Indlela yokuqhuba ucwaningo: inqubo nokuziphatha

Umthetho wamanje unikeza ukuhlolwa. It isetshenziswa emazweni ahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, uqokwe esimisweni senkantolo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhamuzi sinempilo, uma kwenzeka umshayeli eyeka imoto, uma umhloli we-State Traffic Safety Inspectorate enesizathu sokusola ukuthi le ndaba yaphuza utshwala ngaphambi kokushayela. Ukuhlolwa kungase kungakhathaleli isimo sempilo yesakhamuzi. Isibonelo, senziwa emkhakheni wokwakha. Kulokhu, kuhilela ukuhlola izakhiwo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo zokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezamukelekayo. Ake sicabangele indlela yokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezinye izindawo zomsebenzi.

Ukuhlolwa komshayeli

Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sokudakwa kwenzeka uma umhloli we-State Inspector Safety Inspectorate enesizathu sokucabanga ukuthi umshayeli uthathe utshwala noma izidakamizwa ngaphambi kokuhamba. Ngokwezihlinzeko zomthetho, inqubo yenziwa ngokuqondene nesisebenzi. Yenziwe phambi kofakazi ababili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqiniso lokuthumela isakhamuzi ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha lirekhodiwe kumthethosisekelo. Ikhophi yale dokhumenti inikezwa kumshayeli.

Iyiphi inqubo eyenziwe?

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwenziwa esikhungweni esikhethekile. Kungaba ukuma noma into ephathekayo. Ngokuqondile inqubo ngokwayo yenziwa udokotela oqeqeshiwe. Uma ingozi noma ukuyeka kwezimoto kwenzeka endaweni lapho isikhungo esinjalo singatholakali, senziwa ngumuthi wezimo eziphuthumayo. Kulokhu, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ochwepheshe beqeqeshwe ngaphambilini. Esikhathini sayo, uchaza izinkinga ezihlobene nezinhloso nezinhloso zenqubo.

Umphumela

Ngenxa yokuhlolwa, isitifiketi sokuhlola sikhishwa. Yenziwe ngamakhophi angu-3. Isitifiketi sokuhlola sizofaka ulwazi mayelana:

1. Usuku lwenqubo.
2. Izimpawu zendaba ngaphansi kokuhlolwa. Lesi sigaba sichaza ukubonakala kwesakhamuzi, ukuziphatha kwakhe, isizinda sengqondo, izici zokukhuluma, izikhalazo mayelana nombuso (uma ikhona).

Ngokusekelwe esenzweni, isiphetho senziwe. Kuyo, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi umphumela, kubonisa ukuthi ngabe isimo sokudakwa senziwe noma cha.

Imithetho yokuqaliswa

Inqubo yocwaningo ayifuni ukulandelana kwemisebenzi ethile. Into esemqoka ukuthi zonke izinqubo ezifanele zenziwa. Namuhla, kunombono wokuthi udokotela wenza ngokuyinhloko ukuhlolwa kokuqala, bese kuhlolwa ukucacisa izimpawu zomtholampilo, futhi ngemva kwalokho lowo ochwepheshe udlulela ekuhloleni umoya okhishwe umoya ngumuntu ohlolwe. Noma kunjalo, ngokwenza lokhu lokhu akuhlali njalo ngaleyo ndlela. Udokotela unelungelo lokuqala ngokuhlola umoya okhishwe yisakhamuzi, bese uqhubekela eminye imisebenzi ephoqelekile. Isihloko esihlolwe singabonisa ukwenqaba ukuhlola. Kulesi simo, ukufakwa okuhambisanayo kuzokwenziwa kwi-logbook. Ngokwenzayo kwenzeka ukuthi inqubo ayinakwenziwa ngenxa yesimo sakhamizi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lo magazini ubonisa ukuthi kungani izinyathelo ezingenakwenziwa.

Okuthuthukisiwe

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izibonakaliso zokuphuza utshwala zingabonakali, isakhamuzi sithunyelwa ukuhlolwa ukuba khona emzimbeni wama-psychotropic kanye nama-narcotic compounds. Le nqubo yenziwa kuma-laboratories akhethekile we-chemical-toxicological direction. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, isitifiketi sikhishwe, esihlanganisiwe nesitifiketi. Ikhodi Yeziphambeko Zokuphatha ayihlinzeki ngokunyathelisa okudingekayo kwemiphumela yenqubo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhala sephepha kanye nemiphumela asihlanganisiwe nesenzo.

