IP - Kuyini?

With ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe Inthanethi kanye web sites, nawu umbuzo, indlela ukuthola ulwazi kudivayisi ikhompyutha kwiseva eceliwe ngumsebenzisi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakheli. Lena yindlela ukuthumela ukwaziswa olwandle, zingayazi ikheli umamukeli. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi noma imuphi umshini ikhompyutha uxhumeke kwinethiwekhi has a ikheli elihlukile ehlanganisa izingxenye ezine, ahlukaniswe amachashazi. Uyini isikimu nokudlulisa idatha, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini liqukethe IP, okuyinto - izinhlobo fixed kanye elintantayo lwamakheli e?

Yini kuwukuthi IP-ikheli zedivayisi nendlela iqondiswa

Umlawuli inethiwekhi esabela ngokuzenzakalelayo yimuphi umshini ikhompuyutha exhunywe kwi-router noma ikhebula ezivamile, ikheli elihlukile. Ngalo umsebenzisi angakwazi ukufinyelela wonke amaseva elise ku-intanethi noma amakhompyutha kwenethiwekhi yasendaweni. Ikheli izinombolo ithathwe eBhayibhelini isikhawu kusuka 0 kuya 255. Akukho ikheli le-inthanethi olulodwa, i isipele ekhona. It kuvela ukuthi Amadivayisi e-IP, ezifana nenombolo ye-ID yakho ngabanye. Kungenxa ngokusebenzisa le-IP-ikheli ikhompyutha abakwazi ukufinyelela amasayithi ukulanda ulwazi noma ulithumele umuntu nge e-mail, ukuxhumana nomphakathi noma nge nezinye izinhlelo, ezifana Skype.

Ukuze uthole imithombo okuyinto yewebhu usebenzisa ikhompyutha ethile, kufanele ufake isicelo ngqo umhlinzeki yakhe. Ngakho, ngokushesha ukubala lolu lwazi, ngaphandle kokuthi umsebenzisi ikhompyutha akazange uhlupho ukufihla IP ngokusebenzisa inthanethi service Hideme.ru noma ezinye, ezibizayo isofthiwe anonymizer.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le-IP ukhona ithuba elikhulu ukulandelela indawo ebonakalayo ye-computer up emzini. Ngokwesibonelo, e-yokuxhumana "VKontakte" nethuba ukulandela, nanoma iyiphi i-IP amakheli abahlaseli babekwazi ukungena ku-akhawunti yakho. Lapho ezwa lokhu kwaziswa, ungakwazi kalula ukubala ezweni nedolobha kuyiphi ungene ungene ikhasi.

Izinhlobo IP amakheli

Abaningi abazi ukuthi hhayi kuphela mayelana nezinhlobo ekhona lwamakheli, kodwa futhi mayelana le-IP: it is uguqulwa futhi yini it liqukethe. Ake sizame ukuqonda lezi zinkinga.
Uma umshini ixhunywe kuphela kwikhompyutha kwinethiwekhi wangasese, it has ikheli yangaphakathi. Kungenzeka ngokuthi ngezindlela ezahlukene: grey, lendawo noma kwangasese. Amanethiwekhi ezahlukene kukhona kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ikheli efanayo, okungukuthi, kungashiwo okuphindaphindiwe. Umphakathi kungenzeka uhlobo kuphela phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona. Kungaba ngokuthi womhlaba noma zangaphandle. Siyabonga kuye thina ukufinyelela wonke amafayela nezisetshenziswa sewebhu. Ukwandisa inani amakheli aye ayisebenzisa kaningi ukusakaza kwabo. Kuyini lokhu? Ngokusebenzisa NAT ubuchwepheshe kuphela inombolo lomasango uboniswa inethiwekhi, wonke amakhompyutha ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi, kuyodingeka IP eyodwa kuphela.
Ngaphezu division bangaphakathi nabangaphandle, kukhona static enikezelwe kukhompyutha yakho futhi musa ziyahlukahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokuthi ikheli ashukumisayo IP- ikhompyutha. Nge ngamunye uxhumano lwe-Inthanethi ikheli ashukumisayo zingase zishintshe. Ukuze aqinisekise unomphela ngoba ngokwayo IP efanayo, kukhona kungenzeka Imali uxhumano ikheli isilungisiwe. Its kumhlinzeki wakho. Ngenxa fixed-IP ikheli, ikhompyutha yakho bangaba umshini server jikelele inethiwekhi Inthanethi.

