INdodana uPetru mina Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov: isithombe, biography. Izingane Alexei Petrovich

Indlalifa uPetru mina Aleksey Petrovich ingenye izibalo ebanga usizi kunazo zonke futhi Ayindida emlandweni we Romanov lwamakhosi. Ngenxa ezingqubuzana uyise, wabalekela phesheya kodwa waphindela kwelakubo, enikwa isigwebo sokufa futhi wafa ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali ejele.

indodana engathandwa

Alexei Petrovich Romanov wazalwa Februwari 18, 1690. igama likanina lalingu-Evdokia Lopuchin, lapho uPetru abasha washada ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ngaphambi ukubonakala ukuthi bazoba nendlalifa. Nokho, ngokushesha kakhulu le nkosi wokuzilibazisa entsha - indodakazi yenkosi angaphandle Anna Mons zokuhlala esithandayo isiJalimane, lapho umbusi wachitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi khulula. Autocrat ekugcineni Sahlukana Evdokiey Lopuhinoy e 1694, lapho indodana yakhe endala lalilincane kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, u-Alexei Petrovich Romanov babengamazi a idyll umndeni. Ngokushesha okukhulu, ke eqinisweni waba umthwalo kuyise. Isimo zaba zimbi lapho uPetru ngathumela Evdokia e Pokrovsky Monastery e Suzdal. Yize izithembiso ngokusemthethweni esikhundleni amacala ezehlukaniso. Evdokia umyeni lokuqala abazange bavumele nabo. Waze wacela lokulabhela uMbhishobhi Omkhulu u-Adrian. Inhloko abefundisi wazama ngempela ukuvikela inkosazana kusukela umyeni wakhe ukuthi nje ofuthelene ngaphezulu uPetru. Ngenxa yalokho, Evdokia waya sezindela eqashelwe. Kwathi 1698, phakathi Musketeers uthuli wavula eMoscow.

kumiswa

indaba nowezinengiso ukuxoshwa imuphi umama angakujabulela ukuba nomthelela Alexei Petrovich. Ngemva kwaleso senzakalo, umfana wahlala inakekelwa u-anti wakhe, Princess Natalia Alekseevna. UYise sithakazelo esitheni indodana yakhe, njengoba nje naye engumlingisi sendleleni njalo. Lonke ukuphila kaPetru mina sanikezelwa izindaba zombuso, Okwamanje, njengoba umndeni wayengadlanga isikhathi noma isifiso usisebenzisa.

Alexei waba othisha ambalwa. Eyokuqala yalezi - idikoni Nikifor Vyazemsky - wabelwa emuva eneminyaka eyisithupha Prince. Wafundisa abafana zamagama, bese ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Esikhathini esithile ngisho UPetru wayefuna ukuthumela indodana yayo ukuba ukufunda ku Dresden ngezisusa intsha ezihloniphekayo, kodwa wanquma ngokumelene nalo. Kunalokho u-Alexei Preobrazhensky esigodlweni zidedeliwe amaJalimane - Martin Neugebauer noHeinrich Gyuyssena. Ukwengamela le nkosi ngaphambilini ozithandayo wakhe, futhi isandla sakhe sokunene Aleksandru Menshikovu.

indlalifa

Kule minyaka edlule, ubaba ubuhlobo nasenzalweni yakhe ningabi ukufudumala. Kunalokho, lingabantu ababekade bephakathi ngaphezulu izinsolo mutual. INdodana Petru 1 Alexei Petrovich wafundiswa kahle, wayazi izilimi zakwamanye amazwe kanye nesayensi. Kodwa uyise kwamcasula ukuthi akanandaba ezindabeni zezempi. Ngezinye izikhathi le nkosi wathatha indlalifa izintaba. Okokuqala kwenzeka 1704, lapho amabutho Russian kutheleka ngokunqoba Narva.

