Imfundo - Iyini? Icacisa ezingeni nangesizotha. Indima umndeni ekukhulisweni kwengane

imfundo Psychology yisici elibalulekile ezindabeni kokubili Psychology pedagogy. Lezi zibalo abavelele NK Krupskaya, NJENGOBA Makarenko, KD Ushinsky, AP Pinkevich, PP Blonsky futhi abanye abaye bakwenza okuningi imfundiso Umklamo pedagogy ekhulwini 19-20.

Kuyini imfundo?

Kuze kube manje, ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa - kukhona izenzakalo kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu. Yiqiniso, umphakathi wanamuhla kudinga zengqondo ezintsha kanye nemibono. akufanele bathi izimiso eziphase Psychology imfundo, liphelelwe yisikhathi. Bamane kudinge ushintsho kanye nenguquko ngokuqondene ekukhuleni komphakathi. Lo magazini buya ngokuya ezibalulekile emhlabeni yesayensi kanye kudinga rethinking.

Ucwaningo nezindaba ezifana ukuziphatha komuntu, izindlela umsindo kanye izindlela zika isayensi Pedagogical, izimpawu ukuthembeka nobuqiniso. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi pedagogy - isayensi ezimele, lisebenzisa izindlela eyala ahlobene - nefilosofi, wezifundo zezombusazwe, Psychology, izimiso zokuziphatha, kwabantu, umlando kanye nabanye.

Imfundo - lokhu ingenye ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu axiological, oyingxenye ngokuhlelwa komphakathi ubuntu. Kodwa le ncazelo akugcini lapho. Libuye imikhuba emihle - it is a simiso imiqondo nomphakathi ukuthi ichaze ukuphila komuntu (isib, isimo sengqondo, izifiso, amagugu, nezenzo).

Inkulumo ethi zesizotha

imfundo ubuntu ihlanganisa izici jikelele kanye ngabanye ukuthi bukaJehova kubonakala izidingo, amagugu, izifiso, nezisusa nama-orientation. Sinenkosi ifomu kokuziphatha kubonakala lokhu okulandelayo:

• nobudlelwano nezwe ngaphandle kokuphila kwawo siqu.
• Ngokuphathelene nokufeza impucuko kanye nemagugu emasiko.
• Ukulwela for ukugcwaliseka izifiso zabo ezingaba khona.
• Umuzwa umphakathi nabanye.
• Ekuhlonipheni amalungelo abantu nenkululeko yabanye.
• Yokuphila asebenzayo futhi isikhundla emphakathini.
• Ubudlelwano phakathi kwakhe njengomuntu ubuntu abezindaba.

Icacisa izinga lemfundo kufanele kuhambelane hhayi kuphela kumuntu oyedwa, kodwa futhi amaqembu yonke ngabantu kanye nezizwe. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu nezimfanelo ezakhayo, sebenzisa uhlelo umsebenzi wombuso kanye zikahulumeni, action ahlukene ngamakhasimende, ukudala izimo ezikhethekile ekuhlakuleleni imikhuba emihle. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi imfundo.

Imfundo - lena isici enikeza umuntu amathuba amaningi ukwenza okuhle kwabanye abantu, bona. Komphakathi komuntu kuhlanganisa inqubo yemfundo, futhi kunikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu.

Icacisa ezingeni zesizotha

Isethi izindlela namasu okuhloswe ngazo zizalela yocwaningo ezingeni kumiswa labo izici izici zobuntu ubuntu ukuthi ziyabonakala ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu, ngokuthi sitholakele imfundo. Ake sihlole kabanzi umqondo.

Ukuxilonga ezingeni yokuzalanisa ezinhle yomfundi kunzima, ngoba inqubo ngokwalo okuthintekayo izici ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle kanye imvelo yangaphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukungabi noma kungathembeki yezindlela zocwaningo, imvelo kanye nokunye okuningi.

Ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ezingeni yokuzalanisa umfundi noma omunye umuntu omdala, lesi sifaniso idatha Kwenziwa, uphethwe okuholela, kwezinkambiso aqine. Umehluko phakathi inkomba kokuqala nokokugcina elisitshela khona ukuphumelela inqubo yemfundo.

zindlela Kuhlukaniswa for zizalela

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inkomba izici okubonwa ngazo imfundo, okwamanje ihlukaniswe subtypes ezahlukene. I ezichumayo ethulwa kule athikili.

