Isifingqo Saltykov-Shchedrin, inganekwane: ngonyaka bendalo, okuqukethwe ngemibono

Kulesi sihloko, akukho ithuba lokucabanga bonke "fabulous" ifa ME Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya kanye umkhuba ibhekane kuphela "inganekwane" edume kakhulu usebenza imisebenzi kombhali "Golovlevs".

Uhlu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• "Indaba kanjani ukuba umuntu oyedwa fed ojenene ababili" (1869).
• "Umninindlu Wild" (1869).
• "Piscary Uhlakaniphile" (1883).

"Indaba kanjani ukuba umuntu oyedwa fed ojenene ababili" (1869)

Uzungu ilula: ojenene ababili ngomlingo waqhubeka esiqhingini desert. Ekuqaleni, lokhu babengakwenzi uma lutho, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi ngiyokwazi balamba futhi isidingo wasiphosela ukuhlola. Okuvamile wathola ukuthi isiqhingi amumethe zonke izinhlobo izipho: imifino, izithelo, izilwane. Kodwa, njengoba bekhonza konke ukuphila kwakhe ehhovisi futhi zimane nje "Sicela ubhalise" abazange bazi ukuthi kunjani ukuba badle lezi zipho noma cha. Lapho kungazelelwe omunye ojenene aphakanyisiwe, cishe, qiniseka endaweni ethile esiqhingini ngaphansi indoda esihlahleni amanga lutho. umsebenzi jikelele zabo - ukuyithola futhi kuphumelele. Said - kwenziwe. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Okuvamile usetshenziswe indoda, nehhashi emsebenzini, futhi babezizingela, wazidabula nge izihlahla zezithelo. Khona-ke ojenene ngikhathele futhi bayiswa ngenkani ngakubo ukuba ngakhe guy esikebheni otvoloch kubo emuva yabo nasezweni lokuzalwa. Ngakho leyo ndoda yenza, futhi sathola indondo "wokupha!", Okuyinto yamukelekile baphindela esiqhingini sakhe. Loku ukufingqwa okungafundwa. Saltykov-Shchedrin wabhala inganekwane ephefumlelwe.

Okuqukethwe ngemibono

bonke nje lapha. ME Saltykov-Shchedrin usulu ukungazi elite Russian yesikhathi. Okuvamile e tale impenetrably oyisiphukuphuku futhi awunamandla, kodwa snobby, bezikhukhumeza bese awawazisanga abantu. Isithombe se- "indoda Russian", kunalokho, ekhishwe Shchedrin nge babathanda ngokukhethekile. Umuntu ovamile e-19 leminyaka isithombe umbhali namasu, savvy, wonke umuntu uyazi futhi ongakwenza, kodwa kungenye into ehluke kakhulu uyaziqhenya ngaye ngokwakhe. Ngamafuphi, lo ekahle womuntu. Loku ukufingqwa okungafundwa. Saltykov-Shchedrin wadala yezinganekwane yamaSoviet, ngingasho ngemibono ngisho.

"Umninindlu Wild" (1869)

Esikhathini izindaba lokuqala nelesibili, sibonile kulesi sihloko, okufanayo ukushicilelwa iminyaka. Futhi lokhu akukho ngozi, ngoba enifana futhi isihloko. Uzungu lokhu Indaba ngempela ovamile for Shchedrin ngakhoke kungazwakali: umninindlu fed up namadoda ayekanye naye, waba nomuzwa wokuthi bona konakalisa emoyeni walo kanye emhlabathini. Barin ngokoqobo waya crazy ngesisekelo impahla nazo zonke ngathandaza kuNkulunkulu ngicela ukuba balahle omunye "stinky" umfana wakhe. Abalimi, futhi, wayengeyena amnandi kakhulu ukuba umnikazi ongaziwa enjalo, futhi wathandaza kuNkulunkulu ukuthi awakhulula ngayo lokhu ukuphila. Nkulunkulu sayizwela amadoda wazisula ubuso ezigodlweni ifike.

Okokuqala, umninindlu, zonke izinto zahamba kahle, kodwa waqala uphelelwa amasheya ukudla namanzi, futhi waba nesihluku ngaphezulu usuku ngalunye oludlulayo. Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi okokuqala Kwathi izivakashi futhi wadumisa lapho wafunda adumileyo besusa uyakuzonda "indoda nephunga" emoyeni. Enye inkinga: nendoda walahlekelwa yikho konke ukudla aphume endlini. Cha, hhayi umuntu, babamba inkunzi enkosini yayo. Vele yena Aristocrat Russian ngokwemvelo noma yini kungahlali futhi ngeke benze lutho.

