Firebrick: izici, usayizi, zilwane. Fireclay isitini refractory ngoba esithandweni

Ukwakhiwa noshimula, amaziko zezimboni, fireplaces nezinye izakhiwo wokwakha ezisebenza ngaphansi okushisa aphakeme, kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amamathiriyelii ekhethekile. Ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo onjalo itshe ezivamile Ceramic noma siliceous Akwamukelekile ngoba kukhona amathuba ukwa. Ochwepheshe esetshenziswa refractory isitini, amatshe okuyinto eyenzeka usebenzisa izixazululo efanayo thermostable. Heat ukungawi impahla kufezwa ngokusebenzisa yokuwugazinga kanye ukusetshenziswa izingxenye ezithile enkulu ekwakhekeni zamatshe.

izici

isitini Refractory sinezici ehlukile ezivamile yokufakelwa itshe Ceramic noma silicate. A oluyinhlanganisela impahla ingxenye kuphuma ngobumba olumhlophe, futhi kusukela ukungcola zincike izakhiwo kanye izinhlobo izitini. Nokho, konke isigaba esisodwa - Refractories, okungukuthi ikhono ukugcina izici yawo yangempela lapho zihlatshwa okushisa aphezulu ukuthi idlule 1580 degrees.

Uzisebenzise ikakhulukazi embonini, ngakhoke ukukhiqizwa Refractories izidingo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngoba noma yikuphi ukwehluleka in ukusebenza zezinto zokusebenza ezinjalo igcwele ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu, hhayi isikhathi kuphela, kodwa futhi zezimali. Into esemqoka - zinikeza nokuvikeleka. Refractory isitini ekuvikeleni impahla luwumlilo.

izici Jikelele zamatshe ukumelana nomlilo yokufakelwa:

• Okuphansi conductivity ezishisayo - ikhono ukugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi amayunithi ezishisayo.
• Heat ukumelana - isitini amandla nokugcinwa lapho zihlatshwa okushisa okweqa 1580 degrees.
• I inertia ezishisayo - ikhono impahla refractory kuphole kancane futhi heats ngokushesha.
• Heat umthamo - isici enikeza ukushisa Yakha izitini abakha ngazo imizi ukubuyiselwa olwengeziwe.
• Chemical ukumelana igesi ashisayo, slag nensimbi.
• I ukuqinisela ivolumu, okusho ukuthi isici amatshe refractory noma cha zikwenze ube ukuncipha uhla 0.5% kuya ku-1%.

isicelo

isitini Refractory, izimfanelo okuyizinto ezahlukene kusukela evamile wokwakha ngezinto ezitholakala isebenza ukwakhiwa amayunithi ezishisayo. Esikhathini izimboni Metallurgical ngoba ukuncibilika yensimbi, nickel, ithusi, Nokho kudinga lokushisa ngenhla 1500 degrees, esithandweni ukukhiqizwa ujenga ezinjalo kuphela dolomite, ka Silica, hromomagnezitovogo isitini. nemengamo itshe Silica futhi esetshenziselwa ulwelwesi amaziko asebenza nge izinto ene-asidi. Ngezinye elandayo, kodwa Magnesite refractory onomfutho, ngakho lwaleli ne wesibili bangase ugoqe. Okungukuthi, uhlobo isitini ngasinye sigaba izakhiwo ezahlukene nokusetshenziswa.

I-non-Metallurgical umkhakha refractory itshe esetshenziselwa imishini ukukhiqizwa wokwakha zamakhemikhali, Umbuso indawo boilers, bokushisa coke; Amayunithi ingilazi izimboni.

izinhlobo

isitini Refractory ungaphakathi izinguqulo ezine. Carbon uhlobo ekhiqizwa kusuka amalahle itiyela ne ukwengeza coke / anthracite powder. a impahla okunjalo ukushisa ukumelana futhi shlakoustoychivy. Ngokuvamile, izakhiwo elisetshenziswa kuqhuma amaziko. Nokho, ngesinye isendlalelo imikhiqizo refractory wabeka sokuvikelwa yayo. Silica (asebenza ngebhethri) ikhiqizwa powder itshe asebenza ngebhethri futhi nobisi lime. Refractoriness ukwaziswa okunjalo kuyinto 1730 degrees, futhi isetshenziselwa wokwakha imishini isitini nabo ezindaweni ene-asidi.

