I-Palace Palace: inqubo yokukhumbula ngezwi

Isilinganiso sokuphila samanje kanye nesivinini sokuvuselela ulwazi lwesayensi nolwazi olusebenzayo olwenziwa ngabantu basimanje emsebenzini wabo, futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kubangela imibuzo eminingi yokuthi ungabamba kanjani ngekhanda ngaphezulu futhi ukhumbule inani elibalulekile lolwazi oluhlukahlukene isikhathi eside. Ngeshwa, izikole eziningi azifundisi isiyalo esinjengokungaboni kahle, okufundisa amasu ahlukahlukene, izindlela nezindlela zokukhumbula ngekhanda nokugcina ulwazi. "Isigodlo seMemori" - esinye sezimboni ezindala kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngomlando wawo, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kanye namathuba okusebenza okusebenzayo.

Inkumbulo isebenza kanjani?

Ngaphandle kokuhlola ucwaningo lwesayensi, masikhumbule ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yesikhumbuzo. Ulwazi olungena ebuchosheni bethu ludlula ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

- ngekhanda;

- ukulondolozwa;

- isizinda;

- ukukhohlwa.

Inqubo yokwenza ngekhanda, zonke izitho zengqondo ezilungisa ulwazi olungenayo ziyathinteka: amehlo, phawula umbala nokukhanya kwefonti, iphunga lithola iphunga lomtapo wezincwadi noma i-inkino entsha, izindlebe zizwa ukukhwabanisa kwamakhasi, futhi izandla "zikhumbule" isisindo sencwadi nokuthungwa kwekhava layo. Ngemuva kokuthola lonke ulwazi, ubuchopho budlulisela yonke imininingwane ku-hippocampus ngokusebenzisa izimo zesibindi - indawo ekhethekile ehlangene ye-cortex yocerebral eyenza umsebenzi wokuqapha ikhwalithi yolwazi olugcinwe. Ngokusho kocwaningo, yile ngxenye yobuchopho kangangokuba isikhathi esithile igcina idatha ebalulekile ehlukaniswe nokuguquka kwemizwa ye-nerve, bese ibuye ibuye iqondise ne-cortex ye-hemispheres, lapho igumbi elikhulu likhona khona. Ngakho-ke, i-hippocampus inesibopho esifushane, kanye ne-cortex yobuchopho - imemori yesikhathi eside.

Nokho, njalo ngaphambi kokuba umuntu abe yinkinga enzima yokuthola ulwazi oludingekayo ngesikhathi esifanele "emigwaqweni yangemuva" yenkumbulo yakhe.

Umlando omncane

Ngenkathi yokulandisa mayelana nobuciko bememori kanye namasu namasu asetshenziswa abakwa-mnemonists, omunye ukhumbula njalo inkulumo yokubamba ukuthi konke okusha kudala okukhohliwe. Iningi lokuziqhenya, elisetshenziswe ngempumelelo namuhla, lachazwa njengasekuqaleni kuka-82 BC. E. In a manual short on rhetoric Rhetorica ad Herennium. Izindlela zokwazisa, amasu nokuqeqeshwa kwememori okukhulunywa kuleli fomu kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi kokubili naseNkathini Ephakathi.

Ummeli uPeter Ravenna, owahlala ekhulwini le-XV, wasebenzisa izindlela ezifana nezindlovu zenkumbulo, ngokukhumbula amagama namacaphuno. Futhi isibalo sezigodlo esimweni sakhe asibalwanga ngamashumi, kodwa ezinkulungwaneni, futhi phakathi kwazo imishwana eyinhloko egcinwe ngama-alfabhethi namacaphuno ezihloko ezibalulekile kuye. Wachaza le ndlela encwadini yakhe ethi "Phoenix", eyanyatheliswa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XV.

Ngokuhambisana ne-logic, uhlelo lolimi nolwazi, izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwenkumbulo zaziyisisekelo semfundo yezemvelo yaseYurophu yabantu. Abafundi abazange baphoqeleke kuphela ukukhanda ngekhanda le ndaba, kodwa futhi bachaza ukuthi bangakwenza kanjani lokhu.

