Ifaka zomdabu izimoto ezahlukene: esikhundleni, ukukhanda, ukufakwa

Cranking ifaka crankshaft umonakalo ezivamile sina injini. Ngeke ikufake yokuhluleka yayo, kodwa umthelela ukusebenza. Ngokulandelako, cabangela izici izimiso okusebenzela kuyo ifaka, kanye esikhundleni ifaka zomdabu.

definition

ifaka Indigenous - motor izakhi kuboniswa ngokuhambisa amabombo ukuze nokukhawulela ukufuduka Axial we crankshaft futhi ukushintshanisa namajenali crank yokuhlala ebhkisini isilinda.

Umgomo we operation

Umklamo imoto uye waphathwa izakhi eziningi ligijima. Ubulula ujikeleza olunikezwa isicelo we amabombo. Iningi kakhulu ezithwele motor ujikelezisa Ingxenye crankshaft. Ngakho-ke, it is futhi ogibele amabombo, ne Balisebenzisa kakhulu amabombo beya. imininingwane enjalo yanamuhla kukhona amashidi steel nge enamathela antifriction. It ifaka impande.

Nazi izinhlobo ifaka

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona yomdabu yokuxhuma induku amabombo. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo.

Ngaphandle ifaka yesibili ebekelwa anemifantu annular. Imininingwane ngokwesilinganiso ukweseka abanye abaningi. Ubude ifaka enjalo 10: 4 nge inkatho 6 futhi akukho. Leli bhokisi isilinda igibele a ezimazombezombe amahlamvu okuxekethile ezinkulu futhi omunye ngaphandle endaweni yesithathu. Insali aboshelwe cap impande.

Ixhuma induku amabombo ka ububanzi kancane. Ziyakwazi usayizi ofanayo, banjalo nezilandiso futhi abanalo anemifantu circumferential. Induku faka igibele nge beso esivalweni futhi ngaphandle.

izici ezikhethekile

Kit ifaka zomdabu shelwe isikhundla esinqunyiwe endaweni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i embhedeni. Isidingo ukufakwa fixed ngenxa izici ezimbili. Okokuqala, ezinye ifaka abe umgodi namafutha, futhi kumele kuhlanganiswe iziteshi efanayo emibhedeni yabo. Okwesibili, asikwenzi ngomshikisho izingxenye ukulungele le njongo evele.

Izici wokusebenza

Ngo kokuhlinzwa, injini liner angaphansi ukucindezeleka njalo ngenxa ukungqubuzana mutual yalezi izingxenye. Ngakho-ke, ukubeka i-ifaka impande kumele zimiswe egxilile ukuvimbela displacement we crankshaft ligijima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izinyathelo:

• Okokuqala, cabangela izici ngomshikisho kubhekwa izingxenye, esizibonakalisa njengoba sehla ngokumelene nomunye ngaphansi komthwalo. Inani layo kunqunywa Coefficient friction futhi ukubaluleka umthwalo izingxenye abasizanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi okuthembekile nokugcinwa ifaka kufanele kuncishiswe ukuchayeka kwabo kuya crankshaft. Ngenxa yale njongo, kunciphisa Coefficient friction ngokusebenzisa ka antifriction impahla, okuyinto lisetshenziswa ebusweni ifaka.
• Okwesibili, ifaka yomdabu aphethwe athutha emhlabathini. Ngenxa yale njongo, izindlela ezimbili. Lezi zici zixhunywe nge kufanelekile ukuphazamiseka, ucacise ngokwakhayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngamunye wabo ingxenye eyengeziwe ngokuthi tendril, ukukhonza futhi ukubamba.

Ubukhulu

Amapharamitha sekukonke adinga ukwazi leyo, ukuhlinzeka yobunzima, kahle ukufaka ifaka impande. Ubukhulu kulezi zingxenye akhethiwe esekelwe ubukhulu ngasemaphethelweni ombhede. Ngalokhu ipharamitha ifaka zihlukaniswe amaqembu usayizi, ukuqokwa okuyinto eziqukethwe wokugubha.

On ubukhulu ifaka impande crankshaft sehlukaniswe okuzisholo kanye nokulungisa. Kunezinhlobo ezine Usayizi ukulungisa nge umehluko 0.25 mm. esetshenziswa Basuke, uma esikhundleni wenziwa ukuba crankshaft ophucuziwe ngokuhambisana lingakanani.

