Imvelo encane ye-aquarium ecosystem. I-ecosystem evaliwe isebenza kanjani?

Umqondo wezinto eziphilayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinto zemvelo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi nobukhulu: i-taiga noma ihlathi elincane, ulwandle noma echibini elincane. Zisebenza ezinkambisweni zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezilinganiselayo. Kukhona nezinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo ezidalwa ngokuhlakanipha. Isibonelo yisimiso sezinto eziphilayo ze-aquarium, ibhalansi edingekayo egcinwe ngumuntu.

Izinhlobo zemvelo nezici zazo

I-ecosystem ibizwa ngokuthi yizinto eziphilayo eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu endaweni ethile ye-biosphere, ezixhunyiwe hhayi nje kuphela komunye nomunye, kodwa futhi nezici zendalo engapheli ngokusabalalisa izinto nokuguqulwa kwamandla. Kungaba yendalo futhi yokufakelwa.

Imvelo yemvelo (amahlathi, ama-steppes, ama-savanna, amachibi, amazilwandle nabanye) isakhiwo esizilawulayo. Imvelo yokusebenza (i-agrocenosis, i-aquariums nezinye) idalwa futhi igcinwe ngumuntu.

Isakhiwo se-ecosystem

Ezemvelo, i-ecosystem iyinhlangano esemqoka yokusebenza. Ihlanganisa imvelo engekho-nendawo nezinto eziphilayo njengezici ezithinta izakhiwo zomunye nomunye. Isakhiwo salo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siphila, kungaba yindawo yokuphila yemvelo noma indawo yokuphila yase-aquarium, ifaka izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Indawo - ukubekwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwisistimu ethile yezinto eziphilayo.
• Izinhlobo - inani lezilwane eziphilayo kanye nenani lamanani abo.
• Izakhi zomphakathi: i-abiotic (inanimate nature) ne-biotic (abathengi - abakhiqizi, abakhiqizi nababhubhisi).
• Umjikelezo wezinto nemandla yisimo esibalulekile sokuba khona kwemvelo.
• Ukuzinza kwezinto eziphilayo, kuye ngokuthi inani lezinhlobo ezihlala kulo nokuthi ubude bezinhlayiya zokudla buyakhiwa.

Cabanga ngesinye sezinhlelo eziphilayo - i-aquarium. I-ecosystem yayo yokufakelwa ihlanganisa zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo. E-aquarium yobukhulu obuthile (indawo yendawo), ingxenye ephilayo yesistimu (izinhlanzi, izitshalo, izinambuzane) ziphila. Izingxenye zalo zikhona amanzi, inhlabathi, izinkuni. I-Aquarium - isimiso sezinto ezivaliwe, ngakho-ke izakhamuzi zakhona zidalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo eduze kwemvelo. Ngokuba ukukhanya okusetshenziselwayo, ngoba akukho lutho oluphilayo olungakhula ngokugcwele futhi luphile ngaphandle kokukhanya; I-Thermoregulation - ukugcina izinga lokushisa njalo; I-Aeration kanye nokuhlunga - ukunikezwa komoya okwe-oxygen emanzini nokuhlanzwa kwayo njalo.

Umehluko wemvelo

Ekuboneni kokuqala kungase kubonakale ukuthi indawo yokuphila ye-aquarium ayihluke kakhulu emgodini wemvelo. Phela, i-aquarium ngokwayo inhlobo yekhophi encane yomthombo ovaliwe ohloswe ukugcina nokuzalanisa izinhlanzi nezitshalo. Ukuphila kulo kuqhubeka ngokulandela izinqubo ezifanayo zezinto eziphilayo. I-aquarium kuphela yindawo encane yokufakelwa. Kulo, izinga lokuchayeka kwizingxenye ze-abiotic (izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, ubulukhuni bamanzi , i-pH , njll.) Kwizingxenye ze-biotic lilinganiswa ngumuntu. Uphinde asekele emanzini yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile ebalulekile, isikhathi eside escike kakhulu ekuhlangenwe nakho kwe-aquarist, amandla akhe okulawula ukulingana kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokunakekelwa kahle, ihlaselwa ngokushisa njalo, futhi umuntu kufanele ahlele ngokubekezela echibini elikhulu. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?

