Bamisa Roof House: izinhlobo, isakhiwo, izingxenye kanye nemishini

Ukwakhiwa kophahla sokugcina yokwakhiwa yiliphi ibhilidi. Kufeza indima hhayi kuphela ezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ukuhlobisa ikhaya. Uma unquma ukuthi yokuhlala wakho uzobe bamisa ophahleni, kufanele wazi ukuthi imiklamo efana ziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuye ukuma kumpambuko kungenziwa bayichezukisa ophahleni gable, hipped noma baphenduke futhi baguquke. imiklamo Abanjalo bangase izinhlobo ezihlukene kakhulu :. Capstan, pyramidal, oyindilinga, njll izimo zezulu sewenze uphahla ezivamile bamisa ukwakhiwa angadle ngabuhle obutheni.

incazelo jikelele

ophahleni bamisa ikhuthaza kungamanzi emvelo agelezayo yamanzi imvula neqhwa encibilikisiwe. Angle kunqunywa engela lapho umshushuluzo uthambekele enezingqimba. Nokho Letakhi kufanele engela hhayi ngaphansi kuka 5 °, futhi 'somphathi yilezo lapho izingxenye ngabanye abe engela ngqo. Kuye ngalokho izakhiwo jikelele yendlu yakho, isimo sezulu, ebusweni sekugcineni, futhi impahla akhethiwe, bamisa ophahleni ungaba ngedivayisi ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma roll impela imvula eningi nesigubungelo ophahleni akuyona obukhulu kakhulu, ramps kufanele cool endaweni yangakini. Ngezinye imimoya enamandla ukwehlisa ebusweni ingcindezi kufanele kube duda. Uma kahle sithathe emthambekeni ke uyokwazi ukwehlisa izindleko zokwakha kanye zabasebenzi. ukwakhiwa Tough ezibizayo, ngoba ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke ngobuningi.

izinhlobo ezinkulu uphahla bamisa

ophahleni 4-luthi ukutsheka ihlobene omunye izinhlobonhlobo ngomklamo ofanayo. Phakathi kwabo kufanele ukugqamisa uni, gable, poluvalmovaya, ophahleni, oluyingungu, oyindilinga, pyramidal, futhi chetyrehschiptsovuyu. Elachitheka iyona elula kunazo isesimweni, bazothatha amanzi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Zisetshenziswa ukumboza encane izindlu, izinyathelo, izandiso, izakhiwo zesikhashana futhi ezindaweni zokudayisa. Facilities ekhatsi Kulokhu ngeke ibe isikhala elisophahleni lwendlu noma ophahleni.

ophahleni 2-bamisa isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa ongaphakeme liphumele. It has simise elingunxande, futhi izingxenye ohlangothini abizwa ngokuthi pediments. ophahleni Poluvalmovaya hipped ehlukile kulokho ramps nginqume ingxenye gable. Uphahla pyramidal isetshenziswa njengoba ngokuya endlini has simise isikwele noma ukuma isikwele njalo.

Design futhi izingxenye eziyinhloko

Roof olwehlelayo uphahla zinezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko, okuwukuthi - ukuvikela nokusekela. Lesi sakamuva kuyadingeka ukuthatha umthwalo kweqhwa, umoya ophahleni. Ngosizo lwabo, isisindo isakazwa ebodeni asekelayo eceleni elise ukwesekwa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, amandla izakhi umthwalo eziveza ethulwa nezimfuneko sasivumela elawula. Izingxenye ezisemqoka kukhona mauerlat futhi truss uhlelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi idivayisi kufaka luthi ukutsheka ophahleni iziqobosho ngesimo struts, besokunxele kanye imishayo. Ukuqina oyifunayo kufinyelelwa ngosizo lo truss.

Mauerlat - ibha ukuthi ukhonza usekelo semishayweni olwehlelayo ezenziwe ngokhuni. Ukusebenzisa lesi sici basakaza umthwalo phezu kophahla. Mauerlat uhlobo isisekelo isakhiwo. Uma ufuna ukwenza uphahla ngomqondo zakudala bezwi, kufanele usebenzise ugodo nohlangothi ka-15 cm. Inani elincane ugodo 10 cm. Ophahleni bamisa izandla DIY engenziwa ukuze mauerlat kudivayisi. Uma ike mauerlat, kufanele afakwe phakathi kwezazi ubude yonke isakhiwo noma ukufaka kuphela ngaphansi umshayo.

Lapho usebenzisa i-semishayweni kwesigaba elincane inqubo manual, isistimu ingakwazi prosest. Ukuze ugweme le nkinga, ukufaka Izinsimbi, lapho isakhiwo ngeke ezivundlile, amaposi, struts. Ukuze wenze struts futhi besokunxele kumelwe ulungiselele ibhodi 15-isentimitha kabani ukujiya ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane 2,5. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amapuleti sokhuni, abenziwe kusuka izingodo lokhuni ne ububanzi 13 cm noma ngaphezulu. Mauerlat kufanele libekwe unqenqema at kodonga, futhi ukuya onqenqemeni kwangaphakathi noma yangaphandle.

