Yiziphi izaba ngolimi Russian? Bondzaweni lwendawo, isikhathi esuselwe. Indlela ukubhala bondzaweni

Kuyini izaba ungakwazi ukuphendula noma imiphi umfundi, ingxenye yokukhuluma, izingane ziqala ukufunda ku-grade yesibili, futhi yiziphi pretexts ufunde lonke yezifundo zezikole. Nokho, ingxoxo baqale ukuzisebenzisa kusukela imishwana kuqala, ngoba ukuvumela ukwakha ubuhlobo emazwini nomunye ukuze isitatimende esenziwe umqondo futhi anikwa zona. Nakuba izaba - kuba ezingeguquleke ingxenye, okungasekelwe osebenza njengokuvimbelayo ilungu umusho, kodwa kuphela kungahlanganiswa labo izitatimende eyakheke kahle yobukhona bayo kuyadingeka futhi zibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kahle ukusetha inkulumo nje kudingeka bazi yiziphi izaba, Indlela Ezisithinta ekupheleni amazwi, okuyizinto ezihlobene, futhi uzisebenzise kanjani. Phela, leli ucezu oluncane yakha ukuncika semantic nobudlelwano phakathi kwamagama. I incazelo yegama ibhaxa ulimi zezenhlalakahle Russian uya okuthile okunjengokuthi: siyingxenye engaguquki inkulumo, okuyigama elithi olusemthethweni, kuhanjiswa ehlelekileko icala izinhlobo amagama elinye igama, esichaza sengqondo kwezihloko ngezenzo zabo.

imisebenzi eyisisekelo

Njengazo zonke amazwi umsebenzi, bondzaweni azisetshenziswa bebodwa, basuke njalo ehlotshaniswa ne ibizo noma elinye igama lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi yokuthi kukwenza kungenzeki ukuchaza lento njengengxenye inkulumo, kodwa phakathi inombolo yabo. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube izaba ukunquma shades antonymous kanye bomcondvofana kanye imibhangqwana, okuvumela ngokwanele nje ukukhetha inhlanganisela efanele amazwi.

Ngokwesibonelo: esikoleni - aphume esikoleni; ngaphambi kwesifundo - emva sifundo; ensimini - engadini - eduze engadini; ngenxa yobudedengu - ngenxa yokushayela budedengu.

Yiziphi izaba

Zonke bondzaweni zihlukaniswe yesikhashana, kwendawo, esiyimbangela futhi target. Ezinye zazo ingasetshenziswa nge emabito nominative, kanti abanye Kusetshenziswa amagama ezimweni ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo:

• umngane wakhe, isikole - D. n (ubani lokho?) .;
• sibonga umngane, ngiyabonga esikoleni - D. n (sibonga kubani ukwenziwa?) .;
• at ngehora lesikhombisa - VP (ini?).
• epaki - (? lokho) P. n ..

Isibonelo libonisa ukuthi isabizwana "e" ingasetshenziswa ngamazwi ezimweni ezahlukene. Lawa bondzaweni njengasezulwini, mayelana, kusukela, nge, ngu, e, ku, ngaphandle, ungaba omningi value. Ngo-Russian bebizwa tandziso-non-esuselwe.

Uma isabizwana kwakhiwa kusuka izingxenye ezimele yokukhuluma futhi zisetshenziswa kanye eyodwa kuphela icala, ubizwa ngokuthi esuselwe. Ngokwesibonelo:

- endlini, owaqalwa isabizwana - isandiso emhlabeni;

- ihora, kokuqala ifomu isabizwana - ibizo for esetshenziswa isabizwana "e";

- ngosizo, owaqalwa isabizwana - gerund.

umehluko kwesakhiwo

Kanye nazo zonke umehluko bondzaweni isiRashiya futhi wabelane ekwakhekeni yabo. okungukuthi:

• Simple, ehlanganisa igama elilodwa. Njengomthetho, lena-futhi ezimbili ilunga. Non-esuselwe kanti ezinye ahlobene tandziso: at, e, ku, ngaphansi, phezu.
• Complicated noma abhanqiwe, eqinisweni, yilokho uhlobo bondzaweni elula: ngoba, aphume nezinye.
• Izingxenye ukuthi kukhona prepositional-case inhlanganisela: endabeni kanye, ngokwengxenye, maqondana, kuye nokunye.

