Ipaki Kuhle: Ukraine. Zonke izinqolobane Ukraine

Nature Ukraine ephana futhi ezihlukahlukene kokuvamile. Wonderful sezulu esipholile kanye nenhlabathi evundile, kanye Imifula eminingi kanye amadamu ziye zaba nomthelela kakhulu okukhulisa a ahlukahlukene asemaqeleni, edlelweni kanye ihlathi kwezimila. Ngeshwa, yezenzo zesintu ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba zemvelo ngokuvamile kuholela ukushabalala zezinyoni ezingavamile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze alondoloze futhi noma nini lapho kungenzeka ukuba azale ande kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni zezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nezimo ukuze silondoloze namathafa eliyingqayizivele futhi ngcono isimo jikelele kwemvelo, izinqolobane kazwelonke zadalwa e-Ukraine.

Yiziphi zigcine

Isikhwama reserve yezwe - kuyingxenye endaweni yemvelo, okungenani ehlaselwe indoda. Isetshenziselwa nokuqapha okuqhubekayo futhi olunzulu isimo intuthuko kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo e lezo zindawo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, okuyinto namanje zihlala zinjalo noma ushintshe kancane. Okubekiwe Ukraine kukhona izinhlelo self-elawula zemvelo, sihlukanisiwe nezinye zemvelo, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene negative umthelela womuntu.

Isimo enakekela izindawo amanzi amazwe angaphandle kwelakwa ezindaweni ezivikelekile, futhi kuzisusa kusukela ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje oluphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni ezivikelekile kanye uhlobo laboratories ukukhonza ucwaningo ehlangene.

Okubekiwe e-Ukraine

Ensimini ka zokulondolozwa eziningi kanye nemvelo reserves kutholakala inqwaba zilwane sendawo futhi imihlambi yezinyoni eziyivelakancane, izinambuzane, izitshalo, kanye ezingavamile, amazwe kusuka kwamanye amazwekazi, izilwane. Okubekiwe Ukraine kuyinto enkulu eyigugu kuwo wonke kusukela umbono wechibi isakhi sofuzo, umelwe lapha ezihlukahlukene yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, kanye namathafa esiyingqayizivele, eliyingqayizivele kule ndawo.

E-Ukraine kukhona izinqolobane ezine linganisa - a ZaseCarpathos, iDanube, kweBlack Sea Askania Nova kanye 9 isimo ukuthi asezindaweni zokuzamazama zemvelo ezahlukene: Polesie futhi Rivne endaweni yamahlathi okuxubile, Kanev, uqede futhi Medobory - ezonini ihlathi-asemaqeleni of Dnieper-Orelsky , Eletskaya asemaqeleni, Luhansk, asemaqeleni Ukraine, ezintabeni ZaseCarpathos - ZaseCarpathos kanye Gorgan futhi 6 izinqolobane ensimini ka enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea - Kazantip, Opuksky, Karadag, le Yalta ihlathi entabeni, YaseCrimea futhi Cape uMarian.

uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; izinqolobane

Okubekiwe zavunyelwa-International Coordinating Council ngokuvumelana uhlelo "Indoda Biosphere". Omunye wemigomo yabo eyinhloko - Ukuvikelwa izindawo zemvelo ukuze silondoloze ukwehlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye isimo yemvelo lezinto zemvelo kanye izakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu ka esiqiwini yasungulwa ukuze afeze ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye lokongiwa kwemvelo wenziwa phansi kwemvelo. Ngo-1994, emhlabeni wonke kwakukhona abangaphezu kuka-300 uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli izinqolobane, ezine zazo manje e-Ukraine.

Biosphere izinqolobane Ukraine aqukethe izindawo bemhlaba nemanti izindawo, kanye wonke izakhiwo zemvelo kanye netintfo elehlukile, abe yesayensi, kwemvelo, tebuciko kanye naletinye tindlela tekuphila ekhethekile.

Isakhiwo zigcine

Ochwepheshe eZizweni Ezihlangene ziye zasungula nomqondo nokuklanywa ngokuba Biosphere Okubekiwe. Lezi izinqolobane iyokwakhiwa esishintshashintshayo ezintathu: i-nucleus, noma umongo izindawo, sesikhashana futhi ushintsho esishintshashintshayo. Core - liyizwe ne okungenani ecosystem okhathazekile. It elibamba ucwaningo kanye nemisebenzi zemfundo. I-nucleus kungenzeka into eyodwa, kodwa kungaba eziningana. Elibazungezile kuyinto zone sesikhashana, angasetshenziswa for izinhlobo ezahlukene ucwaningo, kanye nakwezokuvakasha. Esikhathini indawo ushintsho kungenzeka nemizana, ngaphezu, lapho kuvunyelwe umsebenzi encane wezolimo.

Biosphere Reserve Askania Nova

Lokhu wokugodlwa ekhoneni okuyingqayizivele ngempela kokuphila imvelo isetshenzwe futhi elula yokugcina asemaqeleni eYurophu, ongazange zivuleka evulekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi asemaqeleni Ziyalima kanye, akasoze alulame ngokugcwele. I Askania asemaqeleni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 zezitshalo, iningi lawo okusanhlamvu.

Askania Nova - lena cishe edume kunazo National Park, esisogwini indawo ye-Ukraine, endaweni amahektheli engaphezu kwengu-11 eziyinkulungwane. It yasungulwa ngo-1921 e Kherson esifundeni. On reserve izwe epaki ehlathi amachibi yokufakelwa nemisele, ekhaya ukuze izinhlobo kuka 1,000 zezilwane 60 zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka.

