Ukukhanyisa isilawuli olandelwayo X10. Protocol X10: ngebuhle nebubi. "Smart House"

IT-ochwepheshe bathi emakethe izindlu "smart" eRussia akasoze zithandwe futhi kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo akunakwenzeka ukuba eqele ngalé izindlu okunethezeka esifundeni Moscow. Esikhathini esizayo, kungenzeka emakethe umthengi kuyoba ingxenye azinakwa sabantu ne imali eningi kunabo bonke esifundeni, kodwa uquqaba "smart ekhaya" izohlala isithombe esinemibala emakhasini tabloids kanye internet imithombo. Ingabe kuyiqiniso lokhu? Kakade, ngokwesilinganiso ingqalasizinda isakhamuzi izindlu luyinhlanganisela kunalokho eyinkimbinkimbi izinhlelo ezahlukene zobunjiniyela. Hlanganisa nabo ku inethiwekhi yomhlaba eyodwa ngaphandle kwenkokhiso ukusiza X10 ejwayelekile.

I kungenzeka "endlini smart '

Umsebenzi ezivamile futhi elula - ukulawula ukukhanyisa. Intelligent uhlelo ikuvumela ukuba ilawule kude zonke lwemidlalo ukukhanya. Ngaphandle esukuma, ungavula noma amalambu e iliphi igumbi noma yonke indlu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ulungise ukukhanya ukukhanya ebusuku ka ephasishi landscape ukukhanyisa. "Smart House", kuhlanganise ukukhanya ezindaweni ezahlukene ku-algorithm ethile, angenze zitha by simulating khona abanikazi uma kwenzeka ukuhamba kwabo.

ukuzilawula ngokuzenzekelayo nemingcele lokushisa balisekela egumbini ngokulawula a Irediyetha noma air conditioning nokushaya komoya. Intelligent ekhaya ungakwazi ukulawula imishini umlilo-wepi, ezimweni eziphuthumayo, sikuthumelele isaziso kumnikazi noma olufanele izakhiwo ifoni izwi noma i-SMS-umlayezo.

Indlela Bonke baqala

X10 - omunye amazinga umkhakha evulekile lokuqala, eyenzelwe sasekhaya esienzekelayo izinhlelo Pico Electronics (Scotland Glenrothes) ngo-1975. Ekuqaleni inkampani eyingoduso ekuklanyweni kanye womshini izifunda nezibali. Umuzwa wokuqala ekwandiseni sphere zokukhiqiza isibe yimpumelelo kakhulu ngokuya kwezohwebo. platform X10 ngokushesha kwakuqala ukwanda phakathi onjiniyela smart ekhaya umqondo futhi anikeza ugqozi enkulu ekuthuthukiseni le mboni. Imizamo badale isixhumanisi esibonakalayo efanayo futhi kwenziwa ezinye izinkampani, kodwa impumelelo engancikile kakhulu eyatholakala.

Okwesikhathi bayo, X10 - olandelwayo ngokuhle umsindo amasosha omzimba. Nomthelela ukuthandwa cheapness eyisihlobo imishini, onjiniyela ukugxila ekhaya ezishintshayo, ukutjhejwa nokusekela lobuchwepheshe. ENyakatho Melika standard ukuze lesi sidingo usuku futhi basakaza. Ukulandela inkampani-kunjiniyela yetinhlobo letibanti letehlukene tematheksthi amadivaysi X10-imithetho laqala ukuthola giant, IBM futhi Philips.

Kulezi zinsuku Pico Electronics Inkampani siguqulelwa X10 INC (USA) lokuhweba Umthombo.

imishini ngezigaba

Hardware X10 inethiwekhi iqoqo amadivayisi oxhumene ngendinganiso ugesi noma isiteshi somsakazo. Uhlelo base ihlezi ifakiwe:

• Omoya - abalawuli yakha futhi uthumela imiyalo, ukulawula amamojuli (nge-computer esibonakalayo noma yama yodwa), izikhathi ehlelwe nge ezahlukene isikhathi amabanga, izilawuli kude (lefoni noma umsakazo).
• Bamukela Ngokwazisa - actuators ezisebenza imiyalo wathola: module isibani noma igobolondo dimmers, amabhlogo dimmer nensikazi, zonke izinhlobo oshayelayo.

