Inqubomgomo ye glasnost - imbangela Ngokuwa sotsialistizma global

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-Eighties, kwakukhona izinguquko njalo abaholi beqembu e-USSR, uBrezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko ke. Isizathu ukuthi kungani onobhala-jikelele eshiye yakhe, kwakukuhle, nokufa imbangela yokufa kwalo, yena, futhi ehloniphekile - ukuguga nezifo ezihlobene eziningi. Kanjalo-ke, ngo-1985, uNobhala Jikelele omusha wakhethwa ngesikhathi Plenum leKomiti Central of the CPSU Central Committee Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev. Ngu amazinga ke ubuholi, wayengumuntu odelelayo abasha, waba muva nje kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi komhlangano, waphenduka 54.

Umholi omusha beqembu, futhi kungakho lizwe, waqaphela ukuthi isimiso sezwe sezenhlalo, futhi, ngokukhethekile, e eSoviet Union , inkinga enkulu. Umnotho iyasilela, abantu baphuze kakhulu utshwala, futhi ngempela zonke ngandlela-thile hhayi ngakho ... Waqala ukwenza.

Ngemva kwenyanga izakhamuzi zaseSoviet wafunda ukuthi ukushesha - akusiwona kuphela lokho imbangela ungemandla, kodwa ngale ndlela yokusebenza.

Ngokushesha le nkampani anti-utshwala, okuholele isiphuzo kancane akazange ashade, kodwa umkhakha iwayini viticulture baye bahlupheka. Kwabe sekufika inqubomgomo glasnost. Izinto eziza kuqala.

Ngakho, ukusheshisa, inqubomgomo sokuvuleleka yeningi e lemali ebekwe elithi "yokwakha kabusha", okuyinto njengabantu ethinta inhliziyo liphinyiselwe abaholi amazwe aseNtshonalanga, akusho ukuhumusha ezilimini lwabo lwendabuko, njengelithi "satellite" ngo-1957.

Lokhu ematfuba okusheshayo akakwazi ukuba nethonya elilimaza on the bagongobaliswe uhlelo sezenhlalo, kodwa kwaba Inqubomgomo glasnost Gorbachev sika okwaholela nciphisa yayo ngokuphelele.

Yiqiniso, hhayi eyami omunye parttermin kubo abhubhise izwe. Loluhlelo yokuqala nabashisekeli bezinguquko leKomiti Central wanikezwa nje lidinga bahlobise indaba, ukumambula nokushiyeka, kodwa eziyisisekelo ningathinti, usebenza kwi "UStalin wathambisa isandla ezimbi, uLenin futhi bakahle." Uma Stalin esingu Bukharin, isibonelo, kungokuba le yokugcina yayiningi kakhulu smart. Futhi ukufakazela ikhotheshini kusukela Lenin "Blue-Notebook". Yezhov awubalwa icala lakhe.

Kodwa le nqubo glasnost Kubangela ukucasuka okukhulu kwamanye amalungu eKomiti Central ngisho izakhamuzi ezivamile, futhi isihloko esithi odumile Niny Andreevoy e "Pravda" baba Manifesto yabo.

Ukuzama ukubeka ulwazi ukugeleza control, omunye abaholi CPSU I. Polozkov bavumelana ngisho nangaphambi inqubomgomo glasnost, ngokuqinisekile ezinhle, kodwa unelungelo ke kuphela bangamakhomanisi.

Yokuhogela nobuthakathaka uhulumeni, abaholi eziningi ukunyakaza ukuphikiswa, ikakhulukazi isizwe waqala unamathele umugqa sazo, okubangela ukufa nokucekelwa phansi kwezinto. Lokhu kuye kwenzeka NK, Tbilisi nezinye amaphuzu "okuphakeme lokushisa". Imizamo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthula ngamandla iholele emiphumeleni ngisho nakakhulu. Ekugcineni, abantu abaningi baqaphela ukuthi sasingekho "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni nge bomuntu" akukwazi. ubuso bakhe awushintshanga. Lokhu kuchaza Ngokuwa umzamo wokuketula umbuso ngo-1991 futhi ukunqoba Yeltsin.

Yaphela kanjalo-ke inkathi lamakhomanisi, futhi inqubomgomo glasnost. Izimpumelelo kanye nezindleko manje kungenzeka ukuhlaziya. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zibandakanya kwavela ngokuzuma ngasekupheleni 80-yalolucwaningo umphakathi e izwi ezinyathelisiwe, siqala ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela. Futhi yesibili - engacabangeki iziyaluyalu, okuyinto uhlome lizwe iminyaka engamashumi amabili, futhi bazizwa imiphumela zazo sonke kuyoba isikhathi eside ...