazi awuxhomekile weqiniso stem cells.

The kungenzeka ukuphathwa non-kuhlinzwa amalunga

Kwatholakala ukuthi ITCs ngenxa ukwehlukana olunye babe osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes. Uphenyo kule traumatologist isiqondiso orthopaedist okhazinyulisiwe idolobha Russian of Orenburg. Ukwelashwa osteoarthritis lwama-stem cell MMSC ababenakho iziguli ababengakwazi ukuhamba, kuyindaba engathí sina kangaka e nezihlanganiso zazo kwabhujiswa. Stem cells ezathathwa nezicubu adipose salezi ziguli, ke impahla ngaphansi kwezimo oyinyumba ibekwe endaweni ekhethekile, lapho emasontweni amabili esekhulile oyifunayo cell hlobo. Ngaphambi ukwethulwa ekwakhiweni okuholela iziguli zakhe ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngoba khona kwamagciwane ahlukahlukene. Okwamanje, bonke labo lidlule ukwelashwa okunjalo, azizwa kahle, futhi izimpawu osteoarthritis beye bancipha kakhulu. Kodwa, odokotela bathi, ngaphambi iziphetho yokugcina zisekhona kuze kufike kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe ukuze ubone ukuthi izinto kwakumelwe ihlolwe in iziguli ingakapheli iminyaka emibili. Kuze kube manje, kuphela experiment yimpumelelo lokuqala eRussia, umsebenzi eyenziwa angabhekwa Orenburg. Stem cells arthrosis, samathambo, kanye nezinye izifo hemarthrosis (uma waqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu) kuphela okuzosala "aphathe" abantu ngaphandle ukufakwa ezibizayo, okuqhubekayo kuphila ngemva endoprosthesis kahle ukuthi ngeke kususe weziguli ezivela imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima. Esinye isici esibangela ukusetshenziswa ITCs - kwamangqamuzana yabo ku myocytes ukuze kabusha kwemisipha izicubu.

intambo igazi

Ngokwezibalo, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abasemhlabeni wonke e elithile noma ngenye indlela isifo wamshaya arthrosis ngokuhlanganyela. Stem cells MMSC, mhlawumbe izinkulungwane zabantu uyonika injabulo kobuhlungu ukunyakaza lula, abaningi babo uzobuya ukusebenza. Thola lezi ITCs hhayi kuphela ethanjeni nezicubu adipose, kodwa futhi kusukela enkabeni intambo igazi. ucingo yenziwa emva kokuzalwa futhi enkabeni intambo Ligation. Indaba okuholela is etholwe ngu-80 ml. umphumela okusezingeni eliphezulu Ikakhulukazi zokwelapha unika milisa, okubandakanya ngokuhlanganyela intambo igazi umnkantsha. Ngaphezu osteoarthritis, ngokusho kodokotela, leli gazi singasetshenziswa at izifo ezingaphezu kuka-70, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza. High amathemba abacwaningi ekusetshenzisweni enkabeni intambo igazi aid ngempumelelo kwezinye izindlela izifo ezingelapheki ezinganeni, isibonelo, wegazi, Sarcoma, umdlavuza zobuchopho. Ubani kwenziwe elandelayo ukuziphatha stem cells kusukela enkabeni intambo igazi lapho zaphathwa iziguli bayasangana,-cerebral palsy, isifo i-Parkinson futhi Alzheimer. Le nto eqoqwe futhi agcinwe ezigcina igazi ezibhekene nayo. Ziyakwazi kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye.

Plant stem cells

Zonke izitshalo, ngoba kukhona izinhlelo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi futhi babe ama-stem cell, okuyinto basuke bagxila callus, e izithombo, ngo izinso, e amahlumela amasha. Lezi zifundo yayiqhutshelwa ne ginseng, Edelweiss, rose, Gardenia, nezinye izitshalo. Kodwa imiphumela emihle kakhulu wabonisa ama-stem cell noma amagilebhisi ansomi Amur. Esikhathini legatsha Far Eastern of Russian Academy of Sciences yathola ukuthi zisiza ukwelapha isifo sokusha kwesibindi, futhi ososayensi kusukela eCrimea batholé ukuthi isitshalo, ikakhulukazi yamagilebhisi, ekunqandeni amaseli ingasetshenziswa wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza. isithakazelo esikhulu ezindabeni resveratrol izidakamizwa, ekuqaleni elatholakala iwayini French abomvu, bese kutholakala amagilebhisi stem cells. It is a ithuluzi igunya ekulweni intsha isikhumba nomzimba. Lokhu kwatholakala wasebenzisa Abadali anti-ukuguga ukhilimu "Libriderm". Stem cells etholwe ngamagilebhisi hhayi kuphela nomthelela imibimbi futhi isikhumba nokuwohloka isusiwe, kodwa okukhulu moisturize, wenze soft, mnene, avikelwe. Abesifazane abaye bazama "Libriderm" Ukukhululwa anakho izinzuzo ezinjalo:

- ukuthungwa obucayi;

- singasebenza kalula emzimbeni;

- akusho baxabane nomzimba;

- ke moisturizes isikhumba cishe usuku lonke;

- aqede ukucasuka.

