Isikhumbuzo ukuze Yermak - umnqobi eSiberia: umlando, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

umlando Enough elithakazelisayo elihlobene ne lesikhumbuzo ukuze umnqobi eSiberia, Cossack Ataman Yermak, elalizokwakhiwa e Novocherkassk. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo of Russian Folk iqhawe kungokukaKristu izinto emagugu emasiko kazwelonke. Bamangala kakhulu kwethu, kuba osekukade umsebenzi sculptural lahlala njengoba yayinjalo futhi sekuyisikhathi eside litshwayo Don Cossack esifundeni, eSiberia neRussia.

Ermak lesikhumbuzo: Novocherkassk

Izithombe athunyelwe esihlokweni kunikeza umbono walokho ukubukeka uyindoda lo muntu omkhulu. Konke kwaqala ngo-1870 nge umcimbi gala ukuthi lugujwa emzini Novocherkassk - weminyaka engu 300th kwezinhloko zamaviyo we Don Cossacks. Ngokusebenzisa uMphathi Abasebenzi uMajor General Leonov zonke Cossacks ukuvusela indlalifa inkosi sika, Umqhele Prince Aleksandru Aleksandrovichu - Agasti Ataman Cossack amabutho, owafika womcimbi, ukusiza wafaka inhloko-dolobha Don Cossacks isikhumbuzo nobuqhawe yabo nabo Countryman Ermak Timofeevich (Kachalin emzaneni lwendabuko phezu Don).

Kwathiwa okubhaliselwe ukukhulisa imali lesikhumbuzo, eyathatha iminyaka eminingi. Lokhu kuvikela empini, lapho Russia bese ngasondelana. A yingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka sebuqoqiwe ezingaphezu kuka isamba ruble 100 000. iminikelo Major abanikwe kuya Cossacks we Urals naseSiberia. Ingxenye ukuphumula kuyoba ruble 40 000, Cossack Cossack Army Uhulumeni lathathwa igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini yabo.

ekuqaleni

Lapho imali eqoqwe, kwaphakama umbuzo, lapho isithombe kumele avele isikhulu ekhazimulayo Ermak lesikhumbuzo on esigcawini main e Novocherkassk. Kulesi senzakalo, ngo-1889, wadalwa ephelele ekomidini, eyayihlanganisa i-UMuphi W. Wagner, ikhanda kwemayini kanye usawoti ingxenye amabutho Don, idolobha unjiniyela B. Krasnov, umshicileli we iphephandaba "Vestnik Don" Karasev, etc ... ERussia isikhathi, phakathi Okugweda edume kunayo mncintiswano kwamenyezelwa ngoba lesikhumbuzo engcono, futhi ngemva imisebenzi eminingana babebhekwa njengabantu.

Eyokuqala ukuthuthukisa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Ermak ahlinzekwa umqophi M. M. Antokolskomu (uMdali lesikhumbuzo kuPetru mina eTaganrog 1903), kodwa ngo-1891 lapho engayitholi imvume. Akwamukelwanga futhi iphrojekthi ye Petersburg umqophi M. O. Mikeshina (adalwe lesikhumbuzo adumile "Millenium Russia" eNovgorod ngo-1862), kodwa ikhumbula zonke imibono ahlinzekwa olunye lesikhumbuzo, futhi evunyiwe ngo-1896, kodwa umqophi wafa.

Isikhumbuzo ukuze Ermak e Novocherkassk: incazelo

Manje ikhomishana wayebheke lowo Mikeshina iphrojekthi wayezithathela ukudalwa lesikhumbuzo. Sachitha iminyaka eminingi futhi wathola onguMphathi we Ephakeme Art School of the Academy of Arts VA Beklemisheva. Ngakho, waqala umsebenzi.

