Izikimu Constructive kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka

Izakhi yenethiwekhi yakha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ohlelweni. Ibizwa ngokuthi ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Lolu hlelo kumele babe amandla anele ukuba zizinze ntathu rigidity nokwakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuvikela izingxenye zenzelwe ukuvikela izakhiwo kusuka imithelela asemkhathini nezinye physicochemical ezimbi. Kumelwe futhi babe acoustic okwanele ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa izici. Ngu uhlobo yenethiwekhi core design zisesilinganisweni izakhiwo ngononina. Kamuva esihlokweni sicabanga kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Yiziphi izinhlelo isakhi izakhiwo?

Ukwakhiwa elakhiwa izakhi yenethiwekhi. Inkulumo kulokhu kwezakhiwo frameless.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo izindawo. Bonke wabelane umthwalo uhlelo lamakholomu (izinsika). Lezi zakhiwo - izakhiwo Uhlaka - futhi zihlanganisa izakhi ovundlile. Lezi zihlanganisa, ikakhulukazi, kufanele kuhlukaniswe njengoba imishayo, girders.

Kukhona skeleton okugcwele esinqunyiwe lesi sakhiwo. Isifanekiso isakhi icala lokuqala kusikisela amalungu amile ku azungezwe izindonga zangaphandle nangaphakathi isakhiwo. Esimeni sesibili, e isakhiwo samanje eziveza izindonga ngaphandle futhi skeleton yangaphakathi. ikholomu wakhe esikhundleni odongeni main ngaphakathi.

Lezi izikimu design elisetshenziswa izakhiwo ngaphandle imithwalo ashukumisayo abalulekile. Skeletons nge transverse kanye longitudinal - zangaphandle kwangaphakathi - izindonga nithela zivezwa amabhokisi lapho ukuqina ngekwendzawo waqinisekisa ngemishayo izakhi mpo. Bakha mpo futhi enezingqimba esitebeleni beso. Rigidity cores incike okunokwethenjelwa kanjani ukuhlobana phansi futhi izindonga bezikhwepha zabo.

Uzimele izakhiwo: ngezigaba

Kukhona division ngokuhambisana uhlobo lomsebenzi. Bezakhiwe izakhiwo wesifunda kungafaka phakathi imishayo nezinsika exhunywe emalungeni ngesandla esiqinile. Bakha ozimele longitudinal futhi transverse. Ngakho, lezi ozimele ababizwa sewebhu.

ISIZINDA ukuthatha yonke imithwalo evundla mpo. I ozimele kungaba Svjaseva. Ngokungafani odlule cores ezinjalo nodes abe ukuqina aphansi. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba amalinki ezengeziwe lapho kwemukelwa khona umthwalo ovundlile. Njengoba bemile, njengoba umthetho, kweqa, obumba diaphragm. Bona adlulisele imithwalo ovundlile phezu imiphini ikheshi, kwagcizelela izindonga kakhonkolo, izindonga ku ezitebhisini nokunye. Futhi umkhuba ukwakhiwa esetshenziswa futhi kuhlanganiswe uhlobo ozimele - Uhlaka-Svjaseva. Nokho, lokhu kukhetha akuvamile njengoba abanye. Kulokhu, uhlangothi wafaka ifreyimu, kanye nezinye - zokuxhumana.

Izici ukwakhiwa

Zithandwa design izikimu zezakhiwo civil ne Svjaseva skeleton. Ngenxa impahla ukuze kwakhiwe kwagcizelela ukhonkolo nensimbi kuphuma. I isakhiwo ongaphakeme liphumele livame ukusetshenziswa isitini noma ukhuni. Namuhla kuyinto ukwakhiwa ezivamile izakhi ngakuthathu. Kulokhu, kwakheka ukwakha ngohlaka lisuselwa izingxenye ebhokisini-like prefabricated. Kwizimele wonke ubuchwepheshe isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa ephezulu ukuvelela izakhiwo ezinkulu zomphakathi kanye yokuhlala.

Single-storey izakhiwo

Isikimu isakhi izakhiwo zezimboni yalolu hlobo zihlanganisa steel noma amakholomu ukhonkolo. Bona, kanye izakhi ukwesekwa yakha Uhlaka transverse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusebenza zonke izinhlobo izingxenye longitudinal ezitshalweni. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa izinto ezifana crane, strapping futhi ozimele transverse, podstropilnye ipulazi, kanye ezihlukahlukene uxhumano. Kwakamuva linanyathelisiwe izingxenye ezihlukile, futhi wonke isimo wonke ukuzinza lubandlululo kanye rigidity.

Phakathi amakholomu isethwe ibanga elithile. Ubizwa ngokuthi i-isinyathelo longitudinal ne-span - ngesiphambano. Ubukhulu yalezi amabanga ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-grid ka amakholomu. Lishe laba ngumlotha storey zakhiwo lalivamile ekwakhiweni ezolimo kanye nezezimboni.

ezakhiwe okunjalo aqukethe steel noma kwagcizelela skeleton ukhonkolo bese enamathela nezindonga. Umnyombo ifaka izinto mpo - amakholomu kanye ovundlile - girders, nemishayo, nemibundu, girders.

Izingxenye lokuqala nelesibili ukukhonza laying slabs esehlanganise futhi izakhiwo zophahla. Futhi phezu ngemishayo Trusses aeration agibele amahhashi Skylights, uma kunesidingo. Skeleton eqala wonke umthwalo zangaphandle ezivela isisindo enamathela kanye nezinhlaka zayo, ahlangabezana crane evundla mpo, kanye nomoya ingcindezi esebenza obondeni. Ukuze izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa ngezinhloso zezolimo, njengoba umthetho, izakhi kakhonkolo. Izakhiwo zezimboni nezipani amamitha angu-30 noma umgogodla ngaphezulu is kuhlangene: a truss steel namakholomu - kwagcizelela ukhonkolo.

Multi-storey izakhiwo ngenhloso ukukhiqizwa

izakhiwo ezinjalo chithi saka ithuluzi ukwenza, amakhemikhali, ukudla, ugesi kanye nezimboni efanayo. Izinhlaka core kuhlanganisa ngemishayo amakholomu. Bakha Uhlaka embondelene ne ISIZINDA eqinile.

Lezi zici ahlelwe yonkana isakhiwo. Esikhathini longitudinal isiqondiso rigidity izakhiwo olunikezwa uxhumano steel. Basuke efakwe kuyo yonke imigqa yamakholomu maphakathi izigaba abalwazi kahle ulimi. Inombolo nezipani ziyahlukahluka kusuka 1 kuya 3-4, futhi kwezinye izimo nakakhulu. Ubukhulu zabo ziyisiliva 12, 9 kanye no-6 m.

Umshayo imishayo abaphila kwakugqamuka, ububanzi okuyinto 18 no-12 m. Futhi, ngalezo zinhloso, ipulazi kanye amapuleti Uthwale ezifanayo indaba eyodwa-izakhiwo. Ukuphakama izibuya kungaba 3.6-7.2 m nge ukushiyana kwezidalwa njalo 0.6 m.

injongo izakhiwo zezindlu multi-storey

Lezi izakhiwo kungaba izinhlobo ezintathu: isithwali isitini izindonga, uzimele-no-panel frameless. Kugcine Uthole ukusatshalaliswa ekhethekile. Emabhulohweni e amathambo zezakhiwo anosayizi 5.6 kanye no-6 m ibanga (iphimbo) eduze amakholomu izindawo - .. 3.2 3.6 m ukuphakama phansi ifakiwe, kuye ngenjongo yokwakha. Ukuze izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye amahhotela - 2.8 m.