Magnesite, chromite, we-chrome Magnesite isitini senziwa amaminerali kubhakwa. Kukhona futhi Silicon Carbide futhi graphite imikhiqizo. Fire ukumelana zinhlobo anjalo - kusuka 1500 kuya ku-2000 degrees.

Ngu uhlobo aluminous kufaka impahla ethandwa embonini - Fireclay izitini refractory. Siqukethe angaphezu kuka-30% of aluminium oxide (alumina) futhi kudingeka khona ubumba ekhethekile ukumelana okushisa. Fire ukumelana - kuze kufinyelele 1400 degrees.

Ukwahlukanisa chemical izakhiwo

Kuye indlela yokwakheka Izingxenye ezisemqoka amatshe yokufakelwa zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu 3: hlangothi, eziyisisekelo futhi ene-asidi.

Ukuze iqembu azibukhali izinto ezenziwe ngamatshe Silica kanye isitini kvartseglinyasty. Ziyakwazi okungenakucwasa ngokwayo uxhumana ezindaweni ene-asidi.

Nge isimo ane-alikhali komzamo baxhumane Refractories eziyisisekelo kusuka dolomite, Magnesite, hromomagnezita. bajwayele ukuba kubekwa amayunithi ezishisayo, bafune umsebenzi wakhe ayisona yini ushintsho elibukhali lokushisa.

K iqembu hlangothi kwedivayisi chemical uyalandisa isitini, fireclay refractory, carbon netshe graphite impahla. Ziyakwazi izimo ukumelana futhi ane-alikhali futhi ene-asidi.

Ubukhulu umkhiqizo

Hlanganisa zonke izinhlobo izitini refractory ngaphansi omunye usayizi jikelele akunakwenzeka. Uhlobo ngalunye umkhiqizo has siqu nezimfuneko zawo GOST lokwakha impahla okuyinto kuveza nalapho nemingcele eziyisisekelo. Plus, ubukhulu izitini refractory ohlotsheni, okuyinto akuyena unxande njalo. Lokhu Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso samuntu eyinkimbinkimbi iyunithi ezishisayo, ezidinga khona yayinamakhothamo, vaults.

Ngokwesibonelo, Ubukhulu imikhiqizo unxande olulodwa uqale nge 230h65h65 mm nezokugcina imingcele e 345h150h75 mm. Zonke izinhlangothi kukhona elingunxande, nesigaxa emise, uhlanganyela kanye neminye imikhiqizo refractory zingatholakala ku GOST 8691-73.

wokugubha

Ukuze siphendule umbuzo yini ukuthenga refractory isitini kahhonela, intengo okuyinto encike ngqo kwi ukusebenza indaba, odinga ukukwazi umkhiqizo eziyisisekelo ilebula. block ngamunye has a legend. Incwadi yokuqala limelela igama kanye uhlobo lomkhiqizo. Ngakho, uma wokugubha incwadi "W", ukuthi kungokwalabo iqembu refractory fireclay amatshe; "D" - Dinas, "M" -mullitovyh.

Incwadi yesibili ibonisa izinga lokushisa esiphezulu we impahla isicelo. Ngokwesibonelo fireclay amatshe:

• SHA, Shaq - 1400 degrees.
• SB - 1350 degrees.
• SHUS, BC - 1250 degrees.
• PB (Semi-acid uhlobo) - 1350 degrees.
• PV - 1250 degrees.

Osayizi izitini refractory ngokuthandana sibalo, okuyinto kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ezimbili izinhlamvu zokuqala umkhiqizo brand. Ngokwesibonelo, refractory SHA-5 unamapharamitha 230h114h65 mm SHA-8 - 250h124h65. SB-22 umkhiqizo libhekene isokhethi nhlonhlo emise (trapezium), izinyathelo izinto ezinjalo - 230h114h65h55 mm. Ngemva izibalo ku Ukumaka kulandele izinhlamvu kukhona segama umenzi.

izindleko

Eyokwakha fireplaces, ukosa inyama, izitofu esetshenziswa firebrick. Inani of indaba incike brand, usayizi, tesakhiwo kanye nemikhiqizo. Ukuze uqhathanise amanani Okthoba 2015 4 izinhlobo ezidumile firebrick wakhethwa Ukraine neRussia. Lapho wayala Pallet kukhona 350-360 izitini. Ukukala ukuphi 1 PC.

