Alexander Golovanov: Biography nesithombe

Alexander Golovanov - eyaziwa yasekhaya umkhuzi wezempi owakhonza ebuthweni laseSoviet. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, wahola eSoviet yesikhathi eside izindiza, kanye 18th Air Army. Ngemva kwempi, wamiswa ukuba ahole lonke imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza wase-USSR. Ngo-1944 wakhushulelwa uMphathi Air Marshal. Emlandweni Workers 'futhi Abalimi' iRed Army waba marshal omncane.

Ebuntwaneni kanye nentsha umshayeli esizayo

Alexander Golovanov wazalwa ngo-1904. Yazalwa ngo-uMbuso Russian edolobheni elikhulu - Nizhniy Novgorod. Abazali bakhe abahlala owaziwa komuzi. Umama - opera umculi noyise - induna umkhumbi yokudonsa. Alexander Golovanov engu-8 ubudala ukufunda Alexander ubusosha Corps. Ngakho njengoba ingane, kwanqunywa ukuthi wayeyoba wezempi esikhathini esizayo.

IRed Guards wangena iqhawe kwalesi sihloko, uma ngisanda kweva eshumini nambili. Ngo-October 1917, eneminyaka engu-13 kuphela ubudala. Nokho, ngokuvumelana izimpawu zangaphandle wanikwa okuningi. Wabuka zonke 16, kanye nokukhula kwaba ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili.

Ngemva impumelelo ka-October Revolution lenzelwa amandla Soviet. Kakade ngo-1918, waqala baziphilise. iminyaka Alexander Golovanov Molde, wayosebenza ihhovisi courier "Profsohleb", wahlelwa Ukudla Commissariat.

Ukuhlanganyela kulwiwa

Wathatha iqhaza neMpi, u-Alexander Golovanov Civil. Ayeyabelwé isithunywa ku 59th Infantry Regiment, owakhonza combat ohambweni ngezihluthu eningizimu. Kwenye yezimpi efika abangele ukulimala ebuchosheni.

Demobilized kuphela ngo-1920. Golovanov Aleksandr babenqume kakade ukuthi umphakathi wawungewona kuye. Ngakho ngangena okuthiwa Chung. Lena yingxenye injongo ekhethekile. Njengoba sekuzoqala USSR nabizelwa abezempi lamaKhomanisi ezazikhona ngaleso amaseli ezihlukahlukene party. Umsebenzi wabo Bekufuze athwale komsebenzi unogada ezikhungweni ezibucayi, ngazo zonke izindlela ukusiza uhulumeni wamaSoviet emzabalazweni esiphikisayo revolution.

Ekuqaleni Chun ezinhlwini kwamiswa nje wamalungu Party kanye ukhetho beqembu. Nokho, ngo-1920, lapho Chung wajoyina Golovanov Aleksandr, lapho baqala ukuthatha asebenzayo amalungu Komsomol ngisho non-party.

Kulokhu, kuthiwani ubunjalo athikili yethu ku imibhalo esemthethweni yaziwa, kancane ephikisana isandla sakhe ukuba babhale incwadi. Esikhathini yokugcina awuphathwa nakuphathwa mayelana inkonzo e Chon. Alexander Golovanov, isithombe okuyinto kulesi sihloko, uthi kuleyo minyaka wasebenza abaphathi ukunikezela iRed Army futhi Navy kokuthunyelwe courier.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo emsebenzini wakhe - e Tsentropechat ejenti, bese handyman ku ugodo elintantayo ku "Volgosudstroy" ibhizinisi. Kamuva bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye ejenti kanye ngogesi e-yesihlanu Volzhsky eshalofini GPU, eyayisekelwe emzini wakubo - Nizhniy Novgorod.

Service OGPU

Ngo-1924 yena wajoyina OGPU Golovanov Aleksandr Evgenevich. Biography of the hero kwalesi sihloko seyixhunyaniswe kulomzimba iminyaka 9 esilandelayo.

Decrypts GPU ngokuthi "United State Political Administration," siqhutshwa ngesikhathi uMkhandlu Yabantu Commissars. It yasungulwa ngo-1923 ngesisekelo the NKVD.

Eminyakeni yokuqala ye OGPU kwaholela uFeliksi Dzerzhinsky, futhi kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1934 - Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Halavanau wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokusebenza kanye wasebenza eminyangweni ekhethekile. Ngaya ekubeni ugunyaziwe inhloko yomnyango.

Yena iqhaza kabili ezikude yebhizinisi eChina. Ikakhulukazi, esifundazweni Xinjiang. Ekuqaleni le 30s. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama-ke waba ilungu Zonke-Union iCommunist Party of amaBolshevik.