Osopolitiki nezamabhizinisi zanamuhla bazi kahle ukuthi bangakha kanjani indlu yenkumbulo futhi basebenzise lo mdlalo ukuze bafeze imigomo yabo.

Ubani umbhali?

Namuhla akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuthi ngubani owadala futhi wasebenzisa inqubo yokukhumbula inombolo enkulu yamagama, izinsuku zomlando, izingcaphuno namaqiniso - imbongi yasendulo yesiGreki uSimesides noma uCicero ongumRoma. Okuyinhloko yendlela abasebenzisa ngayo ukuthi babenolwazi oludingekayo esakhiweni ababazi kahle. Emcabangweni bagcwalisa amakamelo alesi sakhiwo ngemifanekiso, amagama ayisihluthulelo - ngokujwayelekile, bonke labo abafuna ukukukhumbula. Kamuva, nganoma isiphi isikhathi, kwakungenzeka ukukhiqiza isakhiwo ngokwayo emcabangweni, uhambe ngayo futhi ukhumbule konke okudingekayo. Kamuva, le ndlela yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi isigodlo senkumbulo, indlela kaCicero, inqubo yemigwaqo.

Amagumbi amaRoma, noma indlela kaCicero

Ukucatshangelwa ukuthi isikhulumi esingumRoma nesazi sefilosofi uMarcus Tullius Cicero sasihlala isikhathi esingakanani , akufanele kusimangaze ukuthi ubizwa ngeziqu eziningana zokusebenzisa u-mnemonics. Ngokusho kweyodwa inguqulo, ukulungiselela ukubonakala komphakathi, wayehamba emakamelweni amaningi endlini yakhe futhi enezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, izingcaphuno kanye nezinsuku kuzo. Ekhuluma, wagcizelela ngokwengqondo indlela yakhe futhi wanikela ngolwazi oludingekayo. Enye inguqulo ithi ukukhumbula ngekhanda lo mbhali waseRoma wasebenzisa umgwaqo okufanele ahambe ngawo nsuku zonke. Yiqiniso, ukuba umuntu oqaphele futhi oqaphele, uCicero wayazi zonke izici zayo, 'ayebopha' izinto, amaqiniso, njll okudingekayo kuye, njalonjalo.

Umlando wenkolo

Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-Inquisition, inkinga yokukhumbula ngezimvo eziningi zemininingwane ehlukahlukene yayinzima kakhulu ezincekwini zesonto. Izibalo zenkolo ngaleso sikhathi azidingeki nje kuphela ukwazi imiBhalo Engcwele nemithandazo, kodwa futhi ukukhumbula zonke izinhlobo, izinhlobo zokuphinga, izono, ngisho nezibonakaliso zobuthakathi ... Kuyilo sikhathi ukuthi ukuzithemba kuba indawo eyimfihlo yolwazi. Umuntu okwazi ukufundisa abanye ukukhumbula zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaziswa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Akungabazeki ukuthi abapristi bamaKatolika baleyo nkathi bafunde noma bezwa ngaleyo ndlela yokuziqhenya njengombusi wokukhumbula noma indlela kaCicero. Bafika futhi basebenzisa inqubo efanayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-memory memory. Umcabango wadala igumbi ezinezindonga ezine, ngasinye esinezinhlangothi eziningana ezinezihlalo eziningi. Ukugcwalisa "amathiyetha" anjalo, abefundisi babamba ngekhanda lonke ulwazi lwezenkolo abayidingayo. UGiulio Camillo waqhubeka futhi wadala inkundla yemidlalo yangempela, eyakhiwe ngokhuni, eyanikelwa inkosi yaseFrance. Kube khona abantu ababili: uCamillo ngokwakhe kanye nenkosi, lapho umbusi echazwa ukuthi angakhumbula kanjani noma yini, noma yini.

Yini eyenza uMattheo Ricci adume?

