Indlela yokwenza isisekelo isitini ngezandla zakhe

Ngokuvamile suburban isakhiwo ongaphakeme liphumele Monolithic isisekelo ukhonkolo kuthululwe. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, ukwakha isizinda yendlu isetshenziswa kanye isitini. Kukhethwa le nto kuyinto ezimweni eziningi kunqunywa yokuthi kungashiwo ukwakha ekhangayo kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa sobuhle bayo, design.

Buhle kusetshenziswe izitini ezisikiwe

Impilo Umklamo izisekelo ezakhiwa kulokhu kwaziswa ingaphansi kunobukaJohane Monolithic. Kodwa-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo umkhuba ngokuvamile kwenzeka abasebenzela. Uma isakhiwo sikakhonkolo iribhoni ukwazi thembeke ukuvikela odongeni lwendlu ekubhujisweni phakathi neminyaka 200-300, impilo inkonzo base isitini ngokuvamile ezingaphezu kuka 400. Kodwa-ke, umklamo onamandla futhi iqine ezinjalo ngeke ujike kuphela uma ngokunemba ubuchwepheshe yayo ukwakhiwa. Kamuva esihlokweni, futhi sixoxe ngendlela ukubeka isisekelo izitini ngezandla zabo ngendlela efanele.

Kwezinye izimo, ungasebenzisa isitini esikhundleni ukhonkolo

Ukwakha izisekelo lolu hlobo izindlu ikakhulukazi kuphela ezomile nenhlabathi nepuchinistyh. Libuye ezifiselekayo ezingeni komhlaba e nasesakhiweni ongaphakeme ngangokunokwenzeka. Hhayi izinze kangangokuba phansi isitini isisekelo ovunyelwe ukuqoqa kuphela ngaphambi ethela ukhonkolo "isiguqo" nokuqiniswa saziso. Nge etafuleni amanzi high in the nosimende ngokungeza ukwakhiwa ekhethekile ngcono ungangenisi amanzi alo izakhiwo. Kungenjalo, isisekelo ezinjalo ngeke ngokushesha ukuwohloka ngenxa umswakama.

Ukuze izakhiwo ngenhla amathathu phansi kwesisekelo isitini ka kwezokwakha kungavunyelwe ukwakha. Endabeni ka eziphuthumayo ivumela isakhiwo base enamandla kwagcizelela kwalesi silwane. Nokho, kulesi simo, isisekelo uya ngokungenangqondo ezibizayo. Ngakho-ke, empeleni isakhiwo 3 izibuya ngokuvamile zakhelwa okwamanje Monolithic isisekelo kakhonkolo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lolu hlobo design uvame eqoqwe ngaphansi izindonga zezindlu esakhiwe ngezinto ukukhanya. Ngokwesibonelo, isixazululo ezinhle kakhulu ukwakha isisekelo izitini ngaphansi kwendlu log. Kuhle kakhulu, le ndlela kuyinto ekahle Planking, iphaneli indlu noma udonga eyakhelwe Foam ukhonkolo. Ngaphansi isitini noma Monolithic izakhiwo ngezizathu ezifana unganelisekile. Kulokhu kakhulu, kungcono ukwakha Monolithic kwagcizelela isakhiwo ukhonkolo.

Regulations ngezizathu ezifana nombolo ayisetshenziselwa kuphela amakhaya, kodwa futhi noma iyiphi enye insiza. Isikhathi esining impela, isibonelo, kuvuswa kwasekusekelweni isitini ngaphansi okugeza, Arbor, egalaji. inhlangano inqubo isisekelo kuyakhiwa ngekwetinhloso letehlukene kuyinto cishe okufanayo.

Indlela ukukhetha impahla

Izinhlobonhlobo izitini emakethe samanje, kunezindlela eziningi. Nokho, ukusebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe izisekelo awukwazi zonke izinhlobo impahla. Kufanele le njongo, kuphela abomvu isitini Ceramic, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi akubona bonke. itshe Izinkomba emiselwe kwakhiwa isisekelo sendlu kufanele kube:

• amandla brand okungenani 150;

• frost 35 nowe;

• kwabantu hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1600 kg / m ^3;

• amanzi ukumuncwa - 6-16%.

Abantu impahla onazo zonke lezi zimfuneko, ngokuthi isitini-Zheleznyak. Lapho ekhetha ukuthi abanje bakhandwe ngamatshe kufanele sinake kuhlanganise ukubukeka kwayo. Brick umbala obomvu ibonisa ukuthi is hhayi wokushiswa, futhi ngenxa yalokho akubona okuhlala kakhulu kanye nomswakama ukumelana. imiphetho ngilugweda noma ayizindunduma itshe, kunalokho, lisikisela ukuthi yayigcinwe kuhhavini isikhathi eside kakhulu. isitini ezinjalo ezahlukene ethambile. Yakha isisekelo sendlu kungaba ka esezingeni impahla. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthengwa itshe kufanele sinake idumela umphakeli nomakhi.