Izimbangela ukuwohloka

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lapho injini ngayinye injini liner olukhulu kokukhuhlana amandla njalo izenzo elusa azixoshe ke kusukela endaweni yokuqala. Ngo isimo sokuqala e efanele amandla injini izingxenye yakhelwe ngemajini, ukuze ukumelana nakakhulu leyo misebenzi. Ukuze uthole amandla amayunithi 200 amalitha. a. voltage on the uhla faka kusuka 0.1 kuya 1 kgf. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, kuyinto wakhona amandla umthwalo uhlale ngomshikisho Coefficient.

Ngaphandle ifaka olukhulu luvikelwe ukuthi imodi esebenzayo friction ketshezi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa uwoyela, okuyinto kwakha ifilimu phakathi entanyeni shaft kanye ebusweni ukusebenza faka. izinto zibhekwa Ngakho bavikelekile ukuthintana ngqo, futhi okungenani amandla kokukhuhlana abayifunayo. uwoyela ifilimu kumiswa izinga kunqunywa ukufuduka mutual izingxenye bezihlikihla. Ngomshikisho hydrodynamic imodi yayo anda okwandisa. Leli gama bona anda nekusebenta kokuqina ifilimu igebe ukwandisa Uhlonze lwalo ngenxa. Nokho, nge okwandisa inani ukushisa eyenziwe ngomshikisho kwandisa ijubane izingxenye, ngakho amafutha lokushisa iyakhula. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba thinning phuca, lapho ukushuba ifilimu incipha. Ngakho-ke, ukuze lusebenze kahle kumelwe sifinyelele ukulinganisela phakathi inqubo yokubuyekeza.

Uma ukwephula ubuqotho amafutha ifilimu ngomshikisho Coefficient iyakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, torque cranking ezivezwa kushaft crank luyanda, ngisho ngaphansi umthwalo njalo.

Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona isimo reverse, lapho lenyuka nganoma yisiphi isizathu phambili umthwalo ukuncipha lamafutha film ukushuba. Futhi ngenxa okwandisa izinga lokushisa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ukuhilizisana. Ngenxa yalokho, i-mnandi is kuncibilike, zokuqhubeka nokwehlisa ukushuba.

Lezi zinqubo kungenzeka oxhumene futhi avele ndawonye. Okungukuthi, omunye wabo kungenzeka umphumela we nezinye.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi cranking viscosity amafutha kakhulu abathintekayo. Ukuhlobana phakathi lezi zici ngokuqondile ezilinganiselwe, okungukuthi, ayanda kunjalo, aba maningi amandla ukuhilizisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho viscosity aphezulu kawoyela nhlonhlo iyakhula. Nokho, lapho uwoyela viscosity ngokweqile akuyona enikeziwe eziningi ezanele ezonini friction, ukuze ukushuba nesigaxa uwoyela kuyehla. Ngenxa yalokho, umphumela uwoyela viscosity phezu ukujikeleza ifaka ayikwazi ukucaciswa nangokunembile. Ngakho-ke, ikhumbula impahla kwamanye we impahla: lubricity, okubhekisele amandla kokubonisa yayo nge ebusweni zokusebenza.

Coefficient friction kunqunywa ngokunemba geometry kanye maholoholo we evele ixhumana, futhi khona kule igrisi izinhlayiya angaphandle. Uma kwenzeka khona izinhlayiya in the amafutha noma ngaphezulu semfene we ifilimu kuyaphazamiseka, okuholela kwezinye izindawo kuboniswa izimo ngomshikisho okuxubile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zici avele okukhulu kakhulu ekuqaleni ukusebenza imoto uma kukhona kugqekezwa isikhathi izicucu, + ngakho izingxenye ngomshikisho kule nkathi unozwela ngokukhethekile ukucindezeleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zomdabu liner crankshaft kuthiwa ijikelezwe ngenxa umzamo enganele, awabambe embhedeni. Kungase kube ngenxa ukufakwa kwe-akafundile noma kube umphumela zokukhandleka ngenxa umthelela cranking torque engu.

cranking liner

Ngokuvamile kukhona displacement ifaka bomdabu ngezindaba ukufakwa ubeka crankshaft (cranking). Lokhu kungaba ngenxa ukwehla ukugxambukela, izingxenye emvula kubukwe embhedeni, ngaphansi kwethonya la maqiniso angenhla, futhi omunye izimpondo alwanele ukubamba.