Izici zesiphetho

Ikhishwa kuphela lapho, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, iqiniso lokuba khona kotshwala emzimbeni ekugxilweni okungaphezu kwezinga elivunyelwe. Uma wenza le nqubo, izindlela zobuchwepheshe lapho izilinganiso zithathwa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhatsi semaminithi angu-20. Ngokuqondene nezakhamuzi ezingekho abashayeli, lolu cwaningo lwenziwa ngabo ngokwehlukana. Kulezi zimo, imiphumela emihle yocwaningo olubanzi luzoba yisisekelo sesiphetho. Ngemuva kokuthi kwenziwe, umoya uthathwa ukuze uhlole ukutholakala kotshwala kuwo, kanye namanzi omzimba. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifundo zelabhutori ezinjalo zinzima.

Izigaba ezingeziwe zabantu abacwaningiwe

Esigabeni esandulele, kukhulunywa ngokuphathelene nesibopho sokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngezihloko ezingabashayeli. Sikhuluma ngama-machinist, amalungu abasebenzi abashayeli, ezinye izakhamizi ezizibandakanya ngqo nemithombo yengozi ephezulu. Isibonelo, isibonelo, kufaka opharetha ezitshalweni zamandla enyukliya. Kule mikhakha yabantu, isimo sokudakwa sinqunywa ukutholakala kwezibonakaliso ezifanele zomtholampilo. Kule nkinga, ukuhlushwa utshwala emzimbeni kuyabalwa. Kuchazwe kuhlaka lokucwaninga kwelabhoratri. Uma kwenzeka imiphumela emihle yocwaningo, abantu abathintekayo bazokhishwa ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yabo.

Ukugxila

Izinkomba zanamuhla zokuqukethwe kotshwala okuvumelekile zisekwe emibhalweni yokwenza isiphetho sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ngokwalo mbhalo, ukuphuza ngokweqile isimo lapho utshwala kutholakala khona emzimbeni ekuhlungeni kwe-1-2%. Uma okuqukethwe kotshwala emithonjeni yezinto eziphilayo kungu-0.022-1 ppm, ekuphetheni, ukungabi khona kwezibonakaliso zemitholampilo kuboniswa.

Izikhathi eziphikisanayo

Imithetho yobuJaji ibonisa izinkinga ezithile ekusetshenzisweni kwemithetho elawula uhlelo lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, e-Armed Forces isicelo sabekwa inselelo ngomyalelo weMnyango WezeMpilo mayelana nemithetho yenqubo. Inkantolo ephikisana nale nkantolo yanquma ukuthi isikhulu sezokwelapha esifanelekayo singathola iziphetho mayelana nokuthi isakhamuzi sifikile noma asidakiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokombono wakhe, udokotela uthembele ezinkomba ezitholakala ngokusebenzisa isitsha esikhethekile sokulinganisa. Ummangali ukhulume esitatimendeni ukuthi emzimbeni womuntu ngamunye kukhona utshwala obungapheli. Lokhu kuhlushwa kunqunywe yizo izindlela zobuchwepheshe, ngenxa yalokho enikeza ubufakazi, ngokusho ukuthi isihloko siyibhekwa siphuze, noma ngabe akaphuzanga utshwala. Amabutho ahlomile acabanga ukuthi lezi zingxabano azibe zingenakulinganiswa. Ekusekeleni isikhundla sayo, inkantolo ibhekisele ekuchazeni uMnyango wezeMpilo ukuthi amandla okuxazulula amavaysi okulinganisa asetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokudlula kakhulu inani elivumelekile lokuphuza utshwala obungapheli. Kulokhu, isabelo salo asinqunywanga ngenkathi yenqubo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlushwa okukhona akathinteki imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, isimangalo sendaba, ngakho-ke, sinqatshelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkantolo yaqaphela ukuthi ekucubungulweni kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ukucabangela iphutha elikhona lezinsimbi zokulinganisa ezisetshenzisiwe. Umthetho okwamanje uwubeke ngesilinganiso esingu-0.16 mg / litre lomoya.