Eyokuqala ngezigaba zindlela ihlukane amaqembu 2:

1. Labo abanombono ngokuqondene imihlola akubonakali umnakekeli - amapulani, kanye sphere ugqozi izinkolelo zomuntu.

2. Labo axhunyiwe ne incazelo ifomu zangaphandle imikhiqizo imfundo - izahlulelo, okuhlaziya kanye nezenzo.

Ukwahlukaniswa yesibili luhlukaniswe nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• Okunenjongo. Abakuchaza ngayo njengoba imfundo okunenjongo wamukelwa party (ulwazi, indlela yokuziphatha komuntu, ibe nezimfanelo ezinhle futhi imikhuba emihle).
• Ukuhlolwa. Basuke okuhloswe ngaso ukuxilongwa ecacile ukuze izinga elithile, ukuthi kunqunywa ezingeni lasungulwa.

Ukwahlukaniswa lwesithathu ikhomba nenqubo yokuzalanisa ezinhle:

1. Private. Zisetshenziswa imiphumela Lesisemkhatsini inqubo yemfundo.
2. Jikelele. Babonisa izinga lemfundo, leseyifinyelele ngokuhlanganyela noma ngabanye.

zokuxilonga zizalela ubuchwepheshe

Ucwaningo onjalo izinga njengoba zizalela ezinhle, ososayensi belulekwa ukuba athobele ubuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa eziningi izigaba.

Okokuqala, experimenter uhlela emihlanganweni ekilasini, lapho ungakwazi ukuxoxa umfundi noma ithimba emhlanganweni ngamunye. izitatimende kuphela kufanele ube nendlela emnene futhi ningathwali engeyinhle enkulu.

Okwesibili, izifundo bacelwe ukuthi ukunikeza esizikala kanye kwebalingisi of yena kuwo wonke esikalini.

Okwesithathu, ekuhleleni imihlangano yothisha, lapho nixoxe okutholakele ocwaningweni na eziqhathanisa imithombo kanye nenqubo yokuzalanisa ezinhle.

Okwesine, umfundi ngamunye uthola ukuhlolwa jikelele wokufundisa.

Okwesihlanu, imiphumela zibhalwa amatafula nemidwebo.

Izikole nothisha kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kwetinhlavu wokwenza abafundi, kodwa indima umndeni bekhulisa wengane nakakhulu.

Njengoba sitadisha imfundo?

Cabangela ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga:

• Okubukwa. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuthola ulwazi mayelana izakhiwo ngabanye ngenxa ukubonakaliswa kokuziphatha etimeni letehlukene.
• Ingxoxo. Phakathi interview zokuxilonga experimenter Ungasavele kutholakale izinga isihlobo zesizotha umfundi.
• Imibuzo. Ososayensi baye basungula ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ngokuthi "iphrofayli imfundo". Ukuhlolwa igcwalise ifomu imibuzo futhi aphendule experimenter ihlaziya okuqukethwe.
• Indlela ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya nezindlela kwezibalo processing idatha.

Futhi ezinye izindlela ukuxilongwa

Abahlola lesi simo akhuluma ngayo, kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi, nangokunquma izinga lemfundo, experimenter futhi ukuxilonga imvelo zokuziphatha yomuntu. Ngenxa leli qiniso, okutholakele mayelana zizalela ingase ihlanganise imininingwane ekhombisa zonke izici umuntu, ngoba lezi zimfanelo eduze kuhlobene.

Sifo zizalela sihlanganisa indlela oluchaza, imikhiqizo sokuhlaziya umsebenzi, njll Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akekho reception akanayo unenkululeko egcwele, ngoba kukhona abanye izimfuneko ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ngakho-ke, uma experimenter ufuna ukuthola okunokwethenjelwa idatha ivolumu, kungako kumele isetshenziswe eziningana amasu kanye uhla oluphelele amathuluzi kusebenta kwahulumende.

Ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningi inikeza izici ezilandelayo:

1. Uhlaziyo ecacile futhi egcwele izici zobuntu.
2. Ukunciphisa luhlangotsi kokuhlaziywa zizalela, ngoba amaqiniso etholwe etholakala ezihlukahlukene zokupopola.
3. nemibi ezithile kanye amaphutha inqubo yokufunda abafundi.

izingibe

Ngenxa computerization ubuchwepheshe zokuxilonga ukuthola nokucubungula ulwazi amazinga zesizotha sekulula kakhulu, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa jikelele ukuphakamisa ubuqiniso siyiqiniso idatha etholakalayo. Kodwa ibuphi ubuchwepheshe kwezemfundo, kuhlanganise zokuxilonga, has kokubili ngebuhle nebubi.

