Isandiso njengengxenye yokukhuluma

Iqondiswe isandiso tenkhulumo elimelela ngemfanelo kuncike, izenzo izakhiwo noma ikhwalithi. Isici esiyinhloko lesi sici - yayo non-zenqubo. Isandiso njengoba tenkhulumo libhekene ukungabi khona Ukuphakama kwephimbo, kodwa kukhona ezinye okuhlukile, akha ngezinga yokuqhathanisa.

Inani jikelele neprotsessulnosti zonke tandziso zifana tichasiso. Lokhu value inquma umsebenzi izwi emshweni kunqunywa nesenzo ibizo noma kwenye isandiso. Uma lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kwamagama, lolu hlobo zokuxhumana njengoba abutment. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezilimini asetshenziswa umusho e umsebenzi isilandiso kanye nokuchaza isiphakamiso bebonke. Iziphakamiso kanye nezandiso libhekene ubudlelwane ukuthi zenzeka lapho amazwi anjalo ubudlelwano syntactic, futhi ngokuvamile lucebe amagugu kusengaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, endleleni ekhaya noma kulo amanzi - kwencazelo indawo, umhlangano ntambama noma ilanga namuhla - incazelo isikhathi, ibudisi - e degree ngesilinganiso.

Tandziso eligcina -e noma -O isigaba morphological degree lokumadanisa okuyinto uvezwa amafomu amabili - ezakhayo futhi ngezinga yokuqhathanisa. Ngokwesibonelo, enhle - enhle, amnandi - imnandi ezimbi - sibi, kahle - kangcono. Isibonakaliso omuhle limelela degree of afanayo okungukuthi, e uhlobo ngokuqhathanisa degree uphawu selivela ukuthi atholakala Ngezinga elikhulu uma siqhathanisa nabanye ukubonakaliswa yayo. Futhi izindlela imfundo lezo zinhlobo kuhambisane nezindlela kanye ukuqhathanisa ukubaluleka kumiswa tiphawulo, futhi zehluke yokugcina olungile kuphela.

Isandiso njengengxenye inkulumo zingase zilawulwe noma unmotivated. Bayanda wathola tandziso amazwi wabashukumisa, okuyizinto izingxenye olungekho emthethweni yokukhuluma: tiphawulo (nandaba, friendly, ngendlela enhle), emabito (ntambama, entwasahlobo, phezulu), tinombolo (kabili), tandziso (inhlamba), tento (ukubhukuda, okungahleliwe) , tabito (kungani).

tandziso Unmotivated ngokuthi amagama kusho ngokucela isibonakaliso njengobufakazi bokuba kwesikhathi (kusasa, lapho manje), izindawo (kude mayelana), imodi ye isenzo (njengoba, ngenye indlela), izinyathelo (kangaka).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba tenkhulumo isandiso kungaba ephawulekayo netabito ukuthi izinsiza ezincike ibizwa ngokuthi uphawu noma nje kukhomba ngaye. tandziso Pronominal yena, zihlukaniswe siqu (ngombono wami), buyela (ngendlela yabo), Inkomba (lapha, bese, ngakho), ubunikazi (yonke indawo, eziningi), umbuzo (kuphi, kungani, kanjani), engaqinisekile ( endaweni ethile, noma kuphi) nemibi (kuphi, nganoma iyiphi indlela, ayikho indawo). Ngokuvamile elithi "ngubani" (tenkhulumo isabizwana) ngephutha ngokuthi isandiso.

Zonke izilimi zezigodi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: i-self-echaza futhi tandziso. Lumelela izinga lokuqala, izindawo futhi iyiphi indlela ayisebenzisayo, kwesibili - Imfanelo okungukuthi zangaphandle mayelana nokusekela. Futhi, tandziso self-echaza kungaba qualitative ambalwa. tandziso qualitative - amagama -O futhi -e, bashukunyiswa tiphawulo: fun, sad, kancane. Ababona, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ungase ube ukuqhathanisa degree wabo ungakheka tandziso ngobumnene ethize sici ukubonakaliswa (bednovato) kanye nokuqinisa sici (ranenko).

tandziso qualitative futhi zihlanganisa okuthiwa predicatives - amagama avele umsebenzi we ingxenye eyinhloko umusho amanani eyisibonelo kungase kudingeke ukuba dozhenstvovaniya: kumele, kufanele, akukwazi.

Isandiso njengengxenye yenkulumo ephathelene ne-iningi amagama isiRashiya. Ngamazwi ezimele zingabantu derivational exhunyiwe (eshukunyiswa kwezinye izingxenye inkulumo), nezandiso unmotivated kukhona isisekelo ukwakheka tandziso, kanye netihlanganiso izinhlayiya.