Kwenye yezingxenye esemqoka - mauerlat

ophahleni 4-bamisa has mauerlat okuyinto kumele itholakale 5 cm kusukwa noma eduze evele elingaphandle izindonga. Ukubeka odongeni kufanele sigcwaliswe ngendlela ezifana hhayi ukwakha ngomkhumbi, okuyoba neqhaza imithwalo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi imimoya ephezulu. The njalo kunazo njengoba ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza ugodo mauerlat, kodwa uma uphahla eyinsimbi kungenzeka ukusizakala mina-ugongolo noma isiteshi ibha.

Roof apharathasi e mauerlat

Uma ecabanga indlela yokwenza uphahla bamisa nge mauerlat, kubekwa zokugcina eyenziwa ungqimba ungangenisi amanzi, okuyinto ingaba njengesihluthulelo ukufulela impahla. Kusukela phezulu phansi ekamelweni elisophahleni , ungakwazi ukuhoxisa 40 cm. Njalo 5 m purlins ukuphumula izinsika, okuyinto emaphethelweni engezansi vrublyus e belele. I-engeli phakathi strut unyawo umshayo kufanele kube cishe elilingana 90 °. Uma idivayisi bamisa ophahleni truss umlenze kuyoba isikhathi eside, ukufakwa izisekelo eyengeziwe kufanele sigcwaliswe ikhumbula ukwesekwa phezu belele. isixhumanisi ngamunye mauerlat kufanele kokuvalelwa izixhumanisi ezimbili, esemgwaqweni komakhelwane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo fixed kuze kube semishayweni. Along azungezwe ophahleni uhlelo ukwakhiwa eyizingqabavu elasungulwa. Kodwa kungenzeka mauerlat izingxenye ngabanye ibekwe ngaphansi umshayo.

Iinsetjenziswa uhlelo truss

4 bamisa uphahla ukwesekwa inohlelo truss, yakhiwa imishayo, struts enalokho kuthambekela, kanye uprights mpo. Imishayo zenziwa ngokhuni, izinto okuxubile, metal noma ukhonkolo. Iziqobosho kukhona imishayo, struts, struts futhi strut. Semishayweni axhunyiwe epulazini.

serekhodi

Umkhqizi uhlelo kumele ixhunywe ku unxantathu ngenxa rigidity layo nokuzinza. Ukuze semishayweni ingasetshenziswa yokuntwela ezahlukene cross-section, okuyinto kunqunywa ubude imishayo, kubalwa umthwalo value, kanye nebanga phakathi imishayo. Uma kuziwa imiklamo elula, ubukhulu cross-section ziyahlukahluka kusuka 40x150 ukuze 100x250 mm.

Poluvalmovaya ophahleni ngezandla zakhe

Uma unquma ukuba umakhele indlu, bamisa ophahleni kungaba isixazululo esingcono kakhulu, ukushintshashintsha lokhu design ophahleni poluvalmovaya. Lezi uphahla Site izifunda umoya imithwalo, njengoba ukuvikela isakhiwo kusukela ukugeleza komoya, esinciphisa Ukufiphalisa we gable futhi podduvanie. isikhala-Attica iyona yokuqala, ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlala. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba unamathele ubuchwepheshe ikakhulu ukwakhiwa. In the isinyathelo sokuqala kanye azungezwe we ophahleni ugcwele screed therein by ngamunye ngamasentimitha 120 noma stud kabani ububanzi 10 mm ngaphansi ukukhwezwa. On the iziqobosho idatha uhlomo ukukhiya ibha, qinisa namantongomane. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukudala mauerlat, ngemva kwalokho uyoba ukufaka uhlelo truss.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuyoba ukufakwa semishayweni enalokho kuthambekela, okuzokwenziwa esekelwe izindonga ngaphandle. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo owokugcina kulaba, kufanele enze yobunzima yokuxhuma phakathi imishayo naye. Edge uyophumula emdulini yangaphandle, engxenyeni engaphakathi - ezisekelweni Izindonga zangaphakathi.

Ikhishwa kokungathembeki semishayweni ukuba ugongolo bulala, okuyinto wabeka phezu. Kuyoba kuchunywa ukwesekwa. On okhalweni imishayo kwaqinisa ukuqeda ukwesekwa. Zonke abanye kufanele zixhunywe ugema. Ukufakwa phakathi imishayo kwenziwa esigabeni esilandelayo. Isinyathelo therebetween ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane ububanzi ukwahlukanisa ukushisa, lokhu ipharamitha kuhluka cm 60 ukuya kwayi-120. Landelayo imishayo engu- ukuba aqine.