Umastende iphelela ngaphezulu zasendle, futhi le ndawo aseduze baye ngokuya angene esimeni ngaphandle indoda. Kodwa ke wandizela phezu Umhlambi amadoda lawela amabutho akhe phansi. imikhiqizo Reappeared, ukuphila wabuyela emuva njengoba kufanele.

Umastende ngesikhathi kwesokunxele ehlathini. Ukuze ukuxoshwa ongumlimi Umninindawo walahla ngisho kwezilwane zasehlathini. Ezimweni ezinjalo. zonke olwaphela. Umninindlu asibambanga emahlathini, zalungisa futhi waze wafundisa waphinde wasebenzisa iduku, kodwa kusekuningi asafuna aphuthelwe intando. Life on ifa ke manje abacindezelekile. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuqedela isifinyezo. Saltykov-Shchedrin wadala yezinganekwane kweqiniso futhi egcwele umuzwa wokuziphatha okuhle.

Okuqukethwe ngemibono inganekwane

Kuyinto cishe nsé tale yangaphambili ojenene ababili. Into ebonakala ezithakazelisayo - lokhu umninindlu ukulangazelela at intando, emahlathini. Ngokusobala, ngokusho umbhali umsebenzi, abanikazi bamazwe ngokwabo bengazi wahlushwa ukulahlekelwa injongo ekuphileni.

"Piscary Uhlakaniphile" (1883)

Piscary utshela indaba yakhe. Abazali bakhe waphila isikhathi eside futhi wafa ukufa yemvelo (a rarity phakathi izinhlanzi ezincane). Futhi zonke ngokuba sekuyizinsuku niqaphelisise. Uyise hero wamtshela indaba izikhathi eziningi, kunesikhathi lapho yacishe siwela indlebe, futhi kuphela isimangaliso wamsindisa. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezi izindaba Piscary yethu ukudansela isiginci sakhe ngokwakhe endaweni ethile e emgodini futhi sonke leso sikhathi sicashe khona kusukela ekubalweni "njengokungathi eshintshile." Kukhethwe kuphela ebusuku, uma okungenani kungenzeka kudliwa. Futhi uhlala. Kuze kube yilapho ubudala futhi lufe, cishe, ukufa kwakhe. Loku ukufingqwa okungafundwa.

Saltykov-Shchedrin: yezinganekwane. Okuqukethwe ngemibono

The tale wokugcina uhlu lwethu kuba acebile kakhulu nokuqukethwe kwalo ngemibono kuka owedlule ezimbili. Kuyinto kakade ngisho inganekwane, futhi ekuphileni mfanekiso zefilosofi nazo okuqukethwe. Nokho, kungase kufundwe hhayi kuphela existentially, kodwa psychoanalytically.

okufushane Psychoanalytic. Piscary uyesaba ukuze yokuphunyuka ukushona kukayise ngokuyisimangaliso kusuka imbiza abilayo. Futhi nalesi simo esikhungathekisayo yayenza isithunzi phezu konke ukuphila kwakhe. Singasho ukuthi Piscary hhayi isikhathi eside kunabo uwedwa, futhi sakhe isiphetho umugqa bengangazi idwetshwa, le kwabokufika umzali.

okufushane ekuphileni. Ukuze uqale ngegama elithi "abahlakaniphile" lisetshenziswa Shchedrin, ngomqondo okuphambene. Lonke icebo Piscary ukuphila ufundisa indlela ukuphila akunakwenzeka. Yena obafihlile ukuphila, hhayi ukulandela indlela yakho futhi injongo hushazela wahlala Nokho, kodwa lutho.

Ukungabi jikelele lwezifundo

Lapho umbhali iba zakudala, nje isiqala ukufunda esikoleni. Wathela indishi ku yezifundo zezikole. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufunda esikoleni nalabo ukuthi wabhala Saltykov-Shchedrin, inganekwane (okuqukethwe iDemo ngokuvamile ukhetha ukufunda abafundi lamanje). Futhi lokhu ngokwakho akukubi, kodwa le ndlela lula UMBHALI umbhali kwenza kube izingcezu emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudala isifanekiso ejwayelekile futhi umqondo womuntu. Umbonisi ngokuvamile akudingeki ukuba zithuthukise ikhono ukucabanga ngalokwakhako. Yini kuhle ukufundisa esikoleni.

Indlela yokugwema kuso? elula kakhulu: ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko futhi simazi kangcono olwalukhuluma ngesihloko esithi "Saltykov-Shchedrin. Tales. Isifinyezo inkinga lekhona endzabeni, okuqukethwe ehlukile "kufanele kube impoqo ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka imisebenzi yakhe, engewona aphume emehlweni yezifundo zezikole.