Ilya Mechnikov - umdali inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela yeselula bangangenwa yilesi sifo

Phakathi nengxenye kwekhulu XIX yesibili, odokotela nezesayenzi langaleso sikhathi ngenkuthalo uphenyo indima Amagciwane e ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye lokwakha i mzimba yokufakelwa kubo. Lezizifundo kwaholela ekutadisheni amaqiniso mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo umzimba ezifweni. Pasteur wanikela wezesayensi umbono okuthiwa "mpilo amandla." Ngokwalo mbono, amasosha omzimba viral isimo lapho umzimba womuntu awuwona ngempela izakhi ukuze ejenti nenzuzo ezithathelwanayo. Nokho, lo mbono abakwazanga ukukuchaza inombolo kokuma esisebenzayo.

Inkemba: ithiyori yeselula bangangenwa yilesi sifo

Lo mbono uvele 1883. UMdali imfundiso yokuziphendukela amasosha omzimba yeselula ukuthi esekelwe ezimfundisweni esikhathini sikaCharles Darwin, futhi yayisekelwe Ukutadisha izinqubo wokugaya ukudla izilwane, okuyinto zitholakala emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela kwemvelo. Umbhali kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela osanda kubalwa ithole izici ezithile ezifuze ukugayeka intracellular izidakamizwa e-endoderm amaseli, amoebae, izicubu macrophage kanye monocytes. Empeleni, i-theory yeselula of amasosha omzimba owenziwa sezinto eziphilayo esidumile Russian Ilya Mechnikov. Umsebenzi wakhe kule ndawo yathatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Ukuthola kubo emuva kuze kufike emzini Italy Messina, lapho samagciwane ukuba bagcine ukuziphatha sea namazeze kanti izibungu sea izinkanyezi.

A sezifo yathola ukuthi amangqamuzana ezulazulayo waphawula izidalwa umzimba alien uzungezwe, bese umzimba kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele lalizobhujiswa, bese unquma labo nezicubu awadingekile umzimba kakhudlwana. Wayezikhandla kakhulu ukuthuthukisa umqondo walo. UMdali imfundiso yokuziphendukela amasosha omzimba yeselula usanda kwethula lento, eqinisweni, igama elithi "amaseli phagocytic" emazwini YesiGreki "fages" - udle! "Kitos" - cell. Lokho yigama elisha ngokwezwi nezwi libhekisela inqubo ukudla amaseli. Umqondo lezi phagocytes usosayensi ifikile kancane ekuqaleni, lapho ngifunda ukugayeka intracellular e ahlukahlukene zezinzwa izicubu amaseli ezingenamgogodla: izipanji, amoeba nezinye.

Abameleli emhlabeni isilwane ephakeme ingase phagocytes ejwayelekile kakhulu ngokuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, okusho leukocyte. Kamuva, umdali inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela amasosha omzimba yeselula ahlinzekwa ukwabelana la mangqamuzana ukuze macrophage, futhi ama-macrophage. Ukuthi lolusuku kwaqinisekiswa ukufezekisa lokhu usosayensi ngokwahlukana P. Ehrlich ezikuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene leukocyte ngu staining. Ezinkondlweni zakhe zakudala abazinikele zokugula ukuvuvukala, umdali inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela yeselula bangangenwa yilesi sifo wakwazi ukufakazela indima amaseli phagocytic e inqubo ukuqedwa Amagciwane. Kakade 1901 wangena ezweni umsebenzi wakhe ezibalulekile amasosha omzimba ezifweni ezithathelwanayo. Ngaphezu Ilya Mechnikov, neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni kanye nokusabalalisa inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela phagocytic bangangenwa yilesi sifo eyenziwe IG Savchenko, fy Chistovich, LA Tarasevich, AM Birch, VI Isayev kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho abacwaningi.