Endabeni ukwakhiwa inethiwekhi ezinkulu noma ukwandisa nesisekeli ekhona Balisebenzisa:

• Transceivers, ethola amasignali ovela okukude kwe ekutjhugulukeni okwengeziwe ku X10 olandelwayo ukuxhumana ngaphambi bakuthumela kugridi.
• Ukuphinda futhi isignali yokukhulisa umsindo.
• Izihlungi ukuthi ukunciphisa umphumela we kagesi ukuphazamiseka nemvelo.
• amabhuloho Interfacial, grids for 380 (yokwenziwa noma asebenzayo, ezakhiweni, endaweni angaphezu kuka-300 m ^2).
• Ukulinganisa amadivayisi, lula ukufakwa bese ethuma, izinzwa (ezinyakazayo, iLuminance, nokunye. D.).

Isisetshenziswa oluqanjwe izinkampani ezahlukene, ngokuvamile kuba sengathi efanayo, ukusebenza, ngisho mshini. Amadivayisi ayatholakala ezinguqulweni ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi izimfuneko ukubekwa; ukufakwa emgqeni, Din-wesitimela obandayo e amakhabethe ejwayelekile, micromodules ngoba raspredkorobok ezishaywayo.
Automation zokuphila kwansuku zonke ongaqala amamojuli eziyisisekelo ezimbalwa, bese kancane kancane ukwandisa esikalini futhi ukwandisa ukusebenza ngokungeza hardware amayunithi ezintsha.

Izibonelo base-elementi

Isisekelo ejwayelekile X10 module kuyinto microcontroller ehlelwe. Ngokusho algorithm ethile ilawula ukusebenza idivayisi electronic wesifunda kokunikeza ngesikhathi input yayo amasignali elakhiwe wathola kusukela yangaphandle ugesi futhi oguqula pulses okukhipha for ukudluliswa reverse inethiwekhi. I microcomputer ingasetshenziswa njengendlela abalawuli ekukhiqizweni (isb, PIC noma AVR izinkampani Microchip kanye Atmel, ngokulandelana).

Ukukhanyisa ukulawula nomqondo "ukhaliphile" indlu esetshenziswa kabanzi isibani edluliselwe amamojuli X10. Kukhona izinguqulo ezimbili: esiku-plug-in isokhethi yokuxhuma izibani phansi, izibani etafuleni (LM12) noma wenza njengoba i-adaptha phakathi umnikazi futhi isibani ukukhanya nge standard E27 isizinda, kuze Watts 100 (LM15S).

yasendlini zikagesi usebenzisa rosette ithuluzi amamojuli. Ngokwesibonelo, AM12 module sifana tube, kodwa ayisekeli imiyalo ukuthi zibhekene ngqo ukukhanya (okwengeziwe ngale ngezansi).

isofthiwe

X10 olandelwayo ukuba asebenzise uhlelo lwekhompyutha ukusiza imikhiqizo top-level.

ActiveHome Software - isofthiwe Kumahhala computer ngokusekelwe nhlelo zokusebenzisa WINDOWS kusukela X10 inkampani ukuthuthukiswa yesikhulumi. Iphakethe kuhlanganisa lenqwaba amathuluzi kudivayisi abashayeli, kanye version ephathekayo.

ActiveHomePro - isofthiwe yekhompyutha esibonakalayo SM-15 (umsakazo transceiver, 433 MHz) nge-USB. It ikuvumela ukulawula izibani nemishini nge umsebenzi edingekayo algorithm, amagrafu kanye izikhathi kusuka kukhompyutha siqu noma yama yodwa nge akude engenantambo.

X10 Commander (Melloware Inc) - isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile ngaphansi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza evumela ukuthi wena ukudala multi-service ukuphathwa PC-based kanye nokudidiyelwa X10 olandelwayo ocingweni futhi kunoma iyiphi idivayisi yeselula (iOS / Android).

inkampani waseRussia "Laboratory ikhaya ubuchwepheshe" linikeza abathengi idivayisi elula emsamo X10 - full-umbala lwamapulangwe touch VGA-XTS-36. iyunithi akancike has a interface yomsebenzisi-friendly sokuqhafaza. X10 olandelwayo ukuphathwa nokulawulwa ukukhanyisa ohlakaniphile uhlelo uhlala ukhululekile, ne ngeso esihle, kodwa kungabi nesidingo njalo umsebenzi kukhompyutha ngemuva. Ingabe abashayeli enikeziwe futhi software enquma ekhuluma X10 amadivayisi kanye nemingcele eziyisisekelo ukucushwa sokuqala, ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene zimo.