• Kukanxande umkhiqizo SHA-5 eRussia balinganiselwa ku ruble 39,9.
• Wayefana refractory langaphambilini, i-SHA-8, inkudlwana, kuwufanele 47,9 ruble lapho.
• I-SHA-22 (nhlonhlo ekupheleni): intengo eRussia - ruble 49.
• I-SHA-45 (ekugcineni nhlonhlo) izindleko umkhiqizo eRussia - ruble 41,2.

Indlela ukukhetha refractory isitini esithandweni?

Lapho kwakhiwa amadivayisi esithandweni angasebenzisa evamile labadubuli ngezitini ezibomvu, Ubukhulu esezingeni okuyinto - 250h120h65 mm. Kufanele babe imiphetho ecacile, akukho igawula, imiphetho bushelelezi nama-engeli kwesokudla. Kungenjalo bamba kuyoba ethambile. Ekuqaleni kwawo-isakhiwo brick kufanele kube eyohlobo, okungukuthi, ngingabi imifantu, voids futhi izingqimba.

Nsimbi - ibanga perezhzhonnogo izitini ingasetshenziswa kuphela idivayisi elisekela eziko, njengoba kakhulu exhumene ne isixazululo. Unburned (abomvu), itshe yokufakelwa, umcako, perforated kanye ozwakala isitini ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kubekwa amaziko kanye noshimula azivumelekile.

Refractory isitini kahhonela, intengo izikhathi eziningana ephakeme kunaleyo obomvu itshe Ceramic iyadingeka ukuze ulwelwesi amayunithi ezishisayo. Okungukuthi, ukwakha emgodleni zokuzivikela isetshenziswa refractory, okuyinto nolwelwe esithandweni somlilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushisa ngaphakathi ukugeleza akababhubhisi izindonga esemqoka somlilo.

izixazululo

A refractory esithandweni isitini ulaliswe ku isakhiwo nokusebenzisa isixazululo eyohlobo okuyinto obungenza kakhulu unamathisela bamba bese eqinisa e nesikhathi esishiwo. Ukuze izitofu yasekhaya isixazululo ubumba esetshenziswa kuyalungiswa, kuye ngokuthi okuqukethwe amanoni udaka kwalokho yesihlabathi ngezabelo 1: 1 noma 1: 2. Kubhekwe silingane isixazululo lelungiselelwe, uma ephuma out a ibhola uma ezomile noma ukwambula eduze nentaba, futhi lapho aphonswe phansi azigcwelanga. Uma ngokweqile kwesihlabathi, kanti ibhola uyachitheka, ufa unika khona ingxenye enkulu ubumba isixazululo.

Lapho ebeka imishini industrial firebrick uphawu ndawonye usebenzisa izigqulo - nezixazululo calcareous senzelwe ngibopha imikhiqizo refractory.

Kunconywa ukulungiselela izixazululo calcareous e isilinganiso esingu-1 wokwakha esithandweni elisekela: 2 - 1: 4. Izingxube Cementitious asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa elisekela amayunithi ezishisayo, bavezwa amanzi, ezifana komhlaba.

Isigaba wokwakha

Lapho ukwakha, ukulungisa amayunithi ezishisayo refractory isitini wokwakha ngenxa zidingo ezilandelayo, enquma esigabeni sayo:

• I ukujiya esiphezulu amalunga phakathi 0.5 no 1 mm uhambelana ngokucophelela ikakhulukazi laying isigaba esisodwa.
• Sutures Usayizi 1-2 mm phakathi kwezitini basonta izigaba ezimbili.
• Ojwayelekile (vulgaris) libhekene obukhulu wokwakha amalunga omzimba ukuze 3 mm.
• Ukutholakala nosimende phakathi kwezitini 3 mm uhambelana akhiwe elula refractory.

Amakilasi, grade refractory, isigaba wokwakha - konke lokhu kwaziswa kufanele abhalwe out in the imibhalo ukusebenza. Uma akakho ke ugqinsi yaseZimbabwe kuzinto ezahlukene kwesakhiwo kunqunywa ngesisekelo amatafula ethize.