Okokuqala, ezifanelekayo ukufuya ukuhlola - ngokuya ihogela insufficiently wafunda, ngakho nohlaka yayo methodological akuyona ngokwanele athuthukile. Mfundisi ukuhlela ukuba ukuhlola ukubhekana ne kungathembeki ibangelwe yizindlela ezithile futhi imiphumela ukuthi uthola ukuba ngokwanele nalikhuluma ngemlandvo futsi letsembekile.

Okwesibili, iningi ezisetshenzisiwe uphethwe, libhekene kushuba zidinga imali ngokwanele enkulu isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukunemba okwashiwo Imiphumela kuzoncika ubude bayo.

Okwesithathu, amathuluzi athile ezifana imibuzo nenhlolovo, ayoba mancane amathuba ukunikeza idatha olunembile futhi enokwethenjelwa.

Usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye yokuzalanisa amasu uphethwe ivumela uthisha ngokuphelele ukuhlola lesi simanga. Yiqiniso, zikhona ezinye amaphutha kanye amaphutha ubuchwepheshe ethulwa, kodwa yona yayisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngochwepheshe emsebenzini wakhe.

yethonya

Mhlawumbe akufanele waphinda sikhunjuzwe ukuthi indima umndeni e bekhulisa ingane umane omkhulu, futhi ezifakwe ngiseyingane, has a negalelo elinamandla ngabanye impilo yabantu esizukulwaneni esizayo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-zasenkulisa, abazali eliphakeme kunawo wonke, begodu ngiwo okuyibona abaningi izimfanelo lomuntu. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-esikoleni, sibonisa ukukholeka esingokwemvelo uyise nonina ezazidingeka.

Uma ingane nomndeni uthola uthando ngokwanele, ukunakekelwa, ukunakekela kanye imizwelo eyakhayo, ke luyokhula iziphoxi. Isibhakabhaka negative, izingxabano izingxabano ziyabonakala ngisho indoda kancane. indima umndeni ekukhulisweni yengane akukhona ukweqisa, ngoba lezi zimo kwakhiwa Izinkolelo umntwana.

Futhi uzinake ukuthi abazali amamodeli indima. Uma imfundo isici umama nobaba, kuyodingeka ingane. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhathazeka umama nomntwana kalula ngocansi by izindikimba engabonakali ngokomzwelo, kanye nezinye izici. Imikhuba emihle ngezilokotho ekusebenzelaneni Izingane ukuncela like isiponji emndenini. ukuziphatha Ubudlova ngokuphahluka nguyise lubonakaliswa yokuthi ingane ngeke ngilwe nesikhulu guys.

Ukubaluleka igunya labazali

Umama nobaba akufanele sikhohlwe tinhlangotsi letehlukene imfundo. Odinga ukuchazela izinyane ulimi uyakuqonda. Sikhula, ingane ngeke kuphinde kudingeke moralizing sabazali futhi ngeke lokubhikisha. Ungashiyi ingane yakho wedwa nge inkinga, kube khona, ngisize, kodwa ungenzi lutho kuye, ngoba umntwana kumele zithole nelwatinchanti lwabo.

Umkhaya - it is a endaweni ephephile lapho ungakwazi ukulungiselela nokufundisa indoda kancane nezimo ezihlukene, ukudala ukuziphatha ezahlukene. Abazali babonisa kid kuyinto phakathi kokuhle nokubi, yini engenziwa nalokho abakwazi. Khumbula ukuthi - isibonelo ekahle ingane yakho. Uma ukufundisa ingane ukuthi elele kubi, musa yileyo-ke bona.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Kwenzeka ukuthi abazali abakwazi ukuthola isisombululo evamile ukuqeqeshwa, futhi kukhona izingxabano. Ingane akubalwa ngiwubone nikuzwe. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu ungubani entsha ukuze amakhono yabo, izinto abanazo, izifiso, hhayi nje ukuqhutshekiselwa phambili umzali, okuyinto ingafinyelela amathemba akho zingagcwaliseki. Ezemfundo yomuntu - akuyona inqubo elula, kodwa kuyathakazelisa kakhulu!