Izizathu ze-Causal

Uhlelo lwe-ecosystem of aquarium luxhomeke enyakeni yemvelo yalo emanzini. Ihamba ngezinyathelo zokuba, intsha, ukuvuthwa nokulimala. Ukuphulwa komlinganiso ohlelweni lwezinto eziphilayo kubhekene nezitshalo ezimbalwa, futhi inhlanzi iyancipha.

Indima ebalulekile idlala ngobukhulu be-aquarium. Ubude besikhathi sempilo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke kumthamo wayo. Kufana nesimiso semvelo emvelweni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umthamo omkhulu we-reservoir, omkhulu kakhulu ukumelana nokuphulwa komlinganiso odingekayo. Ku-aquarium yama-200 amalitha, akunzima ukwakha indawo eseduze nemvelo, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuphazamisa ibhalansi ezenzweni zayo ezingenayo.

Ama-aquarium anesisindo esincane sama-30-40 amalitha adinga izinguquko zamanzi ezivamile. Ngaphakathi kwezinga elizwakalayo, ukuguquka kwayo okungu-1 / 3-1 / 5 kungase kugubungele ukuzinza kokulingana, kodwa imvelo ibuyele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa eyedwa, kodwa uma kwenzeka ukushintsha wonke amanzi, kulula ukuphulelela ibhalansi.

I-aquarist kufanele yazi ukuthi, lapho seyakhe imvelo, kuyadingeka ukuba ugcine ukulinganisela kuyo ngokungenelela okuncane.

Isibonelo sesimiso semvelo

I-aquarium iyimvelo encane yokwenza izinto, isakhiwo sayo esahluke kancane emvelweni. Izingxenye zezinto eziphilayo ziyi-biotope ne-biocenosis. E-aquarium, imvelo engavamile (i-biotope) amanzi, inhlabathi, kanye nezakhiwo zabo. Ihlanganisa nomthamo wemvelo yamanzi, ukuhamba kwayo, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya nokunye kwemingcele. Izakhiwo ezidingekayo zendawo yokuhlala zenziwe futhi zigcinwe ngumuntu. Udla izakhamuzi ze-aquarium, unakekele ukuhlanzeka kwenhlabathi namanzi. Lokhu kuphela kwakha imodeli yendalo. Emvelweni ivaliwe futhi zimele.

Izici zobunikazi

Ubungako bemvelo buhlukaniswa nokuxhumana okujulile nokubambisana. Emzimbeni wamanzi asekhaya, zilawulwa ngumuntu. Ngokwemvelo, futhi echibini lasekhaya, zonke izinto eziphilayo zibizwa ngokuthi i-aquarium biocoenosis. Banikezela ezinye izitshalo eziphilayo ezikuyo, ukudala ukuvumelana kwezindawo zokuhlala. Izimo ezithandekayo zomsebenzi wokuphila zibadala ukuba zibheke izici eziphilayo - ukushisa okufanele, ukukhanyisa nokunyakaza kwamanzi.

Umbuso wokushisa uncike kubakhileyo be-aquarium. Kusukela ngisho nezinguquko ezincane kulokho kungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi, kutuswa ukusebenzisa ama-heaters ane-thermostat eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Imodi yokukhanyisa iyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile kwazo zonke izingxenye zemvelo ye-aquarium. Imithombo evamile ivame ukubekwe phezu kwamanzi. Ubude bosuku lokukhanya kumele kufane ne-photoperiod yabakhileyo ezimweni zabo zemvelo zokuphila.

Ngokwemvelo, ukuma kwamanzi kuyiselula ngenxa yomthelela wemvula, umoya nezinye iziphazamiso. I-aquarium idinga ukujikeleza kwamanzi njalo. Kufezwa nge-aeration noma amanzi asebenzayo ngokusebenzisa isihlungi.

Ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukujikeleza okuqondile kwamanzi ku-aquarium. Ibuye ilinganise inkomba ye-acidity, ivimbela ukunciphisa okusheshayo kwamandla angaphandle e-layout.

Ama-Organic nama-inorganic

Amanzi, i-oksijeni, i-carbon dioxide, i-amino acids, i-nitrogen kanye nosawoti we-phosphoric, ama-acids e-humic yizinto eziyisisekelo eziphilayo nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo, ezisezici ze-abiotic. Eziningi zazo zikhona eziphilayo ze-aquarium ngokwabo nasezindaweni eziphansi.

