Insulin: ukuthi kuyini nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zalo akhona?

Ngamunye wethu oyizwile lesi sifo ezingemnandi, njengoba ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela, kanye insulin, okuyinto isiguli esinikezwa replacement therapy. Into wukuthi e iziguli sikashukela noma musa ukukhiqiza insulini nhlobo sikashukela noma akagcwalisi umsebenzi walo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola umbuzo ukuthi insulini - lokho oyikho nalokho nethonya okunalo umzimba wethu. Uzothola ohambweni oluthakazelisayo ezweni imithi.

Insulin - a ...

Insulin - hormone ekhiqizwa amanyikwe. Khiqiza endocrine amaseli yayo ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i neziqhingana ka-Langerhans (beta amaseli). omdala pancreatic, kukhona abangaba yisigidi neziqhingana, okuyinto misebenzi ifaka ukukhiqizwa we-insulin.

Insulin - kuyini kusukela umbono wezokwelapha? Lokhu i-hormone amaprotheni owenza emzimbeni kuba imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ezidingekayo. Ngo pheshana emathunjini ke kusukela ngaphandle angengene, njengoba uzobe kugaywe njenganoma iyiphi enye into proteinaceous. Daily amanyikwe okuthela elincane ngemuva (basal) nge-insulini. Ngemva kokudla, nomzimba ubalungisa nenani kudingwa umzimba ukuba ugaye wathola amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate. Ake sicabangele umbuzo yini umphumela we-insulin emzimbeni.

insulini umsebenzi

Insulin unesibopho nokugcinwa nekulawulwa umzimba carbohydrate. Okungukuthi, le hormone kunomphumela eziyinkimbinkimbi enezici kuwo wonke izicubu emzimbeni, kubangelwe Kuvuselela imiphumela yako enzyme eziningi.

Omunye main kanye nezici edume kakhulu le hormone - ukulawulwa amazinga igazi glucose. Kudingeka umzimba unomphela, ngoba ubhekisela izakhi ezidingekayo cell ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka. Insulin ahlahlele yona into elula, sandla ukumuncwa yayo lingene egazini. Uma kwamanyikwe ukhiqiza ke izinto eziningi enganele, glucose akusho uqinisa amaseli, futhi aqoqana igazi. Igcwele i ukwanda e amazinga kashukela egazini (Hyperglycemia), okuyinto luhambisana nomthwalo nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo.

Futhi kwenziwe nge-insulini ukuthuthwa amino acid kanye potassium.
Bambalwa eyaziwa Anabolic izakhiwo insulin, ngisho esidlulele ngokwengeziwe umphumela steroid (okokugcina Nokho, abakhethayo ngaphezulu).

izinhlobo insulini

Insulin izinhlobo zihlukaniswa imvelaphi yabo futhi umphumela.

Fast-oyibamba enalo emzimbeni. Lolu hlobo lwe-insulini iqala ukusebenza kwawo ngokushesha ngemva kokuphathwa, futhi Selilonke kufinyelelwe 1-1.5. Ubude besikhathi - 3-4 amahora. It is yethulwa phambi nje noma ngaphambi kokudla. Ukuze izidakamizwa kokuba nemiphumela efanayo, zihlanganisa, "okusha Rapid", "insulin Apidra" futhi "insulin Humalog."

insulini iDemo kuyalithinta ngemizuzu 20-30 emva isicelo. Ngemva kwamahora angu-2-3 igazi izidakamizwa lokuhlushwa ifinyelela iphuzu esiphezulu. Sekukonke, kukhona amahora mayelana 5-6. Ingabe injected imizuzu 15-20 ngaphambi kokudla. "Ungadla" kunconywa ukwenzani amahola angu 2-3 ukufunda ngemva kokuphathwa we-insulin. Isikhathi sokudla kumele kuhambisane nesikhathi umphumela esiphezulu zomuthi. izidakamizwa "Humulin Regulus", "insulin Actrapid", "Monodar Humodar" - esifushane wenza izidakamizwa.

ESigabeni leSisemkhatsini-esebenza insulins kanjani umzimba eside kakhulu - kusuka amahora 12 kuya 16. Kuyadingeka ukwenza 2-3 imijovo ngelanga, ngokuvamile ngezikhathi amahora 8-12, kusukela umphumela bona akhe aqala ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwamahora angu-2-3 ngemva kokuphathwa. umphumela zabo esiphezulu kufinyelelwa ngemuva kwamahora 6-8. ESigabeni leSisemkhatsini-esebenza insulini - ukwakhiwa "Protafan" (insulini womuntu) "Humudar BR", "insulin Novomiks".

Futhi ekugcineni, insulin eside esebenza, emakamu esiphezulu kufinyelelwe emva kwezinsuku 2-3 emva ekuphathweni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi liqale ukwenza emahoreni angu-4-6 kuphela. Isetshenziselwa izikhathi 1-2 ngosuku. Lawa izidakamizwa njenge "insulin Lantus", "Monodar Long", "Ultralente." Leli qembu kungenzeka kufake hlangana okuthiwa "bezpikovy" insulini. Kuyini lokhu? Kuyinto insulini ukuthi inomphumela evelele, usebenza kahle futhi unobtrusively, ngakho cishe ingena esikhundleni ndoda "bomdabu", ekhiqizwa amanyikwe.

izinhlobonhlobo insulini

insulini Human - a analog ama-hormone, ekhishwa amanyikwe yethu. insulini okunjalo futhi 'abafowabo' yayo izakhi kubhekwa eziphambili kunabanye izinhlobo okuvela ezilwaneni insulini.

i-hormone Swine efana okungenhla, kwasinda olulodwa amino acid ukwakheka. Can baxabane nomzimba.