Amabhithi enenjongo

Njengoba izaba nje ingxenye yokuxhuma, amagugu abo, akanakuma, kodwa nje ichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwezakhi zolimi phakathi emabito, ukusetshenziswa ezimweni etshekile, futhi ngamanye amazwi. Ngamanye amazwi, incike okushiwo lucebe kwezwi lapho kuxhunywe, kodwa bangadlulisela ezihlukahlukene shades of maqondana tandziso yamagama komunye nomunye.

Zonke izaba of isiRashiya zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezifana:

• Noma bondzaweni kwezendawo indawo: e, ngesikhathi, ukuze, kusukela, e, ngaphansi, aphume, emhlabeni, phambi, emhlabeni, emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo: ayehlala emzini; Isebenza embonini; egijima endlini.

• Lesikhashana noma bondzaweni isikhathi: ngaphambi, ngemuva, emahewu, ukuze, nge, ngaphambi, phakathi. Ngokwesibonelo: e isigamu sehora; ukugijima ekuseni; ukuhamba ngaphambi sokulala.

• Isizathu: by, kusukela umphumela okubi, sibonga, ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa, ngenxa yalokho. Ngokwesibonelo: ihlazo sikhanyise; Ngesikhathi ehlephula vase nge okubi; iphutha zokunganaki.

• Tandziso, okubonisa injongo: I-, ukuba, e, kanye nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo: tell ihlaya; speech lesi senzakalo; ukuya eholidini.

• Into, ukuchaza kanye abonisa ku isinyathelo ngalokho isihloko iqondiswa: mayelana, mayelana, kanye, mayelana, mayelana, ngakolunye. Ngokwesibonelo: miss indodakazi yakhe; ufunde mayelana nezilinganiso.

• Bondzaweni ekhombisa inkambo: a, e, ngaphandle, ka. Ngokwesibonelo: ukudlala ngenjabulo; ukuhleka zashaya.

Ukwahlukanisa nemikhiqizo bondzaweni

Kuye titfo tenkhulumo, kwakheka yegama elithi izaba okuyinto bahlukene ngezigaba enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yini izaba ezenzeke ngakolunye titfo tenkhulumo, kukharikhulamu esikoleni kunikezwa eziningi amahora, futhi kube kufanele, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni ubuhlobo bakwazi ukwakha amagama, futhi uzisebenzise kanjani ekukhulumeni lokubhala.

• bondzaweni tandziso. Kwakheka kusukela tandziso futhi ubonise kaningi phezu ubudlelwano ngekwendzawo futhi temporal of wemagama emshweni. Lezi izaba eduze, esikhundleni, kanye, emhlabeni, ngemuva, ngokusebenzisa, phezu, phakathi kwabanye.
• bondzaweni Denominative. Lasekuqaleni ifomu - libito kunoma isiphi isimo. Ngokuvamile, lezi baveze bondzaweni tandziso nobudlelwano into: yalokho, efana, ohlangothini e ukuqhubeka Ukucabangela okungenani izingxenye.
• bondzaweni Verbal kwakhiwa kusukela amafomu tento, emabito, izwakalise ubudlelwane ahlukahlukene tandziso: ekuqedeni, ngiyabonga, naphezu, naphezu kamuva nabanye.

isipelingi bondzaweni

Ulwazi mayelana yiziphi izaba nje kubaluleke njengokugwema ukupela kwabo. Ngakho-ke, omunye izihloko ezisemqoka lwezifundo ezihlobene bondzaweni, izenzo isipelingi. Umthetho wokuqala kakhulu, ngawo izingane zifunde, sithi: "I bondzaweni nabanye magama ebhalwe eceleni." Ukuze sithole kahle ukuthi igama elithi olusemthethweni, phakathi ukuzishaya futhi izwi ahlobene ungafaka umbuzo noma ibhekwa.