Ukuboshwa Savinkov

Ikhasi bhá umsebenzi wakhe-GPU ngagxila ekubopheni Borisa Savinkova. Lona omunye abaholi Russian Social abavukeli, a iWhite Guard. Iphekula kanye izinguquko.

Ngemva inguquko wobunxiwankulu ka-February 1917, wakhushulelwa uKhomishani Yesikhashana kaHulumeni. Ngo-August, phezu okuvela Kornilov ku Petrograd waba umbusi lempi edolobheni. Jikelele ezihlongozwayo ukulalela lo Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, kodwa ekugcineni wavuma yokwehluleka kwakhe.

Okthoba Revolution akusekelwe. Waba khona ngxabano amaBolshevik, bakha ibutho sokuzithandela phezu Don, asekelwe Denikin. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho bathutha lizwe, bezama ukumisa uxhumano isizwe, kodwa ekugcineni awela bahlukaniswe ngokuphelele zezombusazwe.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukuba kubulawe futhi limelene namaSoviet komhlaba savinkovskogo OGPU lwenteke ngoba "Hlanganisa-2". Ngo wakhe futhi iqhaza Golovanov. Ngo-August 1924 Savinkov efika ngasese eSoviet Union, coaxed operatives.

Wabamba e Minsk aboshwe. Ngezinye Savinkov enkantolo udliwe ukunqotshwa ekulweni kokubusa kweSoviet futhi wokugoqa kwezifiso zawo siqu. Wagwetshwa ukufa, lesi sigwebo ngokushesha mitigated ngokufaka esikhundleni a ejele eneminyaka engu-10.

Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, ngo-1925, ubaba wazibulala ngokuziphonsa ngefasitela phansi yesihlanu. Ikamelo lapho sathathwa ngemibuzo, kwakungekho nemigoqo emafasiteleni. Kukhona inguqulo ehlukile, owawuthi wabulawa yi-OGPU. Ikakhulukazi, ubeka Alexander uSolzhenitsyn e inoveli yakhe "The Gulag Archipelago."

Golovanov - pilot ezisetshenziswa umphakathi

Ngo-1931, Golovanova Aleksandra Evgenevicha ngabelwa Yabantu Commissar ka Heavy Imboni, lapho yena waba sikanobhala omkhulu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola ubungcweti bezindiza. Wathweswa iziqu eSikoleni Osoaviahima (Analogue of DOSAAF yesimanje).

Ngo-1933 wathatha umsebenzi "Aeroflot". Waqala kanjalo-ke umoya wakhe umsebenzi. Kuze ekuqaleni ngxabano abahlaseli amaNazi, wahamba ngebhanoyi ezindizeni civil. Wayesebenza nendlela yakhe wenyuka esuka somshayeli abavamile ukuba Inhloko yoMnyango kanye, ekugcineni, umshayeli oyinhloko.

Isehlakalo esibaluleke kakhulu endimeni umsebenzi wakhe kwaba ngo-1935 lapho Golovanov nguye oqokwe ukuthi ahole i-East laseSiberia uMnyango Civil Air Fleet. Yayisekelwe e-Irkutsk. Alexander Golovanov uyakhile nge-career kwi- civil aviation.

Ngo-1937, ngesikhathi ekuqothulweni phakathi amaKhomanisi, Golovanov axoshwe party. Nokho, wakwazi ukugwema ukuboshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waya eMoscow, njengalokho eshilo, - ". Ukufuna iqiniso" Futhi waphumelela. Metropolitan Commission lokulawula party, banquma ukuthi ukukhishwa kwakhe kwakuyiphutha. Nokho, e-Irkutsk, akazange abuye kakade waqala. Wasala eMoscow kokuthunyelwe umshayeli. Wenza kahle enhloko-dolobha. Ngemva kwesikhashana Golovanov iye njengelinye lamazwe pilot engcono of civil aviation wezwe, owayeyinhloko umshayeli isigaba injongo ekhethekile.

Ngo-1938, iqhawe lethu sihloko zakha umlando enviable. indiza yakhe nakho Imininingwane zaba esigidini amakhilomitha. Amaphephandaba iSoviet iqale ukubhala ngakho njengendlela "umshayeli-usozimali." Ngenxa yalesi wayengaphuli yaklonyeliswa "Excellence Aeroflot". Futhi zonke izindiza zawo zazilotshiwe elingenazinkinga, ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku, lapho umuntu eqala nje anqobe wezasemoyeni, kwaba impumelelo enkulu. Kuba indoda ethandwa ngempela kuleli zwe. isithombe sakhe ngisho ishicilelwe isembozo salo magazini "Ogonyok".