Isilinganiso sokudluliselwa kwale mijelo kwisisombululo esinomsoco siqinisekiswa ngenxa yokusebenza kwabakhiqizi kanye nabaceli bezinto eziphilayo. Ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen e-Organic kusetshenziswa amabhaktheriya, okwenza kube izinto ezilula ezidingekayo ukuze kufakwe izitshalo. Izakhi ze-organic ziguqulwa zibe ifomu lamaminerali (engavamile) futhi ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhaktheriya.
Lezi zinqubo ezibucayi zixhomeke embusweni wokushisa wamanzi, inkomba ye-acidity, saturation saturation. Zilawula ukusebenza okuvamile kwendalo.

Uma udala imvelo yokuvota ye-aquarium kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ilungele ukuthola izakhamuzi zakhona, kodwa ayiqali ngokuphelele, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi ezibalulekile zebhaktheriya zizinzile phakathi kwamasonto amabili.

Ukusimama kwesimiso semvelo kanye nokujikeleza kwezinto ezise-aquarium

Izakhamuzi ze-aquarium azikwazi ukunikeza umjikelezo ophelele wezinto. Iveza ikhefu emkhatsini wabathengi nabakhiqizi. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa yi-ecosystem system evaliwe ye-aquarium. Ama-shrimp, i-shellfish, ama-crustaceans (abathengi) adla izitshalo (abakhiqizi), kodwa akekho odla abathengi ngokwabo. Uhlu luphazanyiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, enye inhlanzi yokudla izinhlanzi - izimpethu zegazi kanye nokunye ukudla - igcinwa ngumuntu ngokuhlakanipha.

Dala izimo zokugcina inani elidingekayo le-daphnia ne-cyclops ku-aquarium ukuze ukondle inhlanzi kunzima kakhulu. Njengoba la ma-crustaceans amancane, nawo, adinga ukudla. Ukuphila kwe-protozoa kuncike ekubeni khona kwezinto eziphilayo e-aquarium. Inombolo yabalingani kufanele idlulele inani lama-crustaceans, okwakamuva, kufanele kulandelwe inani elikhulu lokudoba. Ukulingana okunjalo kumaketanga okudla kunzima ukufeza ezimweni ezinjenge-aquarium evaliwe. I-ecosystem yayo ayisekeli ukusekelwa kwezinkomba ezithinta izimo zemvelo emazingeni athile.

Emvelweni yemvelo, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zilinganiswa ngokuhlobana kwazo nezinye izinhlobo. Ngamunye wabo unesithakazelo sakhe, unquma ukuxhasana kwezilwane. Ukulingana kwezilwane ezidliwayo kanye nezisulu zabo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziphilayo kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukulinganisa okunjalo akutholakali kuleso sikhala esivaliwe, njenge-aquarium. I-ecosystem yokufakelwa idinga ukukhethwa ngokufanele kwezakhamuzi zayo. Izitshalo zezinhlanzi ezingokwemvelo, izitshalo kumele zifakwe ngaphakathi, kodwa zingenakulinganiswa. Zikhethiwe ukuze izidingo zabo ezibalulekile kanye nalabo okuthiwa "imisebenzi" (abathengi, abakhiqizi kanye nababhubhisi) abangekho emali yabanye.

Ukukhethwa okulinganiselayo kwezakhamuzi ngenjongo yabo "yobuchwepheshe" esimweni sezinto eziphilayo ze-aquarium yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu sempilo yaso yesikhathi eside.

"Ikheli" labahlali be-aquarium

Indawo yokuhlala emgodini wezilwane ngasinye nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Bonke kumele bathole indawo yokukhosela efanelekile. Awukwazi ukwedlula i-aquarium ngaphezulu, ukuze ungahlaziyi ezinye izinhlobo. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezinamanzi, ukwandisa, ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwe-algae ekhulayo, ukungabi namakhaya okuhlala phansi kanye nezindawo zokuhlala kwezinhlanzi ezansi kuzoholela ekuqiniseni nasekufeni kwabantu ababuthakathaka.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke izilwane nezitshalo zishintsha ngokuqhubekayo, okuyinto, ngokufanele, ayikwazi kodwa ithinte imvelo yayo. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuziphatha kwezinhlanzi, ungawadluli, uzinake izitshalo, unqume izindawo ezibolile, uqaphele ukuhlanzeka kwenhlabathi.

Ukulondoloza ukuzinza kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini, kuyadingeka ucabange nganoma yimiphi imizamo yokungenelela - ngeke kulimaze ibhalansi.