Ngezinye izikhathi abanikazi ezindaweni suburban kakhulu isisekelo (ingxenye yayo nangaphansi komhlaba) kuvuna kusukela hematite futhi plinth - kusukela isitini esihlabathini-lime. Ukwenza amakhodi ngakho ukwakha kuvunyelwe. Kodwa kuphela icala ngokwedlulele kunazo - on nenhlabathi ezomile futhi ekwakhiweni yini ezinye izakhiwo abangelutho (ekhishini ehlobo, igalaji, khipha, hozblok, njll ...).

Ukumba umsele

Kusukela esisekelweni yakhiwe ngezitini ngezandla zakhe? Step by imiyalelo isinyathelo inhlangano salesi sibhedlela zizonikezwa kamuva kulesi sihloko ngokuningiliziwe. Nokho, Okokuqala, kufanele namanje ukubhekana yini okufanele umsele ngaphansi kwalesi sakhiwo, futhi ukuze enze kahle umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo.

Yakha of isakhiwo itshe iziqondiso uvunyelwe kuphela izisekelo columnar noma ikhasethi izindlu. Musa ukuqoqa ngezitini wavuma lwajula izisekelo izitini. Sole lokhu ukumisa, kunoma yiliphi icala, kumele itholakale ngezansi uhlu frost. Izifunda eseningizimu yaleli zwe, bangamaphesenti 0.6-1 m, elisenyakatho ongafinyelela afinyelela ku 2.5 m. Izibalo ngqo ingatholakala lwemibhalo ekhethekile.

Imisele ngaphansi kwesisekelo isitini kuyodingeka umbe hhayi kuphela ojulile, kodwa ububanzi. Ngempela, kulesi simo, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuthi kube makhi kwadingeka isikhala eyanele ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe. Ngemva ukwakhiwa ngezitini isisekelo iyona "extra" Isikhala igcwaliswe ngobumba landiswa noma inhlabathi ukukhanya. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba sinciphise izinga lokutholakala kwengculazi okokuqandisa Izinga indawo ethize, kanye ukuze sinciphise umthelela omubi ingxenye komhlaba ukwakhiwa entwasahlobo ka ukuvuvukala.

Ezinye izindaba zika-emseleni bemba ngaphansi base ngaphansi imithetho efanayo ukwanda okuvamile. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana-wokugubha pre is ezenziwe usebenzisa nezikhonkwane nentambo (by indlela "unxantathu waseGibhithe" , noma "we Curves ezimbili"), bese wenza earthworks.

Ulungiselela isixazululo wokwakha

Ikhwalithi isisekelo isitini izimfuneko anda. Phela, indlela kuyoba lula, sokunquma ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu isakhiwo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke kufanele enze izinto ngendlela akabangeli nje kuphela kukhethwa kuyokhala itshe, kodwa futhi ukuze inqubo ukulungiselela isixazululo. Isihlabathi phambi batch kufanele aqiniseke ukuhlunga. Lime endaweni isixazululo eyenzelwe obeka isisekelo, noma kunjalo musa ukwengeza. Kudingeka ukulungiselela ingxube usebenzisa mixer. Ukwakheka eyohlobo okungukuthi, ngcono.

Ukwakhiwa strip isisekelo: umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo

Umsele igodi ngasesinqeni se endlini oyi-ohlangene ngokucophelela angabekwa ezingeni phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathela isihlabathi-amatshe ingxube ukushuba ka-15 cm. Kwaphumela "isiguqo" rammer ohlangene kahle namanzi. Khona-ke ukuhlomisa ungangenisi amanzi ungqimba. Ukuvimbela ogelezayo nokumanzisa ematheni isisekelo ekuqhubeni "isiguqo" iphuma ukufulela impahla (ungqimba 2-3). Kanyekanye nokuvikela phansi futhi uhlangothi kuyinto efiselekayo uhlele. Ukuze lokhu kuwebhu nhlangothi zombili ibitume mastic unamathisele strip ezingeziwe ukufulela impahla.

Ukuhlelwa isixazululo ukweseka

On ezithambile phansi isitini isisekelo, njengoba sekushiwo, yamisa nge ilungiselelo ngaphambi ngokhonkolo "isiguqo". Lesi sakamuva kuthululwe ku formwork nge yokugcizelela uhlaka lokhuni, wabuthela kusuka induku 12 mm. I ukushuba we "isiguqo" kufanele okungenani 10 cm. Ngaphambi ukuhlangana izinsika isidingo yayo ukuze usinde amasonto amabili.