Insulin izinkomo kancane efana eyabantu. Ngokuvamile ibangela yokungezwani komzimba njengoba iqukethe iprotheni angaphandle umzimba. ezingeni insulin egazini umuntu enempilo lunezinkinga ezinkulu. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Yini okufanele ibe ezingeni insulin egazini?

Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu enempilo izinga evamile wegazi insulini ukudla, zokhahlamba kusuka 2 kuya ku-28 mu / Mol. Ezinganeni-ke Kuthi aphansi - kusuka amayunithi 3 kuya ku-20, futhi uma owesifazane okhulelwe, kunalokho, ephakeme - ngesilinganiso-6 kuya 27 mu / Mol. Endabeni insulini ukuphambuka causeless kusukela kuyinsakavukela (ezingeni insulin egazini lenyuke noma sehliselwe), kunconywa ukuba banake ekudleni kwakho kanye nendlela yokuphila.

Kwamazinga igazi le-hormone

Ukwandiswa insulini imiphumela ukulahlekelwa ukusetshenziswa cishe kwayo yonke yayo izimfanelo ezinhle, okuyinto kunomthelela ongemuhle empilweni. It kwandisa umfutho wegazi, kunomthelela ekukhuluphaleni (ngenxa glucose engafanele zithutha) kunomphumela umdlavuza futhi wandise ingozi yesifo sikashukela. Uma uke aphakeme insulini, kufanele sinake indlela odla ngayo, uzama ukusebenzisa okuningi njengoba imikhiqizo zingenzeka ongaphakeme gipoklikemicheskim Inkomba (imikhiqizo ephansi fat yobisi, imifino, izithelo enuka omuncu, isinkwa nge bran).

insulini encishisiwe egazini

Futhi kukhona izimo lapho encishisiwe insulin egazini. Kuyini futhi indlela yokuphatha? Inani ngokweqile ongaphakeme ushukela egazini kuholela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Kulokhu, kutuswa ukuba banake ukudla ukufukula kwamanyikwe - a yogurt, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka fresh, abilisiwe inyama ebomvu, apula, iklabishi izimpande parsley (decoction siyasebenza ikakhulukazi uma ethola esiswini esingenalutho).

Ngokudla ukudla okunempilo, uzokwazi ukuba kulesetayelekile amazinga insulin futhi kuvimbele yezinkinga, njengesifo sikashukela.

Insulin nesifo sikashukela

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-diabetes - 1 futhi 2. Eyokuqala iphathelene yesifo azalwa naso libhekene ekubhujisweni kancane kancane pancreatic beta amaseli. Uma zisatholakala engaphansi kwengama-20%, umzimba, asisakwazi ukumelana nalomsebenzi, futhi kuba nesidingo replacement therapy. Kodwa lapho esiqhingini engaphezu kwengu-20%, ungase ukhohlwe ngisho yiluphi ushintsho oluzwayo empilweni yakho. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ekwelashweni short futhi ultrashort-insulin, kanye ngemuva (enwetshiwe).

Eyesibili uhlobo sikashukela - kuluthola. amaseli Beta sitholakele lo msebenzi, "unembeza", kodwa insulin sinqamukile - ngeke isakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wabo, okuholela ushukela futhi aqoqana igazi kungabangela eziyingozi, kuze gipoklikemicheskoy equlekile. Ukuze nokwelashwa kwayo usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisiza ukubuyisela umsebenzi ezilahlekile hormone.

Iziguli sikashukela uhlobo lokuqala zidingeka ngokushesha insulin, kodwa uhlobo sikashukela yesibili ngokuvamile isikhathi eside (eminyakeni eminingi noma ngisho emashumini) ikhiphe imithi. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusadingeka "ahlale" on-insulini.

ukuphathwa insulin kusiza balahle nezinkinga ezingase ukuthuthukisa ngenkathi uziba izidingo umzimba e eyamukelayo yayo kusukela ngaphandle, futhi kusiza ukunciphisa umthwalo kwamanyikwe ngisho neqhaza ekululameni yayo olungaphelele beta cell.

Kukholakala ukuthi ukuqala ukwelashwa nge-insulini, phindela izidakamizwa (amaphilisi) engasakwazi. Nokho, uzovuma, kungcono ukuqala ekuqaleni ukujova nge-insulini, uma kunesidingo, kunokuba ziwushiye - kulokhu ukugwema eziyingozi. Odokotela bathi kukhona ithuba esikhathini esizayo ukuze senqabele imijovo e abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 lapho ukwelashwa insulini uqalwe ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, asilandele ngokucophelela impilo yakho, ungakhohlwa unamathele indlela yokudla ehambisana nempilo - abayikho isici esibalulekile siyimiqemane. Khumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela - lokhu akulona umusho, kodwa ukuphila.

ucwaningo olusha

Ososayensi siqhubeke ngobudlova funa izindlela zokwenza ukuphila kulula kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ngo-2015, e-United States kwethulwa umkhiqizo omusha - kudivayisi ephefumula insulin, okuzokwenza esikhundleni emjovweni ukwenza ukuphila sikashukela kulula. Le divayisi isivele iyatholakala Pharmacy American by kadokotela.

Ngawo lowo nyaka (futhi futhi e-United States) wethulwa okubizwa ngokuthi "insulini smart", okuyinto zifakwa emzimbeni nsuku zonke, kusebenze wena uma kunesidingo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uye kuphela evivinywa izilwane futhi ingakamiswa evivinywa abantu, kusobala - ososayensi baye zathola kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaleni kuka-2015. Ake bathemba ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ngeke sijabulise abakutholile abanesifo sikashukela.