Ohlukile Askania Nova wukuthi ngaphezu kwezinhlobo sendawo nezilwane zasendle zivumelane ngokuphelele ejwayele kakhulu zezinyoni ezingavamile, nayo esuka eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Australia, e-Afrika kanye Melika. Endaweni ebanzi izibaya zoo 30 sq. km. Ngo izimo semi khulula belusele amaponi Shetland, ngamakhafula aphinde inyathi, amadube, llama, amahhashi Przewalski sika ngisho saiga - ungulates lasendulo, owaphila izinsuku mammoth.

IDanube Biosphere Reserve

It yasungulwa ngo-1981 ensimini ka Odessa esifundeni. Ekuqaleni, indawo yayo kwaba 14.8 thous. Ha. Kodwa endaweni esiqiwini kwakwanda sonke isikhathi futhi manje selifinyelele 50 252.9 amahektha. Reserve ivikela iYurophu-wide namathafa esiyingqayizivele esiyingqayizivele iDanube floodplains.

Okubekiwe e-Ukraine kuba zinothile nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Lilodwa iDanube Biosphere Reserve has 563 zezitshalo. Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokubakhona kodaka evundile ekhethekile okubangelwa emfuleni. Phakathi amakhambi ngokuvamile bethola izindawo ngamanzi izimila, ezakhiwe izitshalo efakwe ohlwini e Red Encwadi Ukraine - a nut ezintantayo kanye elintantayo Salvinia.

imvelo Beautiful nezisetshenziswa ukudla okwanele bushelelezi ukuheha lenqwaba izinyoni. Lapha kukhona ezingaphezu kuka-200, phakathi lapho kukhona kakhulu ezinye ezingavamile: spoonbill, pink nevuba, nevuba abacaphuni, Ogar, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed abanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiqiwini amanzi - indawo ubusika isikhathi esingaphezu 120 zezinyoni.

ZaseCarpathos Biosphere Reserve

Ukudalwa kwawo kwaqala ngo-1968 ensimini ka esifundeni yaseTranscarpathia. Area Ingqikithi - 57.880 ha, lapho 31.995 ha - indawo sesikhashana. Lokhu reserve siqukethe afanayo eziyisithupha bese bebeka ezimbili Botanical, kokuba isimo isimo: Yulevskaya Intaba futhi Black Intaba. Zonke ezindaweni ezabelwe kukhona endaweni engamamitha 2061 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle e-indastri Ukraine Carpathians. Nazi acwebile sezintaba beech okuxubile namahlathi fir eyingqopha foothill oki, ohlanzekile kanye ye-alpine Izimfunda namathafa enamadwala-ulele.

Okubekiwe Ukraine idume amahlathi alo, ikakhulukazi ZaseCarpathos. Mayelana 90% insimu yalo imbozwe amahlathi ayekhona kusukela endulo. Esiqiwini has 66 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 zinhlobo ezahlukene ezingenamgogodla, 193 zezinyoni futhi ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 zezitshalo semithambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona engaphezu kwengu-60 zezitshalo 72 zezilwane ezisohlwini Incwadi Red.

Black Sea Biosphere Reserve

He kubhekwa omunye, izinqolobane ngobukhulu endala futhi ebaluleke kunayo Ukraine, ogama indawo udlulisela yonkana izifunda ezimbili - Kherson futhi Mykolaiv. Ikakhulukazi uyaziqhenya Sea Biosphere Reserve iyona ebukeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene owethulwe lapha. Lokhu ezindaweni asemaqeleni we saltmarsh nesihlabathi imigoqo, futhi endaweni bay, namachibi fresh futhi usawoti, kanye Alder, e-aspen kanye birch zeminqumo.

Kwendawo yokusebenza reserve zone of 70 509 amahektha futhi sesikhashana - 18 620 amahektha. Kulaba, 84% - amanzi Yarlitskogo Tendrivskogo amatheku yoLwandle Olumnyama.

Inani elikhulu of zezinyoni ezifudukayo ubusika edonsela ornithologists eziningi kule Biosphere Reserve. Ukraine eyinakekela ngenkuthalo mayelana nokuphepha kwalezi eziyinkimbinkimbi iyingqayizivele ngempela, adalwe Imvelo uqobo lwayo.

Okwamanje, siyazi ukuthi ensimini ka esiqiwini kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 3,500 zinhlobo zezilwane, kuhlanganise 124 zezinto eziphilayo abalulwe Red Encwadi Ukraine futhi 29 - e-European Red List. Ukraine futhi sigcina ezihlukahlukene izinambuzane, kanye Black Sea Reserve - iyathinteka. Esizeni sakhe engatholakala kuka 2,000 zama-izinambuzane, 168 zazo yilezi arachnids.

Iqhaza zigcine empilweni yomuntu yesimanje

Nsuku zonke abantu self-ukuhlonipha ophilayo insimu yayo yomlando, ngaso sonke isikhathi silwele ukulondoloza hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukwandisa imithombo yemvelo kanye ukukhulisa nemibandela khona ezweni labo bomdabu ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.

Nemvelo reserves Ukraine zadalwa umuntu wanamuhla akazange azikhohlwe phakathi zonke ipumelelo kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvula isikhala travel ukuthi emhlabeni kusenabantu amakhona imvelo acwebile, okuyinto okhokho bethu sakhiwa-legends.