Ukuphazamiseka embhedeni ifaka zomdabu kungaba kunqunywa izinto ezifana abayizithulu metal sidilize ngesikhatsi operation injini nokucindezelwa amathonsi ohlelweni Lubrication.

ukulungiswa

Ukuze esikhundleni ifaka yomdabu amasethi edingekayo of amabhowudu kanye isikudilayiva a mic. Ukulungisa ifaka zomdabu zihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana.

• Okokuqala, udinga ukunikeza ukufinyelela phansi imoto. Lokho kusho ukuthi kumelwe uyifake phezu komgodi ukuhlolwa noma platform.
• Njengoba ibattery sisuswa okungekuhle phambili ezikhumulweni.
• Ukudilizwa Eminye pan amafutha engine (lena indlela elula ukufinyelela, ungaqala disassembly of phezulu bese uvala injini).
• Ngemva kwalokho, lo mbhalo esuswa ezingemuva crankshaft uwoyela uphawu umnikazi.
• Khona-ke ikhava camshaft drive esuswa gasket.
• Ingabe-ke asuswe sprocket-crank isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo chain.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho okudingeke ukuba maka mutual ilungiselelo isihlobo ukuba nithela CAPS futhi isilinda izinduku ku nezigqoko.
• Khona-ke osemqoka 14 baphotha yokuxhuma nenduku cap nut usisuse liner.
• Lezi imisebenzi liphindwe zonke izinduku.
• Lapho beqeda ikhava is Ngafaka phezulu.
• Bese thatha out impande ofeleba indlebe nama-rod yokuxhuma.
• Ngokulandelayo, ezibalelwa ku-17 baphotha imishudo ezinoqwembe amabombo lenkhulu crankshaft.
• Okokuqala ahlukanisa ikhava owokugcina wabo.
• Linikeza ukufinyelela eziphikelelayo isigamu indandatho inkatho e ezingemuva amabombo crankshaft. Basuke isuswe ngokucindezela amachopho screwdriver elincanyana.
• Lezi imisebenzi okuphindaphindiwe asele eziveza ofeleba. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuba ubambe crankshaft. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cap enzelwe ngezinombolo, futhi kusukela crankshaft we Sock.
• Khona-ke esuswa bezinhlamvu.
• Okokuqala yokuxhuma induku ifaka walulama bese olukhulu crankshaft okuxekethile.
• Crankshaft kudingeka kuhlolwe umonakalo. Uma zikhona, into ushintsho.
• Futhi uhlole induku yokuxhuma kanye ofeleba impande ngu yalinganisa micrometer. Idatha etholwe kuhlobene nezinga labalwa.
• Uma kudingekile, ugaye izingxenye. Ngo ezifana icala kufanele kulinganiswe ukubala ukulungisa yabo usayizi ifaka.
• Crankshaft kuhlanzwe ngamanzi ne kaphalafini beshaya izimbotshana.
• Yibe usubeka eziveza amagobolondo entsha.
• Umbhede Sibhalwe eziveza yesihlanu ukukhwezwa eziphikelelayo isigamu amasongo anemifantu kuya crankshaft.
• Okulandelayo, hlola imvume phakathi kwalezi izingxenye. Inani evamile kubhekwa 0,06-0,26 mm. Uma-ke ingaphezu 0.35 mm, usebenzisa aletha ukujiya anda.
• I crankshaft shelwe block ngaphambilini owagcoba.
• Khona-ke ukhuphule ofeleba eziveza hlola inkululeko crankshaft ngokushintshana.
• It isethwe izinduku, liner kanye nesembozo.
• Khona-ke ukhuphule pan amafutha sump.
• Bese ukufaka umnikazi crankshaft ne uphawu ezingemuva uwoyela.
• Ekugcineni, usetha imininingwane asele.
• Ekupheleni amaphaphu ulungise isikhathi uchungechunge, ibhande generator ukuthungela isikhathi.