Ihlathi Karelian: incazelo, nemvelo, izihlahla kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Karelia is ngokwesiko ngokuthi ehlathini echibini onqenqemeni. sezwe Modern kwamiswa ngaphansi kwethonya a ukuncibilika yeqhwa eyaqala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane nantathu edlule. Ice amashidi kancane kancane lehla ngokushesha, kanti amanzi ncibilikisa egcwele emigodini emadwaleni. Ngakho kwamiswa eziningi emachibini nasemifuleni e Karelia.

ihlathi virgin

ihlathi Karelian - ingcebo yangempela esifundeni. Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, imisebenzi iningi namahlathi indiva ngokuyisimangaliso ngawo. Lokhu kusebenza afanayo ngasemngceleni Finnish. Ngenxa yalesi siqhingi walondoloza imvelo acwebile. amahlathi Karelian ngiziqhayise izihlahla zikaphayini, ogama yobudala ifinyelela iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu.

Ngo Karelia, mayelana izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu amahektha emahlathini e isimo zokulondolozwa kanye izinqolobane. izihlahla Virgin yisisekelo "Pasvik" izinqolobane, "Kostomukshsky", "Paanayarvsky" National Park.

Umcebo Green: Managing

Kutfutfukiswa Karelia amahlathi waqala ngesikhathi kokuzalwa umkhakha. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili le ukugawula izihlahla egqoka zikhethe. Vele emhlabeni ironworks kwaba ahlabayo ecacile. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, ivolumu izingodo izikhala yagcwala ukubonga. Ukujula the Karelian amahlathi kancane kancane bhotela. Kwakuthinta kuphela nineties kwekhulu elidlule, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi liye lehla kakhulu. Njengamanje, waphinda kukhona ukwenyuka kancane izinga yokuvuna izingodo, ngoba iwumkhiqizo ukuthekelisa ezibalulekile, okuyinto njalo funa.

Karelian ihlathi: zemithi ezishiywe linqobe

Lezi zindawo yilezi izimila emangalisayo enhle futhi ecebile.

Ngesisekelo Karelian amahlathi - kuyinto sonwele and kaphayini. Ngo ezisenyakatho ungahlangana sonwele Finnish, futhi empumalanga - laseSiberia. Kodwa izimila umelwe AmaConifers hhayi kuphela. Yini eyingqayizivele Karelian ihlathi? Yini izihlahla zikhule ngisho kulezi zindawo? Kukhona futhi hardwoods ezivamile. Famous Karelian birch ihlathi izihlahla, izinhlobo zalo ezimbili - Fluffy futhi warty. Futhi oluqinile ikhula Alder okunamathelayo futhi aspen.

izinhlobo zamahlathi

ENingizimu Karelia kukhona amapheshana enkulu izihlahla ezibanzi enezicabha - Elm, Linden, Alder ne-maple. Karelian zikaphayini amahlathi zikhule, ngokuvamile nenhlabathi abampofu futhi wenze izinhlobo eziningana ukuthi kuhluke uhlobo inhlabathi futhi uhlobo izimila uqimba aphansi.

Ezindaweni, emathafeni nasemaxhaphozini cishe yonke indawo sikhule amahlathi sphagnum zikaphayini nge efanele futhi tonkostvolnym ihlathi. Lapha inhlabathi elinesimo ikhava obukhulu moss, futhi uphethe inombolo enkulu nezihlahla - rosemary, amajingijolo, futhi bog umbomvana.

At evundile ixazululwe zikaphayini-zelenomoshniki okuyinto amelwa imithi emide. Kuleli hlathi esinindolweni obukhulu ezingavamile kakhulu futhi siqukethe zokhuni futhi Rowan. Bush vala cranberry futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa inhlabathi embozwe moss. Njengoba izitshalo herbaceous, nanka ambalwa kakhulu.

On nenhlabathi mpilo, amagquma kanye amawa temabhodlela sikhule amahlathi ulele zikaphayini. Izihlahla kulezi zindawo abasakwazi ezingavamile, futhi kukhona nhlobo underbrush. ikhava Soil emelelwa ulele, moss, wona oluhlaza, bearberry, cranberry.

Ukuze uthole onothile ngaphezulu libhekene sonwele. I ezivamile zelenomoshniki, ehlanganisa ninodwa ka nemisayipuresi, kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka e-aspen kanye birch. Emaphethelweni emaxhaphozini ku nenhlabathi Peat-podzolic zitholakala sphagnum sonwele futhi dolgomoshniki. Kodwa imifudlana izigodi isici bolotnotravnye sonwele ihlathi moss futhi alders ithambile futhi meadowsweet.

amahlathi okuxubile

Esikhundleni ukugawula futhi ihlathi imililo kanye olukhulu esikhundleni yesibili ihlathi okuxubile ezindaweni lapho ukhule e-aspen, birch, Alder, futhi bethule esinindolweni ocebile futhi ungqimba aluhlaza. Kodwa phakathi hardwoods kukhona lalivamile, futhi AmaConifers. Njengomthetho, kuba sonwele. Kuyinto emahlathini okuxubile eningizimu Karelia ezingajwayelekile lapha Elm, Linden, maple.

emaxhaphozini

Mayelana amathathu amaphesenti endaweni republic sika kuhlala emaxhaphozini namaxhaphozi, akha isici landscape. They alternate ngamahlathi. Marshes zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Eliphansi izimila okumelelwe nezihlahla, nemihlanga sedge.
2. Upland, okuyinto bondliwa kwezulu ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Lapha ikhule aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cranberry, ama-cloudberry rosemary zasendle.
3. emaxhaphozini zesikhashana umelele inhlanganisela ezithakazelisayo lwezinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala.