Umbono wochwepheshe

Ochwepheshe abaningi babonisa ukuthi ngokuzijwayeza imikhuba eminingi iphikisana nomunye nomunye. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuqondile kwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezilinganiselwe zokulinganisa. Lokhu, futhi, kunikeza ochwepheshe isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ukwenza inqubo akudingeki ukuba nolwazi olukhethekile emkhakheni wezempilo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lezi zimiso zibeka ukuphoqeleka kokuziphatha kocwaningo odokotela abanekhono nasesikhungweni esikhethekile. Zonke lezi ziqhwa kufanele zikhunjulwe uma kunesidingo sokudlula ukuhlolwa. Uma udokotela enza uhlolo, izazi zincoma ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela ukuhambisana nezidingo ezisungulwe ngumthetho. Ukucabanga kwamaphutha, ngisho kwezinye izimo ezincane, kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukuhlola embonini

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini isethi yezinyathelo zenziwa, inhloso yalo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezikhungo. Ngokungafani nokuxilongwa, inhlolovo yobuchwepheshe eyenziwa ngokuphathelene nama-aggregates, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa esingakapheli isikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izifundo zelabhorethri azikwenziwa ngaphansi kwenqubo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yemisebenzi yokuqinisekisa, ukungena okuhambisanayo kwenziwa kwidatha yedatha yokusebenza. Ngaphambi kokwenza ucwaningo, uhlu lwezinto okufanele zihlolwe luhlanganiswa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, ikakhulukazi, izitsha ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi, izakhiwo, izakhiwo, amadivaysi ahlukahlukene, njll. Ukuhlolwa kwekhono lobuchwepheshe kuqhutshwa ochwepheshe bezentengiselwano ezinamalungelo afanele kanye nelabhorethri eqinisekisiwe yokuhlolwa okunamandla. Njengomthetho, inqubo yenziwa ngesimiso. Imvamisa yokuhlola ichazwe ngumenzi wezinto zokusebenza noma ngomthetho.

Ububanzi bokwakhiwa

Umthetho unikeza isitifiketi esiqinisekisiwe semisebenzi efihliwe. Le nqubo yenziwa ukuhlola imisebenzi ethile. Ngokuyinhloko, imisebenzi ihlolwe lapho imiphumela yayo ithinta ukuphepha kwesikhungo, kodwa, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe bokutholwa, ayitholakali ukuqondiswa ngemuva kokuqala kokukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi elandelayo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuqondene nezigaba ezigcwalisiwe zenethiwekhi yobunjiniyela kanye nezakhiwo zokwakha, ukuqedwa kwamaphutha okungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimala ezakhiweni ezinamathiselwe kamuva. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza lolu cwaningo, ingxenye yento ayihlanganisiwe. Ngenqubo yokwenza le nqubo, abasebenzi bezinhlaka ezifanele zokuqondisa uhulumeni bangabamba iqhaza. Uma kunesidingo, ochwepheshe abazimele bangabandakanyeka ekucwaningeni. Unkontileka kumele azise abanye abahlanganyeli mayelana nezinsuku zokugcina ukusebenza kwazo zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ziqale. Imiphumela yokwamukelwa ingeniswa kwisitifiketi sokuhlola imisebenzi. Umthuthukisi (ikhasimende) unelungelo lokufuna ukuhlolwa okwesibili kwezinto emva kokuqedwa kokuntuleka.

Iziphetho

Njengoba ungabona, inqubo yesitifiketi iqhutshwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezingahlobene. Kuzo zonke izimo, kulawulwa umthetho. Inhloso eyinhloko yezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukusungula ukuhambisana kombuso wemishini, impilo yabantu, izakhiwo, izakhiwo, njll emithethweni enqunyiwe. Embonini, ucwaningo luhilela ukuhlola izinga lokusebenza kwezinto. Ngokuvamile imiphumela yokuhlola ayixhomekile kuphela ekukhiqizeni kwebhizinisi, kodwa nangokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Inkimbinkimbi ethile yinkqubo yokuhlola izinga lemisebenzi efihliwe. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ayinakwenziwa ngaphandle kokulimala kwezinye izakhi ezikhona zesakhiwo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inqubo iyadingeka, njengemiphumela yayo izinga lezinyathelo eziqalisiwe lithathwa, okuthinta ukuphepha kwesakhiwo njengalo lonke. Imigomo efana nayo ilandelwa isitifiketi somshayeli. Umehluko nje wukuthi isheke liyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungabikho usongo ohlangothini lomshayeli kwabanye abahlanganyeli bezimoto. Uma imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi kukhona utshwala emzimbeni, isakhamuzi siyobe sinqunyelwe ilungelo lokusebenzisa umshini. Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi umthetho wamanje uthinte umthwalo wemithwalo yabashayeli abadakiwe. Uma uphinde uboshwe, umshayeli wemoto ubhekene nezinhlawulo zobugebengu.