X10. imininingwane Protocol

Physical ukushintshanisa kwe-data ulimu amandla izintambo kagesi kuyinto ukudluliswa / reception izingcezwana sinusoidal imvamisa high oscillation (120 kHz) nge amplitude 5V futhi 1 ms / 630 ms ngamunye mjikelezo othatha isigamu we amapayipi voltage, emafasiteleni kwakhiwa ngokushesha emva zero ukuwela. I ezintathu okhombisa izifunda amafasitela efanayo kwakheka isigaba ngasinye, isb. E. Nge shift of degrees 60 ne asebenza nakwesinye amabhuloho interphase. Uma idivayisi ungaphakathi ukuthola iwindi uthola iphasela lami, lapho okungenani 48 oscillations, ephatha ke njengoba bacabanga "omunye" esimweni emuva - njengendlela "zero" ngokuhleleka okunengqondo. Kudluliswa idatha kancane ithatha ezimbili nengxenye-wave voltage. Kulokhu kwesibili ukusakaza ephambene yenani, ethuthukisa hhayi kuphela umsindo amasosha omzimba, kodwa futhi ukhonza ukuhlonza ikhodi ukuvumelanisa ngenkathi iphakethe yokudlulisela.

X10 - indinganiso olandelwayo lapho iphakethe elilodwa (ifreyimu by Uhlaka) idluliselwa izikhathi 11. Iqukethe:

• Ukuvumelanisa Ikhodi - 2 ibhithi
• Ikhodi module - 4 izingcezu,
• Ikhodi isakhiwo - 5 izingcezu.

iphakethe ngamunye, ngaphandle isikhawu, kabili zilandelana idluliselwa. Ngaphambi ukusakaza batch elilandelayo ukuthatha, ukuhlaba ikhefu ku 3 izinkathi voltage amapayipi (ngaphandle - dimming umyalo ukugqama okuhambisa ukusakaza okuqhubekayo).

IR ukuphathwa aduduze isebenze ekuxhumaneni X10 X10-IR olandelwayo at a imvamisa othwala 40 kHz. Isiteshi somsakazo (X10-RF Protocol), kuncike esifundeni, zokhahlamba kusuka 310 kuya 434 MHz.

Ekhuluma nemiyalo uhlelo

Inombolo enkulu amamojuli ku X10 inethiwekhi - 256. Two isikhethi ukushintsha zitholakala ngamunye module 16 izikhundla isilungisiwe. I qala - ikhodi ekhaya (ikhodi Ikhaya) isetshenziswa ukuze ukhethe isigaba noma iqembu amadivaysi. Ingabe lettering amalungiselelo A kuya R. Esikhathini isikhundla yesibili engathutheki okhonjiswe izinombolo kusuka 1 kuya 16 bese ukhomba ku-module ethize kunethiwekhi (ikhodi Unit). Ngakho, kudivayisi ngalinye inikezwa inamba engafani eyaziswa ehlanganisa izinhlamvu nezinombolo. Ngokwesibonelo; A5, i-M14 nokunye. D. abalawuli uhlelo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa amayunithi ukubulawa, njengoba umthetho, asidingi ukulungiswa ekhuluma.

Umcabango i izenzo ezikhona platform umyalo futhi ohambelana angatholakala etafuleni.

Izinzuzo esemqoka ...

X10 - olandelwayo kuyinto ephansi isabelomali ekilasini ekhaya ezishintshayo, isetshenziswa ukuze uthumele ulwazi kanye umyalo imiyalezo amapayipi akhona. It kungabi nesidingo laying ukuxhumana entsha, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulu emakhaya nge sekugcineni emihle noma ukulungiswa isiqedile. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa wiring inethiwekhi, bese usebenzisa umsakazo - uhla imishini ezihlinzekwa abakhiqizi, ivumela kokubili ongakhetha, noma inhlanganisela yakho. Izindleko amadivayisi, kuqhathaniswa ezisekelweni more yesimanje futhi wesilisa uyajabula.

Izinzuzo ezilandelayo - nezimo of ukusetshenziswa futhi kalula ukufakwa ezidinga akhethekile. Uhlelo libhekene extensibility kakhulu futhi scalability. Amamojuli axhunyiwe usebenzisa Plug & Amandla izimiso (kuhlanganise nemenenja). Lonke ukusethwa ukusetha isakhi entsha ikheli elihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho ezishintshayo uzokwenza konke yena.