On the lokuzalwa koMbusi uNicholas II, 6 Meyi 1903 kubekwa emisiwe sikwele. isinyathelo gwadle ihlelwe master Italian S. Tonitto. Okokuqala kwaba emgodini ngemba isisekelo concreted base ke esakhiwe, ekhiqizwa kule mboni ngamaketanga Novocherkassk steel 8 by 4.2 amamitha ngamunye. Petersburg, imodeli usimende VA Beklemisheva ngokuqinile "Moran" wathela zethusi esifanekisweni nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani 5. Ukuphakama ingqikithi lesikhumbuzo kuyinto 14 amamitha 92 cm, isisindo - amathani 1600.

ukutholakala

Ngonyaka olandelayo, futhi lokuzalwa koMbusi uNicholas II - Meyi 6, 1904, kwavulwa. Emini ukukhala insimbi, endaweni egcwele amabutho Cossack abafundi ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca, ubusosha, Junkers futhi izakhamuzi. Cathedral of the Ascension kwaba udwendwe ne amathempelana conciliar.

amabutho Ataman Cossack KK Maksimovich lehla iveyili phansi kwezingwegwe isikhumbuzo, ekugcineni, bonke ababekhona babone esifanekisweni esinamandla nangengalo ngokubabazekayo Ermak, okuyinto ngesandla esisodwa kwaba ifulege impi kanye nezinye - umqhele, efanekisela eSiberia yanqotshwa. U-Archbishop uDon Novocherkasskiy Afanasy yangcwelisa lesikhumbuzo. Kwakukhona hits, ukusatshalaliswa ngifaka nezincwajana echaza izenzo okuyinto uyakhazinyuliswa abanesibindi Ataman Yermak, owashonela amagagasi lomfula Irtysh 5 Agasti, 1584.

Bronze ubufakazi

Selokhu Ermak lesikhumbuzo waba sifakaza buthule izenzakalo eziningi zomlando ezenzeka on esigcawini main e Novocherkassk Ascension lombhishobhi, kuhlanganise ukuvakashelwa yamakhosi ohlanga, abengameli, izinzalamizi, abaholi abathandwayo, nokunye. D.

Ngomnyaka wokuqala ukwakhiwa kusukela kule ndawo Cossacks waqhubeka empini Russian-Japanese (1904-1905 GG.). Khona-ke ngemva konyaka labetibambile imibuthano ekusekeleni nenkululeko yeningi (umhlahlandlela Tsar sika-October 17, 1905). Khona - inguquko Russian kuqala futhi izisulu zawo phakathi Don Cossacks, ogama lomngcwabo square (1905-1907 GG.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye ngekonga February Revolution nokuhlangana abameleli Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, isifungo ibutho jikelele A. M. Kaledina, kukhethwa isikhulu yayo kanye Okthoba Revolution-1917. Lezi zenzakalo kungenziwa wanezela futhi shift unomphela Novocherkassk kuyinto "amhlophe", bese "red", kuyilapho amandla ezandleni zabo akalithabathanga Omkhulu Don Army, Jikelele PN Krasnov.

Ukulondolozwa emathempelini endawo

Nokho, kwakukhona imizamo ukuba balahle lesikhumbuzo "Ermak Bourget". Ngo-1918, ifuna ukwenza umshini ngo-1938 - ugandaganda, kodwa ihlulekile bophezela ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Futhi ngo-1942, amaNazi phakathi umsebenzi Novocherkassk ngenjongo efanayo waya lesikhumbuzo of ezintathu ugandaganda nge indophi, kodwa washiya izakhamuzi zendawo Cossacks, okuyinto edale le Usigaxamabhande ababelubekile futhi wachaza ukuthi Ermak - hhayi obomvu Cossack hhayi kwamaBolshevik, a ingcwele zendawo Don iqhawe . Khona-ke esinye isikhulu German wayala ukususa ugandaganda, futhi waphinda ilondolozwe kusuka kokubhujiswa isikhumbuzo Yermak. Zonke izakhamuzi abakhathalelayo kwedolobha Novocherkassk Cossacks ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu uzama ukukhumbula amaqhawe abo.

Ngo-2001, wonke umsebenzi kudingekile sokubuyiselwa kwenziwa. Meyi 6, 2004 edolobheni igubha iminyaka engu-100 kwasungulwa i lesikhumbuzo. Namuhla, kube iminyaka eyikhulu, kodwa Ermak lesikhumbuzo imele futhi uzovuka kuze kukhona idolobha kanye nomlando wayo liqoshwe phakade.