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Experience iqhaza ezingxabanweni Golovanov wathola ngaphambi abahlaseli German undlovukayiphikiswa ehlasela iSoviet Union. Ngo-1939 waba nengxenye izimpi ngesikhathi Khalkhin-. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa engashongo wendawo zinqobe, olwadonsa izinyanga eziningana endaweni Mongolia. It iqhaza kulolu hlangothi, amabutho aseSoviet amaMongol, kanye nezinye - uMbuso of Japan.

Ingxabano yaphela nge ukunqotshwa okuphelele besigaba Japanese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Soviet Union Japan banemibono eyahlukene lezi zenzakalo. Uma historiography likazwelonke ekukhulunywe ngalo njengoba empini wendawo, amaJapane uwakhulume njengoba yempi yesibili Russian-Japanese.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, Golovanov waya phambi kwempi Soviet-Finnish. Le mpi yathatha engaphansana nje kwengu-izinyanga eziyisithupha. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi eSoviet Union osolwa Finland amabhomu. Ngakho-ke, uMkhandlu sola ngokugcwele lwa ezweni zaseScandinavia. Umphumela waba ephetha isivumelwano sokuthula, iSoviet Union wamuka 11% e-Finland ngaphansi kwazo. Khona-ke, ngendlela, iSoviet Union ayebhekwa umqali futhi waxoshwa iNhlangano Yezizwe.

Njengoba iqhaza kuzo zombili lezi zingxabano, Golovanov wahlangana ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe baye umshayeli ongumakadebona lempi. Emuva ngasekuqaleni 41 th, ngaphambi ekuhlaseleni Hitler, wabhala incwadi eya Stalin, okuyinto babeka nezaba isidingo ngqo ukulungiselela pilot ukuze andize imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo webhomu. Ikakhulukazi sezulu esibi, ukuze okufanayo futhi amba eqolo eziphakeme.

Ngo-February, ayenakho umhlangano siqu ne Generalissimo, imiphumela okuyinto wamiswa induna a ibutho ahlukene yesikhathi zezindiza. Ngo-August, wanikwa okuthunyelwe ka induna Air Division ngoba esinye isinyathelo. Futhi seziqu unikwe ngo-Okthoba. UMajor General Aviation Alexander Golovanov wathola. IMpi Yezwe II Veterans eyamenza wakwazi azibonakalise phezu izimpi emoyeni. Ngobusuku obandulela entsha 1942, waba inhloko yalawa division zezindiza we imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti uMkhuzi.

emoyeni Marshal

Ngo-1942 lesi sihloko waba iqhawe ukuhola zezindiza imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo. Ngo-May, sanikwa elisezingeni uLieutenant jikelele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi kwaba ezinkulu lonke kweSoviet imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wajabulela uzwela, ukuhlonishwa nokwethenjwa phezu ingxenye abakhulu kaStalin. Ngakho ukuthola ezempi njalo lifaka esingeside ukufika.

Kusukela ngo-March 1943 - uLieutenant General. Futhi Agasti 3 Alexander Golovanov - Air Marshal. Phakathi nempi wayeyisosha waqokwa induna 18th Air Army, kuwo wonke yayo yesikhathi eside ekuhlaseleni yezwe ngokuqondile igxile okwamanje. Naphezu ezinegunya, Golovanov njalo bahlanganyela combat ohambweni. Ikakhulukazi, waya ezikude ngamabhomu nokuziphindiselela ngokubulala ekuqaleni kwempi. Lapho Ehlobo lika-1941, phakathi kwenyanga eyodwa, bandisa Soviet eyenziwa uchungechunge aviabombardirovok Berlin.

Lokhu kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe a bombardment omkhulu eMoscow, okwaqala cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva yaqala impi. Nakuba Goebbels ngisho kwadingeka isikhathi bathi eSoviet wasemoyeni wahlulwa ngokuphelele, nase-Berlin akasoze udedele ibhomu elilodwa. Golovanov lolungenamaphutsa waphikisa lesi sitatimende ngokugqamile.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba ukuba Berlin senziwe 7 Agasti. izindiza Soviet landizela endaweni engamamitha 7000 amamitha. Abashayeli wayengazange isuswe imaskhi oksijini, ukufinyelela airwaves wawuvinjelwe. Lapho endiza phezu endaweni German ekuhlaseleni aseSoviet ngokuphindaphindiwe ezitholakele, kodwa amaJalimane ngakho babengakucabangi nakukucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlaselwa ukuthi babeqiniseka ukuthi kwaba izindiza zabo. Ngokuhamba eStettin ngisho kufakwe spotlight ngabo, ukuthatha indiza ehlangeni we Luftwaffe. Ngenxa yalokho, eziningi kuneziyisihlanu izindiza ungase zibhubhisa Berlin futhi lossless okwanele wabuyela base yabo.