Kakhulu lula zone ukwehlukana ingqalasizinda ukukhanyisa. Lwanele nika amadivayisi elilodwa iqembu izinhlamvu ezifanayo (ikhodi isakhiwo), futhi uma kusetshenziswa elihambisana ukusakaza umyalo uzobe uvulwe noma ukuvala ukukhanya kulesi sifunda.

Vula olandelwayo - kwenye ingxenyekazi plus, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa lula yiluphi uhlelo lokulawula, ukusetshenziswa Umklamo inethiwekhi imikhiqizo wiring kusuka kwamanye abakhiqizi.

... nemibi

Inzuzo enkulu X10 esibonakalayo - ukudluliswa kwedatha ngaphezulu wiring amandla - liwumthombo oyinhloko wezinkinga yakhe.

isivinini okuphansi. ukudluliselwa umyalo Kuthatha cishe yesibili, ngakho. e. alibale umyalo palpable ngempela ngisho ekuphathweni idivayisi olulodwa. Futhi kule nqubo ye kudingidwa simo ngamasimu, ukubambezeleka ingavuthi annoyingly kungamukeleki. Njengoba izinga Imininingwane kuboshelwe supply voltage imvamisa, ukukhulisa yayo akunakwenzeka.

amasosha omzimba okuphansi. Ubuningi ekhaya Imishini ekhaya yesimanje kakhulu kwandisa izinga ukugxambukela e inethiwekhi amandla kunomthelela ongemuhle isilinganiso isignali / umsindo, nakho kuthinta iqophelo Ukwaziswa wengxoxo phakathi amamojuli X10. Ngakho, nemiphumela - ukwehluleka ukuhambisana imiyalelo noma usuke amanga. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa inkinga enkulu inethiwekhi kungase kube ukulinganiselwa ikheli yasensimini, njengezinye ukuxhuma kwi-protocol X10 ngeke nje akwazi 256 amadivaysi.

Dissynchronization imishini ukudluliswa kungaholela ukunqunywa iphakheji, futhi ukuvela izingxabano, ngenxa yalokho, ayikho amaqembu ngeke kwenziwe. awukwazi ukulungisa isimo kakhulu.

Alinikezi nezimiso zokulawula ukufinyelela, akukho isivikelo izenzo okungagunyaziwe besithathu. Ekugcineni, akunakwenzeka ukwakha izifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi Imishini kanye ukukhanyisa isilawuli ekwenziweni umsebenzi self-zokuxilonga kohlelo namayunithi yayo ephambili.

ukulungiswa X10

Lezi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki basuke ikakhulu ukulungiswa esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sasekhaya esienzekelayo izinhlelo, okuthiwa ibhasi izakhiwo (mkhosi kwenzeka ebhasini ozinikele / egandayiwe a low voltage supply voltage).

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, abathuthukisi kanye Abenzi imishini X10 ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa futhi ushintshe yesikhulumi ekhona. Umphumela waba format X10Extended ne enwetshiwe imfundo set. Inzuzo undoubted yesikhulumi ilungisiwe isiqondiso omoya izinqubo sokufinyelela emendweni, aqede izingxabano futhi ekwandiseni imisebenzi iqembu Exteded Ikhodi 1 nge ushintsho iphakethe format.

ukuguqulwa Eminye kwaholela ekusungulweni X10Extended A10 format lapho kakhulu enwetshiwe ikheli ensimini (amayunithi 4096) futhi wanezela eminye imisebenzi yesevisi (kutholakala kuphela kumadivayisi oluqanjwe kunjiniyela). A10 futhi X10 yezifiso kuyahambisana, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza uhlelo olulodwa zombili izinhlobo amamojuli.

Efingqa kafushane lokho, kunzima ukuba uyavuma ukuthi kuqala ekhaya ezishintshayo esibonakalayo esikhathini esidlule, cishe nanamashumi amahlanu eminyaka yisikhathi. Imizamo nesimanje efana uphahla ngokuchibiyela ngenkathi yezimvula, ukuze ngokuphelele ngcono isimo abakwazi. Kodwa izici kwesabelomali yesikhulumi uyaqhubeka ukuyigcina emakethe amasistimu ezihlakaniphile imishini X10 ngenkuthalo kukhiqizwa futhi ithengiswe.

amafemu Domestic ukubikezela igagasi elisha udumo esibonakalayo. Abathengi uphiwa ezahlukene kokubili amadivaysi ngabanye kanye turnkey izixazululo amakhaya "smart" emsamo X10.