Khona-ke, lapho ibutho isiSwidi kaCharles XII ihlasela iRussia, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich esasiphethe ukulungiselela ekumeleleni eMoscow uma ukuhlaselwa isitha. Incwadi kayise, lapho amthethise indodana yakhe yokungenzi nokunganaki. intukuthelo kaPetru kwabangelwa nezinye izimo. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama-Alexei ngasese waya sezindela kunina ababedingisiwe. Umbusi babenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ubeke umkhawulo uxhumane indodana yakhe nonkosikazi wokuqala. Mayelana kuhambele u-Alexei Petrovich, wafunda ngokusebenzisa izinhloli zakhe okubalahla. INdodana wakwazi zemikhaya evelele ukuze kushwelezwe uyise ngokusebenzisa incwadi evela indlovukazi yakhe futhi esizayo uMbusikazi uCatherine I.

eJalimane

Ngo 1709, indodana Petru 1 Alexei Petrovich namanje waya eJalimane ukufunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubaba wakhe ayefuna ukuthola khona umakoti angaphandle. Ngaphambi kwalokho, lo tsars Russian washada nabesifazane Russian kuphela, futhi kungaba Lokudabuka ethobekile. Lesi simo sengqondo emshadweni babevamile ekhulwini XVII. Khona-ke inkosi, okwenza Russia ngxenye yeYurophu, kubhekwe dynastic lomshado ithuluzi ebalulekile zamanxusa. On iseluleko uthisha Alexei Petrovich, wanquma ahlele ngayo emshadweni wendodana yakhe Charlotte Lüneburg - indodakazi isikhulu German, udadewabo iNdlovukazi ikusasa Austria.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba bashade, isikhulu kwadingeka ukuthi baqede imfundo yabo. isiqephu baziwa lapho ngemva kokubuyela e-Russia, owesaba ukuhlolwa ugobe, esingu yena ingalo isibhamu. Lesi senzo waphinda kwabathukuthelisa uyise. UPitrosi akhenge beat ngoba le ndodana, kodwa futhi wamenqabela ukuba avele enkantolo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, le nkosi sizinzile bese wenza ukuthula nenkosi ingane. Ngo ukuqhuma ezinjalo yokufutheka kuyiso sonke uhlamvu uPetru wehlelwe yini. Ukuze zonke ithalente yakhe nokuzikhandla kwakhe, wayengumuntu umashiqela, ababengeke bakwazi ukubekezelela ukungalaleli. Yingakho wonke eseduze izibalo autocrat Abantu ababengewona ama-kwawena. Besaba liphikisa inkosi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi uyaphika, okuyinto ehlukile Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. It kakhulu baba yisisulu yisififane abukhali kayise.

Wedding nezingane

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo vicissitudes ka ngokuxabana umndeni futhi kuhlelwe umshado kwenzeka. Okthoba 14, 1711 emzini elinokukhohlakala kakhulu eliseTorgau ukuthi eshada Alexis futhi Charlotte Lüneburg. Lo mkhosi ubuhanjelwe yena uPetru I. Maduze kwaba sobala ukuthi abashadayo Union kuyoba bagcinelwe nzima kakhulu. Charlotte kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg, kodwa waqhubeka ngowesinye isizwe ongamazi. Wehluleka usondele noma nomyeni wakhe noma nge e-mthetho.

Nakuba ubuhlobo siqu abashadayo ayisebenzanga, umsebenzi oyinhloko walo inkosazana dynastic namanje ugcwalisekile. Ngo-1714, lo mbhangqwana waba indodakazi, Natalia, futhi ngemva konyaka - indodana eside elindelwe uPetru. Nokho, ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe unina wazizwa egula. Isimo sakhe siya siba sibi kakhulu, futhi zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi emva kokuzalwa Princess Natalia (njengoba yaziwa eRussia) wafa. INdodana Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich uPetru engu-12 kamuva owaba uMbusi uPetru II.

ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo

Bantwana Alexei Petrovich wayengeyena kuphela omusha asebukhosini. Umbusi ngokwakhe ngegama lendodana yakhe engathandwa ithole enye ingane. Le ngane okuthiwa uPyotr Petrovich (umama Wakhe Ngokuzayo Catherine mina). Ngakho ngokuzumayo Alexei saphela kube indlalifa okuwukuphela kwayo kayise (manje ukuthi uyindodana yesibili nomzukulu). Isimo wambeka esimweni esiyinkinga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila entsha Petersburg is ngokucacile alingeni uhlamvu ezifana Alexei Petrovich. Photo ekumeni sakhe sikhombisa indoda manqikanqika kancane ubuhlungu. Waqhubeka ukuba bafeze izabelo zomphakathi uyise enamandla, nakuba wenza kanjalo emadolonzima, ukuthi ngokuphindaphindiwe kwabathukuthelisa autocrat.

Ngisesekhaya betadisha eJalimane, Alex wabuza abangane bakhe eMoscow ukuthumela kuye umambuli entsha lowo zivume obala mayelana konke lokho kwakumkhathaza nsizwa. Isikhulu lwalumhlabe yenkolo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wamesaba kakhulu izinhloli uyise. Nokho, umambuli entsha Yakov Ignatev wayengubani ngempela akekho noyedwa izikhonzi uPetru. Uma Alex wayemtshelile ezinhliziyweni zabo ukuthi ulinde ukufa kukayise. Ignatyev wathi okufanayo ufuna abangane abaningi indlalifa eMoscow. Ngakho, ngempela kungalindelekile, Alex bathola abasekeli wakhe baqala indlela esaholela ekufeni kwakhe.

isinqumo esinzima

Ngo-1715, uPetru wathumela indodana yakhe incwadi lapho ningabeki isikhubekiso phambi okukhethayo - noma Alex ukulungiswa (ie, iqala ukuba bahlanganyele impi futhi kuthatha Inqubomgomo kayise), noma ithunyelwe ephathelene nokuphatha izindela. Indlalifa ubekade kwangqingetshe. Akakuthandanga izinhlelo eziningi uPetru, kuhlanganise engapheli yemikhankaso yezempi futhi izinguquko ezinkulu ngokuphila kuleli zwe. Lesi simo sengqondo lahlanganyelwa izicukuthwane amaningi (ziqhamuka eMoscow). Elite saba khona kwenqatshwa nezimundiso izinguquko, kodwa umbhikisho womphakathi akekho owaba nesibindi, ngoba iqhaza kwanoma yikuphi ukuphikiswa sesenza ihlazo noma ukufa.

Autocrat, ngokubeka ugwayi katiki ukuba indodana yakhe, wamnika kwesikhathi kubonise ngesinqumo sakhe. Biography of Alexei Petrovich has iziqephu kuyadida eziningi ezinjalo, kodwa isimo saba ebulalayo. Ngemva kokuthintana eseduze (kwasekuqaleni elekhanda le Petersburg Admiralty Aleksandrom Kikinym), wanquma ukuba abalekele Russia.

indiza

Ngo 1716, kusukela Petersburg abeze eCopenhagen, amanxusa, eliholwa Alexei Petrovich. INdodana uPetru wayengomunye ukubona eDenmark noyise. Nokho, ngenxa yokuba Polish Gdansk, isikhulu wavele washintsha indlela yakhe futhi empeleni wabalekela Vienna. Lapho, u-Alex zaqala ukuxoxa ngoba ukukhoseliswa ezombusazwe. Austrians emthuma ukuba Naples esekusithekeni.

uhlelo nombaleki kwaba ukulinda fa ngalesosikhathi bolevshego Tsar isiRashiya, bese ubuyela ezweni lakubo eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, uma kunesidingo, kanye amabutho akwelinye izwe. Alex utshele ngayo kamuva kuyi uphenyo. Nokho, umuntu angabona ngokuphepha bacabanga ukuthi la mazwi ngoba iqiniso, ngenxa Kuboshwe nje akhishwe ubufakazi ezidingekayo. Ngokusho kobufakazi Austrians, isikhulu ubekade hysterics. Ngakho-ke, cishe kungenziwa wagomela ukuthi baya eYurophu aphume ithemba futhi ukwesaba ngekusasa lawo.