Iinsetjenziswa ophahleni kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo,

Ngo sokuqala, zama ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi kuyoba engela ukuthambekela ophahleni. amanani Intermediate aphakathi kuka-11 no-60 °. Konke kuzoncika imihlola emkhathini futhi izinto phansi kophahla, kanye izici ezakhiwo endlini. Ukuze izindawo enyakatho emthambekeni ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane 40 °, ne iqhwa ngeke ahlale phezu kophahla. Ngo imimoya enamandla engela ukuthambekela kufanele kube encane. Ngo asemaqeleni futhi ugu izindawo, lokhu ipharamitha ivela 11 kuya ku-45 °.

Le ndlela yokwenza umsebenzi ku-ilungiselelo kophahla kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo,

Ukuze izifunda imimoya enamandla, nongebonwe oluyisicaba, lifulelwe bamisa kumele anikezwe ukuthambekela okuthile. Ungabese uqhubekele ukwakhiwa kophahla uhlelo. Okuningi okuqukethwe yile ngxenye ophahleni kungenzeka slidably, uhlanganyela noma naslonnym. Ngalo mbuzo wesibili elula kakhulu, imishayo kufanele esekelwe izindonga ngaphandle kanti ugongolo emaphakathi. umshayo obuphelele kungenzeka elilingana 4.5 m, kodwa kuphela uma ungomunye-ucezu, yokuxhuma izakhi ngenxa yokwanda ubude kungamukeleki.

I nzima kakhulu idivayisi kanye nomklamo kuthiwa uhlanganyela semishayweni, zingabantu osebenzayo, uma kukhona isidingo uthole nezipani ezinkulu. Basuke eqoqwe phansi nge likhreyithi zabo, bese antante phezulu, esekelwe ukwesekwa kakhulu. Ngemva likhreyithi abethelwe abaphila elisophahleni, onikeza isakhiwo yisikhuthazo ephakeme. Ukuze truss uhlelo kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni Amabha kungcono esisetshenzisiwe engxenyeni 30x150 mm. Ibanga phakathi imishayo kufanele kube 80 cm.

Emthambekeni kufanele zikhokhelwe Ezansi ohlangothini Kunama. Isibalo ukwesekwa imishayo ukuba nabo benze okufanayo, futhi ngemishayo semishayweni unyawo calantsatfu. Semishayweni ezibekwe kolunye embotsheni mauerlat, kuyilapho omunye ekupheleni kufanele bafake ugodo ngezipikili slate. Ukuze uthuthukise ukuthembeka kokuqina wire. Mauerlat ngoba hedging kuboshelwe odongeni noma zihleliwe esikhathini eside ihange imishudo.

Isazi izincomo flat uphahla kudivayisi

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuyoba ukukhiqizwa sheathing amabhodi planed, okuyinto okwenziwa yi-Ukumelana umlilo futhi umswakama isithiyo izinto. Amabhodi ahlelwe perpendicular imishayo, ibanga elibahlukanisile akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-15 cm. Imishayo kumele sisetshenziswe lath sikwele uhlangothi 50 mm. Ngokulandelayo, kufanelekile, umusi, kanye eqondiswa likhreyithi izinzipho encane nge isigqoko. Laba ngezinye izikhathi indawo nge ukudla isibhamu okuyisisekelo. Lokhu ngeke kuphela kusheshiswe isikhathi umsebenzi, kodwa futhi bandise nokuphila kube semishayweni.

Esigabeni esilandelayo asethwe ukwahlukanisa kanye ungangenisi amanzi ungqimba, lo somabhizinisi zazo roll is unwound perpendicularly kuze kube semishayweni. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi band elilandelayo ligamanxa sangaphambilini, futhi emalungeni kufanele uphawu.

isiphetho

Umkhqizi izinhlelo, okuyinto ziyingxenye ebalulekile uphahla bamisa, kungenziwa sakhiwa yophahla, Umkhqizi kuzithinta phezulu abobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, sikelo truss noma ipulazi ezimbili. Njengoba isici esiyisihluthulelo ophahleni uhlelo izinyawo, okuyinto ukwenza njenge ukwesekwa lath. Basuke ezibekwe eduze emthambekeni ophahleni.

Emthambekeni efaneleke kakhulu kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni okugeza, ufuna amboze ukufulela impahla, yayibhekwa njengenguqulo inkomba 10 kuya ku-15 °. Kulesi enamathela ezimbili ungqimba Kwanele olwelwesini kanye ukufulela ecashile. Kodwa kumiswa ophahleni uhlelo kufanele inake izilinganiso ukwakhiwa. Uma-ke ubani ozothola usayizi esikhulu, isakhiwo kumele kulekelelwa le uprights futhi Kufinyeta.