amakilasi inethiwekhi IP Ekhona

• Class "A" ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 1 kuya 126. Lena ikilasi enkulu amanethiwekhi. Anakho 16777216 node amakheli.
• «B» has amanani asuka 127 kuya 191 futhi has ISIZINDA 65536.
• Esikhathini isigaba ikheli «C» IP - kuyini? Ngokuvamile lezi amanethiwekhi ezincane. 256 isigaba iqukethe amakheli.
• Kusekhona inethiwekhi ikheli iqembu. Luqala ngokunikela ekulandelaneni binary code 1110 futhi utfolakala kuluhlobo D.
• Class E amakheli ziye agodliwe ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.

Ngingasitholaphi IP yami

Thola i-IP ikheli kungaba ngezindlela eziningana. Eyodwa yezindlela elula ukuthola ikheli PC yakho ukusebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo. Kungabangela Ebhala kuyi ibhokisi "cmd", uma usebenzisa i-Windows 7.

Ungashayela ke ngendlela efanayo futhi Windows XP.

Enquma ipconfig, uzobona esibukweni akuyona kuphela zamanje IP yakho, kodwa futhi nezinye nemingcele ezifana esangweni ezenzakalelayo , futhi subnet buso.

Kukhona enye indlela esingathola ukuthola IP - ngokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izinsiza ezikhona inthanethi. amawebhusayithi okunjalo bayakwazi ukukhombisa hhayi kuphela ikheli, kodwa futhi umhlinzeki, indawo yakho yokuhlala, yesistimu yokusebenza, ngisho isiphequluli. Lamasu web-based sokubalwa IP Mahhala ukuhoxisa esibukweni yonke idatha ezidingekayo. Kungenzeka ukubona IP yangaphakathi zedivayisi kukhompyutha labona sezindawo imenyu LAN uxhumano lwakho.

Amasevisi ukucacisa IP lomunye

Wena kuncane okwaziwayo ukuthi ukufunda ikheli esinqunyiwe noma othakazelisayo umshini computer futhi okuncane mayelana imiqondo le-IP: lokho oyikho nalokho amakilasi ahlukaniswe. Manje, ngenjongo ukuqaphela kubalulekile ukucabangela indlela ukunquma ikheli kwenye ikhompyutha. Ukwaziswa okunjalo ezosisiza umhlaseli noma ukuthola ikheli contact yakho. Kunezinhlelo ongabonisa ulwazi. Udinga ukukhiqiza inthanethi kokulandela yomunye isixhumanisi IP-ikheli. Uma umsebenzisi echofoza esinye isixhumanisi ikhompyutha, umthombo izothola ngokuzenzakalela IP yayo kanye nokugcina embikweni wayo. Ngakho, ungakwazi ukuthola ikheli umshini ikhompyutha interlocutor yakho.

okutholakele

Ulwazi okukhulunywa ngenhla eziyisisekelo mayelana le-IP: ukuthi kuyini, yiziphi izinhlobo kanye amakilasi ahlukaniswe, izindlela main ukucacisa ikheli wakho newabanye. Kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi usebenzise ikheli le-IP yomunye nganoma iyiphi indlela ezimbi. Lokhu akukhona nje emthethweni, kodwa futhi ihlanganyela ekuziphatheni okubi ngokobulili. Ekhulwini leminyaka yethu vysokoinformatsionny, kunamathuba amaningi ukuthola ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: icebo inethiwekhi engeyokuqala ikheli lePhrothokholi ye-Inthanethi Ikheli, indlela ukuhlela iseva yakho futhi zaziziningi nenye idatha ehlobene ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi yomhlaba zomhlaba. Abaningi bayazibuza: 'Kungani le-IP yami kumele ahluke futhi yini izinombolo asho kuye? " Umbuzo ilula. Njengoba wonke umuntu uyazi, idivayisi Computing usebenza amadijithi. Uhlelo ekhethekile esephepheni izibambo noma yiziphi izimpawu idatha, kokuwaguqulela ku -binary code ngakho uya exchange of ulwazi inethiwekhi global. Isignali ye-adluliswa phezu pair ezisontekile ngokusebenzisa okuxhunyanwa ngokukhethekile TCP / IP olandelwayo, NAT (Network Ikheli Translation) noma abanye. ikheli azinikezele kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola lapho amasignali futhi kuphi uyithumele. Nasi encane ukuthumela idatha isikimu.