UbuKatolika bama-Medieval babedume ngesifiso sawo sokuhola "ukholo" lwawo "lweqiniso" abantu abazibiza ngezinye izinkolo. Omunye wezithunywa zevangeli zamaKatolika e-China ekhulwini le-16 wayengumJesuit Matteo Ricci. Wayeyindoda efundisiwe yesikhathi sakhe: isazi sezibalo kanye nomdwebi wezithombe, umhumushi owakwazi ukuqala ngokokuqala ubuhlobo bezamasiko phakathi komphakathi waseChina neYurophu yamaKristu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emlandweni igama lakhe lagcinwa futhi ngenxa yamakhono amnandi, ngenxa yokuthi waba ngowokuqala, futhi iminyaka eminingi yiYurophu kuphela eyakwazi ukukhuthazelela eChina ukuhlolwa kokuthola ihhovisi eliphakeme lomphakathi.

AmaJesuit mnemonics

Iminyaka eyishumi uRicci, owathiwa nguLi Li-do eChina, akagcinanga kuphela ukufunda izilimi zesiShayina kanye nezifunda eziningana, kodwa futhi ukuba abe ngumuntu ohlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ofundile. Kulokhu akusizi nje kuphela ngemfundo ehlakaniphile, kodwa futhi ne-eneemotechnics yamaJesuit, lapho afundisa khona amaShayina. Inkundla yememori uMatteo Ricci eyakhiwe ngesisekelo semali edingekayo ekukhunjweni. Ezimweni ezinzima kunazo zonke, lesi sakhiwo singaba nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zokuphakama nobukhulu bezakhiwo, ezixhunyiwe komunye nomunye. U-Ricci ukholelwa ukuthi ngokukhumbula okungcono, awukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlu zamakhosi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezikhungo ezihlukahlukene zezenhlalo nezethempelini, i-gazebos yokuhlobisa kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi. Kwakukhona esigodlweni senkumbulo esithi "ohlanganisiwe" ukuthi wanikeza abafundi bakhe baseShayina ukubeka izithombe nemicabango edingekayo ukuze bakwazi ukukhumbula ngekhanda. AmaShayina asebenzisa indlela ehlongozwa nguye, kodwa awadluli enkolweni yamaKatolika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaBuddha anamuhla adumisa uMatteo Ricci njengonkulunkulu wezandla kubo bonke abalindi - uLi Ma-do.

Iyini isisekelo salendlela?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi le nqubo yomsindo - inqubo yokusekela izithombe noma izindawo, indlela yamatrices noma izindawo zeJomethri, isigodlo senkumbulo noma amahholo omqondo, isisekelo sokusebenza kwayo ngaso sonke isikhathi siyafana. Umuntu udala emcabangweni wakhe umfanekiso wesimo esivamile nesivamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi igumbi elisendlini yomfundi noma eHholo likaN Knight likaHermitage, ihhovisi elisebenzayo noma i-DooM noma i-Heroes ye-Power and Magic. Ulwazi lwangempela oludinga ukukhunjulwa luphenduka imifanekiso ehlanganisayo ehlanganisayo, efakwe kumuntu ovuselelwe emcabangweni, isikhala esaziwayo nesokomzwelo esikhangayo. Uma udinga ukukhumbula iqiniso elithile, khumbula ukuthi ulibekaphi, uphinde ubuyele emzimbeni wesikhumbuzo, ekamelweni lakho noma ezingeni lemidlalo yekhompyutha.

Izindlela zengqondo

Izindlela ezinjalo zokuzibamba njengenkundla yememori noma indlela ye-locus zisebenzisa ukuguqulwa kolwazi ngekhanda kanye namaqiniso emifanekisweni ebonakalayo ebonakalayo efakwe futhi ixhunywe ngamaphoyinti athile esikhala esivamile nesaziwayo ngokomzwelo. Ngenxa yalokho kusetshenzwa kwengqondo, ubuchopho budala ukuxhumana okusha kwe-neural kanye nezinhlangano phakathi kolwazi okumele lukhunjulwe bese luphinde lwaphindwa, nesithombe sendawo eyodwa noma enye. Ngenxa yalokhu, njengomphumela wokuboniswa okucabangelayo nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana okuhlangene , inkumbulo yabantu iyaqhubeka.

Ungakha kanjani isigodlo senkumbulo?