Golovanov waqokwa induna lezi kusukwe emva umzamo wesibili, eyaqala ngo-August 10. Kuye akuzange kuphumelele kangako. Izimoto 10 kuya zibhubhisa Berlin ayengakwenza 6 kuphela, kodwa wabuya ezimbili kuphela. Ngemva kwalokho, lo hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Vodopiyanov isuswe esikhundleni sakhe njengoba induna division, futhi salandelwa Golovanov.

I hero-athikili yethu wandizisa ngokuphindaphindiwe phezu dolobha isitha. intelligence German ngesikhathi waphawula ukuthi waba phakathi ambalwa banelungelo esiyingqayizivele ukufinyelela siqu ukuze uStalin. Lesi sakamuva limbiza kuphela ngegama uphawu olukhethekile ngokuzethemba.

Nge izenzakalo leyo minyaka futhi indiza ezihambisana Stalin engqungqutheleni Tehran, ngubani mathupha Golovanov. Indlela waqhubeka izindiza ezimbili. Beshayela yesibili, capping kwaba Golovanov. Futhi Stalin, Voroshilov futhi Molotov abaphathiswe ukuba baphathe uLieutenant General Aviation Viktor Grachev.

Ngo-1944, Golovanov impilo sawohloka kakhulu. It kwaqala ukuphazamisa zibe, ukuphazamiseka enhliziyweni, ukuboshwa zokuphefumula. Ngokusho odokotela, imbangela lokhu kwaba bikho njalo sokulala, empeleni kwacekela phansi we isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi nempi nge eJalimane lobuNazi Golovanov usetha irekhodi ukuze eSoviet amabutho ahlomile, ukhuphuka uvela elisezingeni uLieutenant Colonel induna emoyeni marshal.

Ukudalelwa ngemva kwempi

Ngemva nje kwempi, ngo-1946, Golovanov waqokwa induna imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili isuswe esikhundleni sakhe. Ngokusho iningi, isizathu kwaba impilo, okuyinto baye bahlupheka kakhulu ngemva kwempi.

Golovanov iziqu Academy e-General Assembly Abasebenzi. Kodwa-ke akakwazanga ubuyele kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Kwakungekho injongo. Lutho namahloni Alexander E. futhi wathumela incwadi uStalin. Futhi kakade 1952 wayala omunye amabutho sisemoyeni. Kwaba yisinqumo sami engajwayelekile. Akukaze kwenzeke emlandweni zezindiza amabutho ayeyalwe marshal egatsheni. Ngaye, kwaba engajulile kakhulu. Golovanov baze babuza mayelana nesicelo bhala okuhloswe ngazo ukwehlisa izinga sombutho-jikelele, kodwa wenqaba.

Ngo-1953, ngemva kokufa Iosifa Stalina, iqhawe kwalesi sihloko wagcina ethunyelwe esiqiwini. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, wahlala kokuthunyelwe kwe-iPhini abakhulu ngesikhathi Research Institute Civil Aviation ngoba inkonzo indiza. Wabe esethatha umhlalaphansi ngo-1966.

Incwadi izinkumbulo

Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, hero lesi sihloko uye wazibonakalisa njengoba umbhali, memoirist. Incwadi ka izinkumbulo wabhala Golovanov Aleksandr. "Long ebanga Bomber" - njengoba ibizwa. Ngezindlela eziningi, lokhu biography lunikezelwe emihlanganweni siqu futhi ukuxhumana uStalin. Ngenxa yalokhu, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe waphuma ukusikeka abalulekile. abafundi edition Uncensored bakwazi ukubona kuphela 80s sekwephuzile.

Ngo-2007, yakamuva ngesikhathi lapho kunyatheliswa incwadi ethi Umlando Aleksandra Golovanova. LweziNcwadi nombhali, ngasendleleni, has incwadi eyodwa nje. Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu akubi asilutho.

Golovanov yena washona ngo-1974. Wayekhona '71. Umngcwabo senzeka ngesikhathi Novodevichy Amathuna.

ukuphila Siqu

Alexander Golovanov, omkhaya wakhe uye asekelwe njalo, washada esemncane intombi umthengisi we inhlangano yokuqala. Igama lakhe kwakungu uTamara. Wayengumngane bomdabu yesifundazwe Vologda. Wasinda umyeni wakhe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20. Washona ngo-1996 kuphela.

Sebenezingane ezinhlanu. amadodakazi amane - Svetlana, uTamara, Veronica no-Olga, indodana eyodwa - Sviatoslav. Yena wayengomncane kunabo bonke.