Ngokwesibonelo: ku (Than?) Ulwandle noma (Black) Sea.

Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, izingane bathulelwe pretexts esuselwe, kwakhiwa kusukela nezandiso. Bese kuthi-ke into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukunquma ukuthi le ngxenye isandiso umusho noma izaba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka anqume ukuthi bukhona yini umusho libito e ecaleni etshekile , futhi nendlela okusebenza ngayo impikiswano ingxenye.

Ngokwesibonelo: uqalaza (isandiso) noma uqalaza ngokwayo (isabizwana).

Kukhona umthetho: "Ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi izwi emshweni kuyinto ibhaxa kunomunye tenkhulumo, kufanele esikhundleni ibhaxa lahlotshaniswa. Kulokhu, okushiwo akashintshi. " Nasi uhlu bondzaweni asizayo nezilandiso:

• umbono (ngoba, ngesizathu);
• uhlobo (efana);
• mayelana (mayelana, ku);
• umphumela (ngesizathu).

Ngokwesibonelo: In sezulu esibi saya sishaywe umoya. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi saya sishaywe umoya.

amanothi

Hlukanisa ebhaliwe ngezaba ezifana: I-, ngesikhathi, kulo ngalokuvamile, kuphetsa, ukuze ugweme, eqinisweni, ngokungafani.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umbhangqwana noma bondzaweni spliced, ezifana ngenxa, aphume, kuyinto iminyaka engaphezu-oda, ku-ku-, kuphela zilotshwe ikhonco.

Ngokwesibonelo: Kusukela ngemuva amafu yaphuma inhlamvu yelanga. Kusukela ngaphansi ikati iKhabhinethi wagxuma.

Kukhona futhi bondzaweni, okuyinto udinga nje khumbula isipelingi. Okungukuthi eduze (ngaphandle uphawu esithambile) futhi ngokusebenzisa (nge uphawu esithambile).

Ukusetshenziswa bondzaweni ne amacala

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kukhona pretexts kusukela zinhlupho, njengoba ngokuvamile kungenxa isabizwana bungabonakala kahle, lapho ukudla nominative lokhu noma lokhuya izwi, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa esipelingi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ne nominative esimweni libito bondzaweni azisetshenziswa, engaqondile kuphela:

• nge genitive - ngaphandle, emhlabeni, ukuze, kusukela, ngu, e, ne;
• nge umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi - k, sibonga ngokuvumelana nalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho, bahlangana ngo;
• nge umenziwa wesenzo - ngokusebenzisa, mayelana, Nokho, ngokusebenzisa, e, etulu, ngaphasi, phezu;
• nge ablative - phezu, phambi-kwe, phakathi, phezu, ngaphansi, ama;
• nge prepositional - oh, lapho, e, ku.

Ithebula uyakucabangela bondzaweni nemikhiqizo nokungezona bondzaweni, okuyinto esimweni ngasinye ingasetshenziswa kuphela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu nokufa amabizo.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Empeleni, ukufunda lokhu kuncike kule minyaka esikoleni kahle akunzima kangako, imithetho isipelingi kanye kumiswa bondzaweni zivela kwezinye izingxenye ze inkulumo lapha impela kancane. Inselelo enkulu wukuthi kufanele bafunde ukuhlukanisa kwebhaxa ezinye izakhi futhi ukwazi kanjani ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Ukuthi lokhu ngeke ngokuphumelelayo kuphela ukwakha izwi musho, kodwa futhi ukwazi uwaqophe, ngaphandle eziyimpumelelo iyadida.