Zonke ixhaphozi ubukeka zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye amachibi, embozwe butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela wona. Lapha kukhona uphayini izindawo exhaphozini izihlahla ezincane birch, phakathi okuyinto gleam ichibi emnyama duckweed.

Nobuhle Karelia

Karelia - zwe elihle kokuvamile. Lapha ixhaphozi igcwele moss, kushintshane amahlathi intombi, ezintabeni akhale emathafeni namagquma nge kwenkundla emangalisayo, ebusweni nokuzola echibini liphenduka imifula edla izindwani futhi imifula enamadwala ugu.

Cishe 85% of the indawo - ehlathini Karelian. Egajwe AmaConifers, kodwa kukhona ezincane enezicabha. Umholi eziqinile kakhulu Karelian zikaphayini. It ithatha 2/3 wabo bonke amahlathi. Ukhula Othandweni izimo ezinzima esinjalo, kuba umbono bendawo, has esiyingqayizivele ukuphulukiswa izakhiwo, okuyobangela ezizungezile amandla, ukukhathala ukucasuka.

amahlathi Local abadumile Karelian birch. Empeleni, kuba esihlahleni mncane impela futhi nondescript. Nokho, iye yazuza emhlabeni udumo sibonga ukhuni yayo eqinile kakhulu futhi okuqinile, okuyinto ufana zemabula ngenxa sibalo yinqaba.

amahlathi Karelian nazo ocebile izitshalo herbaceous zokwelapha ezidliwayo kanye nezihlahla. Kukhona amajikijolo, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-raspberry, ama-strawberry, ama-cloudberry cranberry nama-lingonberry. Kungaba ngokungafanele hhayi kokukhumbula amakhowe, okuyinto Karelia ngokuchichimayo. Owokuqala zivele Juni, kwathi ngo-September, inkathi wokuqoqa amakhowe for pickling - yiya volnushki, sinyushki, amakhowe.

zinhlobo isihlahla

On the expanses Karelian zemithi zikaphayini, ogama yobudala akuyona esingaphansi iminyaka 300-350. Nokho, zikhona zezinhlobo ezindadlana. ukuphakama wabo 20-25 noma 35 amamitha. izinaliti Pine ukhiqiza oluyingozi, okungase ukubulala amagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto Ukuvezwa eyigugu kakhulu, ukhuni yayo muhle shipbuilding nokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi elula. Isihlahla ijusi ekhishwe rosin kanye turpentine.

Ngo amanzi Marcial ikhula impela esiyingqayizivele zikaphayini-osindile, ogama yobudala - angaba ngamakhulu amane iminyaka. Wangena phakathi izinhlu izihlahla ezingavamile. Kukhona ngisho legend ukuthi isihlahla zikaphayini itshalwe omkhulu kaPetru mina, kodwa uma acabangele iminyaka yakhe yobudala, ukuthi kungenzeka, ukhulele kusekude ukuba inkathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e Karelia ikhula sonwele laseSiberia, livamile. Ngamagama wendawo ehlala iminyaka emibili noma amathathu namashumi, futhi ezinye ziphila nakuba kungaze kube yinxenye leminyaka ubudala, kuyilapho ekufezeni 35 metres ubude. I ububanzi isihlahla - elilodwa. ukhuni sonwele ulula kakhulu, cishe white, kuba soft kakhulu futhi ukukhanya. Isetshenziselwa ekwenzeni iphepha engcono. Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- isitshalo umculo. Okunjalo isihloko ethola akukhona nje ukuqondana kwezinto. Smooth futhi abacishe abaphelele iziqu zakhe esetshenziswa ukwenziwa zomculo.

Emahlathini Karelian wathola inyoka sonwele okuyinto semvelo. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu sikhule nasemapaki.

Larch, ezivamile Karelia, ukubizwa ngokuthi zezihlahla, kodwa njalo ngonyaka bechitha izinaliti yabo. Lo muthi ubhekwa isikhathi eside, njengoba iminyaka iqhubeka ngenxa izimpilo kuze kube 400-500 (ukuphakama kuze kufinyelele 40 metres). Larch likhula masinyane futhi lwaziswa hhayi kuphela ngenxa izinkuni zawo eziqinile, kodwa futhi njengendlela park isiko.

Ngo ezomile sonwele and kaphayini amahlathi eziningi zokhuni, okuyinto coniferous siluhlaza shrub. Kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela njengoba esimila Ornamental, kodwa futhi njengendlela zinhlobo okwelapha, ngoba izithelo zalo lunezinto zisetshenziselwe imithi yokwelapha.

I Karelian birch kugcwele umhlaba wonke. Kukhona ngezinye izikhathi umuthi owabizwa ngokuthi iphayona, njengoba ungowokuqala ukuba luthathe noma isiphi isikhala khulula. Birch uhlala isikhathi esifushane - kusukela eminyakeni 80 kuya ku-100. Emahlathini kuziwa ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili nanhlanu.