Uma udinga ukukhumbula futhi ulondoloze, futhi ube nokufinyelela okusheshayo kokungcebeleka nolwazi olunamandla, ungakha "amahholo akho". Ekuqaleni, ukuqonda kuphela le nqubo, kungcono ukuzibophezela ekamelweni elincane futhi elijwayele kakhulu, isibonelo, ikamelo lakho. Ngakho-ke, yini okumele yenziwe ukuze 'ivuselele' indlu yakho yememori? Le nqubo ilula, nanka izinyathelo eziyisisekelo:

1. Khetha inkundla yakho yememori. Ekuqaleni, ukuze udibanise izinkumbulo, kunokwanele kwideski kanye nebhukwana. Uma kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa yonke ifenisha nesikhala. Esikhundleni sekamelo, ungakwazi "ukwakha" amaqiniso endleleni yakho eya emakilasini noma emsebenzini. Inkundla yememori noma indlela ye-locus isebenza kangcono, ikuvumela ukuba ubeke ulwazi olwengeziwe ngekhanda lapho isikhala esingacabangekile sisebenza futhi sinezincazelo eziningi.

2. Ukubeka umzila. Njengoba udale isigodlo sakho "sengqondo", kubalulekile ukucabanga ngezindlela zokuhamba kwakho kuso. Uma udinga ukukhumbula ulwazi ngokuhleleka okucacisiwe, umzila wokuhamba kufanele ube ocacile futhi mhlawumbe ulula. Indlela elula yokusebenzisa umcabango yindlela efanayo ekhona empeleni. Isibonelo, ukungena ekamelweni kuqala ubona i-TV, bese kuba isilafa, futhi kuphela-indawo yokusebenzela.

3. Khetha isitoreji. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba usebenzisa indlela (imemori / isigodlo somqondo) kufanele ubeke zonke izinombolo ezidingekayo, amaqiniso kanye namagama kulezi zindawo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi into eyodwa ingabekelwa omunye umcabango, kungenjalo ukudideka kungenzeka, futhi indlela ngeke ibe usizo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinto zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke kuyoba lula ukukhumbula.

4. Khumbula: inkumbulo yememori kuyindlela esebenza ngokuphumelelayo kuphela uma wazi isihlalo owadala njengeminwe yakho emihlanu futhi ukhumbule yonke imininingwane ngenhliziyo. Labo abasebenzisa le ndlela, kunconywa ukudweba umdwebo wesitolo sengqondo bese ubonisa kuyo izindawo lapho ulwazi lugcinwa khona. Ngokuqinisekisa isithombe sangempela nesifunda osikhiphe, ungabheka ukuthi usibophe eduze kangakanani nento.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani?

Kodwa lapha zonke izigaba zokulungiselela ziphelile, futhi ekugcineni, isigodlo sakho senkumbulo silungele ukukhanda ngekhanda. Indlela yokuyigcwalisa ilula: udinga ukugcwalisa inani elincane lemininingwane yesifundo ngasinye. Izici eziningi - ngcono. Nika iphunga, umbala, ukuthungwa nokuthungwa kwezinto ngayinye, unikeze umbala womzwelo. Uma kufanele ngekhanda inani elikhulu lolwazi oluhambelanayo, wabeka izinto ezihlangene ngokulandelana, uzixhuma ndawonye. Okuyinkimbinkimbi nangokwengeziwe, izihluthulelo nemifanekiso oyisebenzisayo kuyoba ngcono. Isibonelo, i-Polar Bear ku-Valenka usayizi 6 Maximum izokusiza ukuthi ukhumbule kalula umkhiqizo nomodeli we-supercar entsha kusukela ekukhathazeni okudumile.

Esikhundleni sokuphetha

Akudingekile ukuba nethemba lokuthi izindlu zamakhosi ezinkumbulo ziyindlela elula futhi esheshayo yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa noma ukusebenza komphakathi. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyindlela engabizi, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ngempela ukuthuthukisa imemori. Lokhu kuphela ukubhekana njalo, njalo uqeqesha ukucabanga kwakho kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zememori. Ungaqala amancane - kusuka endaweni yakho yokusebenzela noma ekamelweni. Into esemqoka ukuthi imemori ngayinye "ibeke" endaweni yayo, ngoba kuyobe kulula ukuthola. Abadala bathi ukuhamba kuzokwazi ukuhamba kahle, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi yisikhathi sokuhamba?