Idivayisi sokulinganisa amandla webhethri. Izindlela eziyinhloko

Wonke umnikazi imoto nezimangaliso yini insimbi kudingekile sokulinganisa amandla sebhetri. Ukulinganisa lesi silinganiso ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngesikhathi ukudlula ukugcinwa kuhlelwe, kodwa kuyoba usizo ukuze ufunde ukuthi bakuchaza.

Idivayisi sokulinganisa amandla webhethri

umthamo webhethri - ipharamitha ukuthi inquma ubungako bamandla ayikhululwa ibhethri endaweni ukungezwani ezithile ehoreni elilodwa. It is kulinganiswa ngo A / h (Ampere ihora), futhi kuncike kwabantu electrolyte, okuyinto kunqunywa idivayisi ekhethekile - hydrometer. Uma ukuthenga ibhethri elisha, zonke nemingcele lobuchwepheshe amaphuzu nomkhiqizi emzimbeni. Kodwa lesi silinganiso ingachazwa wedwa. Kukhona amathuluzi akhethekile amasu.

Indlela elula - ukuthatha umhloli ekhethekile, njengokuthi "elengayo". Kuyinto idivayisi yesimanje sokulinganisa capacitance sebhetri imoto, kanye voltage yayo. Kulokhu, uzochitha imali okungenani isikhathi futhi uthole yi okuthembekile. Ukuze uhlole, kufanele ukuxhuma idivayisi terminals kwebhetri futhi imizuzwana embalwa njengoba inquma hhayi kuphela umthamo kanye voltage battery kanye isimo amapuleti. Nokho, kunezinye izindlela yokunquma umthamo webhethri.

Indlela yokuqala (classical)

Ngokwesibonelo, imitha ingasetshenziswa njengendlela idivayisi sokulinganisa amandla webhethri imoto, kodwa ngosizo i Ukufundwa olunembile uthola. A imfuneko le ndlela (okuthiwa osenyameni ukulawula indlela) kwebhethri egcwele. Ukuze uqale, kudingeka ukuxhuma ibhethri umthengi enamandla (ngempela efanelekayo ezivamile isibani amandla 60W).

Ngemva kwalokho okudingeke ukuba babuthane iketanga, esakhiwa multimeter, ibhethri, umsebenzisi futhi ifayela umthwalo. Uma isibani asishintshi ukukhanya yayo imizuzu 2 (ngenye ibhethri ngeke ibuyiselwe), susa ukufundwa at ethize zinkathi. Uma Inkomba lize liba ngaphansi kwe voltage esezingeni ibhethri (ingaphansi umthwalo 12b), khulula yawo iyaqala ukonakala. Manje, ukwazi nesikhathi ukuthi kwathatha ukuqedela kokubhubhisa wesitoreji amandla futhi zamanje umthengi umthwalo, kubalulekile ukuba azale ande lezi zimiso. Umkhiqizo yalezi eziguquguqukayo iyona umthamo wangempela ibhethri. Uma amanani etholwe bengafani idatha iphasiphothi ohlangothini ezincane, ibhethri idinga ukushintshwa. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukunquma anoma yimuphi ibhethri. Ububi le ndlela isikhathi esiningi.

Eyesibili indlela

Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa indlela lapho Ibhethri lingashajwa ngokusebenzisa Resistor ngokusebenzisa wesifunda ekhethekile. Ukusebenzisa isitophuwashi sithole isikhathi kuthathwe ukuchithela. Njengoba amandla elahlekile ngesikhathi voltage phakathi 1 volt, singayeka kalula ukunquma ngamandla wamanje kusetshenziswa indlela mina = UR, lapho mina - umfutho zamanje, U - voltage, R - ukumelana. Kuyadingeka ukuba ugweme khulula ephelele ibhethri, usebenzisa, isibonelo, edluliselwe ekhethekile.

Indlela yokwenza kudivayisi yakho siqu

In the ukungabikho kungenzeka ukuthenga idivayisi ngomumo, ungahlala ukuqoqa idivayisi sokulinganisa amandla ibhethri ngesandla.

Ukuze sithole isimo ophethe kanye nomthamo ibhethri, ungasebenzisa imfoloko ukulayisha. Ukuthengiswa eziningi amamodeli we Imigudu ngomumo eyenziwe, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqoqa it mathupha. Okulandelayo sicabanga okukodwa ongakhetha kukho.

Le modeli isebenzisa nohlu enwetshiwe, sifinyelele okusezingeni eliphezulu nesilinganiso ukunemba. Kukhona esakhelwe umthwalo ukumelana. Lesilinganiso sikhonjiswe ihlukaniswe amabanga amabili (0-10 futhi 10-15 V), onikeza ukuncishiswa kwemali eyengeziwe ngephutha nesilinganiso. I-apharathasi Ubuye isikali 3 engama-volt angu kanye nezinye esibulalayo zedivayisi wokulinganisa okuvumela ukuhlolwa ngabanye ibhethri amathini. Esikalini ku 15B ibangelwa ukunciphisa diode kanye voltage Zener. Ubukhulu kwamanje kwedivayisi kwandisa lapho ukubaluleka voltage idlula izinga emcimbini wokuvulwa diode zener. Lapho amandla kagesi ayilungile Ukuvikelwa polarity umsebenzi wenziwa yi-diode.

Isikimu: R1- zener ezithwala edingekayo zamanje; U-R2 no-R3 - resistors, ezikhethiwe ukuze microammeter M3240; -R4 - inquma ububanzi span eliwumngcingo; - R5 umthwalo ukumelana ifakiwe tumbler SB1.

Amandla lwamanje umthwalo kunqunywa umthetho Ohm sika. Ngo ukubala ukumelana umthwalo.

Idivayisi sokulinganisa amandla AA ibhethri

umthamo AA ibhethri ulinganiswa ma / h (milliamps ngehora). Ukuze nesilinganiso amabhethri enjalo ungafaka isicelo amashaja ekhethekile ichaze zamanje, voltage nomthamo ibhethri. Isibonelo thuluzi yidivayisi sokulinganisa amandla webhethri AccuPower IQ3, esesikhundleni kwamandla ngobubanzi voltage kusuka volts 100 ku-240. Ukulinganisa isidingo ukufaka amabhethri ku idivayisi, nayo yonke imingcele edingekayo kuzovezwa.

Ukunqunywa isitsha ishaja

Futhi, umthamo kungenziwa kunqunywa nge ishaja ezivamile. Ngemva yokunquma inani ophethe njengamanje (ke kuvezwa izici zedivayisi), ibhethri kumele usushajeke futhi ukuthola isikhathi langemva. Ngemva siphindaphindeka lezi zimiso ezimbili, sithola amandla eseduze.

Okuningi ukufundwa olunembile ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa enye indlela okuyiwona udinga ibhethri ngokugcwele-icala, a isitophuwashi, a multimeter nomthengi (ungasebenzisa, ezifana flashlight). Xhuma umthengi ukuba ibhethri, bese usebenzisa multimeter ukucacisa ukusetshenziswa wamanje (ezincane kangaka, athembeke kakhulu imiphumela). Siphawula isikhathi ngesikhathi lapho i-flashlight, futhi umphumela siphindwe ukusetshenziswa zamanje.