Ukubuthanela isisekelo strip

Umugqa wokuqala izitini ibekwe ngqo ku ukhonkolo noma ukufulela impahla ne ukugcwaliswa Ligation letitako isixazululo ezivuzayo mpo. Ngokulandelayo, inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-sisekelo eholwa imithetho jikelele ukuqinisa amandla, ikhangele phezulu enezingqimba. Ukwakha isisekelo sendlu isitini kungenzeka kuphela eyodwa irowu bandaging ka ezivuzayo. Ukuze kuncishiswe isakhiwo adhesion izindonga emhlabathini, grouting wenziwa (ezishaywayo). Hhayi kuphela emalungeni iphathwa lapho udonga kamuva lemva isakhiwo Kusolwa ukuze ungangenisi amanzi olwengeziwe.

Esinokwethenjelwa pier isisekelo izitini ngezandla zakhe: igxathu negxathu Umhlahlandlela

Lapha, base akuyona bemba emgodini njengomusi uma usebenzisa nosimende ukhonkolo, futhi emseleni. Phela, izinsika wokwakha umakhi kudinga isikhala. Sungula lusito labaludzingako ngaphansi zonke izindonga umthwalo eziveza lesi sakhiwo. okuthunyelwe ayimpoqo kufanele posted on the emakhoneni. Futhi, kumele bafake ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo izindonga. Okuncane ohlangothini ubude square kwesigaba ikholomu - 380mm (1.5 izitini). Ngenhla phansi ukwesekwa Kufanele usukume okungenani 20 cm.

Ukuze uthole wokwakha bushelelezi, emseleni kuqala efakwe ababeke emabhodini kwebhokisi izifanekiso. Ngaphansi kwalezi ungangenisi amanzi zangaphambi wabeka wathela pad ukhonkolo.

Umsebenzi Wamatshe abamzungezile lezi izifanekiso. Ngemva uke wabeka out imigqa eziningana, ibhokisi iyasuswa. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi ikholomu uhlala endaweni engenalutho begcwala ukhonkolo. wokwakha kukhona okunye njalo ngisho ukunciphisa izitini ukuphakama oyifunayo. Namakholamu asele maphakathi ezikhaleni sifakwe nokufakwa (ezintathu induku 12 mm) kanye nekhambi elachithwa.

Ngenhla phansi amakholomu ngomumo ngokuvamile ukuxhuma iribhoni ukhonkolo. Wagcoba ku formwork nge ukuqinisa. izingxenye Hlobanisa nomunye futhi amakholomu engenakwenzeka. Kunalokho ngokhonkolo, isikhala phakathi amakholomu Ungase futhi umane ebeka isitini.

Fundam izitini ngoba okugeza

Umgomo we kwakhiwa isisekelo sokusungula uhlaka enjalo into efanayo yokwakha yokuhlala. Ngokuvamile, isisekelo eyakhiwe ngezitini nge izandla zabo baziqinisela lo okugeza is batheleka uhlobo tape okuqhubekayo. Nokho, uma odongeni okuthiwa benza iphaneli, ungagcina bese uphatha isizinda columnar. Ukuze egumbini kusisekelo strip okugeza okungcono kakhulu esinakho iwukusebenzisa ngezitini ezibomvu. Silicate esabe yamanzi. Futhi kule ukukhishwa base ngaphansi ezindongeni okugeza ukunakwa egcwele kufanele kukhokhelwe ungangenisi amanzi.

Indlela yokwenza isisekelo izitini ngezandla zabo Gazebo

Kulokhu, kuzoba ngokwanele sokwakha izinsika ezine into esiyibonisa ngezikhathi ezithile isakhiwo. Ngaphansi pergola ukukhanya kakhulu izisekelo ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi ngisho lujule. Ukuze ukufaka emikhulu yalolu hlobo ezifakiwe 6-8 izinyawo.

Kusukela ngomhla ka-strip isisekelo isitini okugeza, ngaphansi base Arbor ukuba waterproofed. Ngaphansi ukwesekwa okudingekayo ukuze uvumelane ukufulela impahla ngongqimba eziningana. Uma ugcwalisa isikhungo ezingenalutho zezinsika ngamisa imigoqo nageli noma ngaphansi lifake stud Uhlaka Gazebo. Ngaphezu kobuso ukusekelwa kumele anyuke 20 cm. Ngo Amabha ukhonkolo futhi lujule ukuze 20 cm.