E-Austria

Ngokushesha uPetru wafunda lapho indodana yakhe egijima. E-Austria khona bese waya enkosini abantu abathembekile. Inhloko enomsebenzi obalulekile waqokwa ohlakaniphile sobudala uPetru UTolstoy. Wabika ukuthi Austrian uMbusi UCharles VI, lona kanye iqiniso khona phansi Alexei Habsburg kuyinto ngempama yeRussia. Nombaleki wakhetha Vienna ngenxa nokuzwelana yakhe nenkosi umshado wakhe ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela.

Mhlawumbe UCharles VI kwezinye izimo, kwakuyosiza odingisiwe, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, Austria ilwa yoMbuso WaseTurkey futhi wayelungiselela ezingqubuzana Spain. Thola ngaphansi kwalezi zimo nesitha esinamandla kangaka, njengoba uPetru mina, umbusi engafuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena blundered futhi Alex. Wabe esenza uvalo kwaba ngokucacile hhayi beqiniseka. Ngenxa yalokho, iziphathimandla Austrian wenzé ezivuna. Peter UTolstoy wathola ilungelo ahlangane nge nombaleki.

izingxoxo

Peter UTolstoy, wahlangana Alexey, uye wasebenzisa zonke izindlela kunokwenzeka namasu ukuze uthole nawo abuya. Ngokuhamba babe ziqinisekiso onenhliziyo enhle ukuthi uyise ukumthethelela futhi uvumele ukuphila ngokukhululeka izindlu zabo.

I-Messenger akazange bayakhohlwa Amacebo uhlakaniphile. Wanxusa isikhulu, UCharles VI ukuthi, azifuni ubudlelwane noPetru, noma kunjalo, ngeke alisibekele, bese u-Alexei ncamashi kuyoba eRussia njengeselelesi. Ekugcineni, isikhulu zivumile ukubuyela emazweni enkaba yabo.

enkantolo

Februwari 3, 1718 UPetru No-Alex elalihlanganyela eMoscow Kremlin. Indlalifa wakhala futhi bacela ukuba abathethelele. Inkosi wazitshaya ingatfukutseli uma ingane enqaba kwesihlalo sobukhosi ifa (azenzayo).

Ngemva kwalokho, waqala kwesivivinyo. Ekuqaleni, lo mbaleki wanika abalandeli bakhe, "bamthonya 'isenzo ngamawala. Beboshwa futhi isijeziso esisemthethweni. UPetru wayefuna ukubona ekuqaleni kwazo Uzungu inkosikazi yokuqala yakhe Evdokia Lopuchin nabefundisi oppositional. Nokho, uphenyo lwembula ukuthi inkosi akazange asijabulele inombolo olukhudlwana zabantu.

ukufa

Ngiphakathi Biography emfushane ka-Alexei Petrovich ayiqukethe ulwazi olunembile mayelana ngokufa kwakhe. Ngokwe imiphumela yophenyo, okwaholela zonke esifanayo naleso uPetru UTolstoy, lo mbaleki enikwa isigwebo sokufa. Nokho, akazange athathe indawo. Alex wafa 26 Juni, 1718 ku uPetru noPawulu Fortress, lapho avalelwa phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala lakhe. Ngokusemthethweni kwamenyezelwa ukuthi waquleka. Mhlawumbe isikhulu wabulawa ukuze imfihlo kaPetru, futhi mhlawumbe ize yena wafa ngaphandle kokunikezela abanolwazi e uphenyo zokuhlukunyezwa. Ukuze onguMninimandla onke nkosi kokujeziswa indodana yakhe siqu kungaba isenzakalo okuyihlazo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kukhona isizathu sokukholwa ukuthi wayalela ukubhekana Alex kusengaphambili. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka-iqiniso futhi bazifunde.

Ngemva kokufa Alexei Petrovich isungule iphuzu classical umbono izimbangela idrama okwenzekile. It itholakala lokuthi ukuthi indlalifa kwaba ngaphansi kwethonya elidala olandelanayo izikhulu eMoscow kanye nobutha abefundisi enkosini. Nokho, njengoba azi zonke izimo ingxabano, akakwazi ngokuthi isikhulu imbuka futhi akusho khumbula degree of icala uPetru mina kule nhlekelele.