Angizange like it in ukhilimu, amanani aphezulu kanye nokuntuleka esidlule ngenyanga ukusetshenziswa rejuvenation abalulekile.

Medicine kusukela stem cells ngezandla zabo

Kukholakala ukuthi ekunqandeni amaseli othathwe izitshalo, kakhulu ukubuyeka esiyingozi kunalawo ethathwe abantu noma izilwane, njengoba babe ulwazi ngaphansi zofuzo ungenalo elinamandla kangako, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, imiphumela ezingalindelekile. Nokho, bona, ikakhulukazi uma iqondiswa ngomjovo, kungabangela imiphumela engathandeki. Kodwa uhlelo lokusebenza olungaphandle, ngokuvumelana isisebenzi eMoscow State University. E. Rodimin University, kuphela okuhle. Lize inikeza iresiphi ukwenza ekhaya ukhilimu, i-stem cell okuzokwenza ukufeza umsebenzi ukuze ngithuthukise isimo sakhe isikhumba ebusweni.

I impahla eluhlaza kungenzeka nemiqumbe futhi amahlumela amasha yamagilebhisi, kodwa kungcono ukusika nemivini cuttings ukwandisa callus yabo. Ngenxa yalesi sprig ibekwe emanzini uthathe usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili bese kususwa, zihambisana ngendwangu wetted ngamanzi (iyatholakala ku iphepha ezimanzi), khona-ke esikhwameni ngepulasitiki abese efakwa endaweni efudumele. Callus wabonakala ahlukaniswe, omile futhi ugaye. Ngaphezu kwalokho spoon amaslayidi (yokudlela) uthele inqwaba (100g) vodka futhi sokunika izinsuku ezingu-7. Nemiqumbe futhi amahlumela ngamagilebhisi alifakwa izinto ukubeka phansi esitsheni futhi uthele vodka, futhi. I ukumnika kwaphumela ungeze siphelile ukhilimu okungezona okunamafutha, isibonelo, Aloe vera uhlanganise kahle. Ukuthatha izindlela kungaba ngaphakathi wengeza amaconsi ambalwa, isiphungo ayo.

Izibuyekezo Ochwepheshe

injabulo Huge okubangelwa stem cells emhlabeni wonke. Izibuyekezo lodokotela ukuthi bayisebenzisa impikiswano kakhulu.

imiphumela emihle:

-uchenye Harvard wathola indlela ngokukhiqiza eyenga pluripotent SC, okuyinto acabangele izici ngamunye eziphilayo;

- abacwaningi Japanese kusukela UK usukhulile, avundiswa ova amagundane bese umntwana ophile;

- Kyoto Institute of CK ephakanyiswe gametes izicubu, izinso kanye nezindlala adrenal;

- at University of Maastricht wadala izinkomo SC inyama ezisebenzisekayo.

Imiphumela Negative:

- ososayensi ezimele ucwaningo e-USA ne-Spain wathola ukuthi ESC kanye CPM ne kokuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle imvelo yabo ngaphambi kokuba busuka umzimba lesiguli kubangele izimila abulalayo;

- ososayensi Danish baye bathola ukuthi ngemva kokuhlukana 60 e-UK iqala ukukhiqiza i-telomerase, ukuguqula la mangqamuzana ku amangqamuzana omdlavuza;

- Uprofesa German Stark isiqiniseko sokuthi ekwelapheni potency besilisa stem cells - kuyinto nodokotela-mbumbulu, njengoba engekho experiment abubonise mphumela.

Isiphetho: amaseli stem zigcinwa amakhulu izimfihlo, kodwa abamphatha lifana ukumpontshelwa igazi ngaphambi kokuba itholakale ukuthi sineqembu eziningana. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, mhlawumbe ekunqandeni amangqamuzana ngomlingo ukwelapha "kuzo zonke." Kuze kube yimanje, futhi sisebenze ososayensi emhlabeni jikelele.