I-Order yeSt. Stanislaus (isithombe)

I-Order yeSt. Stanislaus ngumklomelo wombuso wezwe lethu. Ngaphambilini lokhu kwahlukaniswa kwakhishwa ngabamakhosi namakhosi abusa umbuso. I-Order yeSt. Svyatoslav - i-junior iqhathaniswa nezinye iziklomelo zombuso. Yayitholile ikakhulukazi izikhulu.

Lapho umvuzo usungulwe

I-Order yeSt. Stanislaus yasungulwa ngoMeyi 7, 1765 yiNkosi yasePoland uStanlaw August Poniatowski. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenkumbulo yomphathi wezwe, ogama lakhe futhi wathola umklomelo wombuso. Ngemva kokufika ePoland kuya eRussia, lo mklomelo wanikezwa u-Alexander I.

Ubani obanikeze le oda

Banikezwa wona yizikhonzi zoMbuso wasePoland neRussia. Lesi sahluko sanikezwa izikhulu, ezempi, ososayensi - bonke abazihlukanisa nabo enkonzweni yezwe elihle. Wamnikezela ngenkonzo yomphakathi omuhle kakhulu, umsebenzi wezinsizakalo kanye nokudla kwezempi. Umklomelo uxhomeke ekutholeni kwezesayensi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kanye nokudalwa kwemikhiqizo emikhulu. Ngokuvamile, i-oda linikeziwe ngemisebenzi yokudala, ebonakala njengenzuzo ejwayelekile.

Lokhu kwahlukaniswa kwakuwumklomelo omkhulu. Noma yibaphi abasebenzi base-state abakhonza isikhathi sabo noma abanamabanga amancane bangawafaka isicelo. Umklomelo weSt. Stanislaus wawungumncane kunabo bonke phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa lo mnumzane, owawuthola i-Order yeSt. Stanislaus wezinga lesi-3, wathola isimo somphathi wefa.

Phakathi kwezicukuthwane, ukuvuthwa okunganeliseki ukuthi abathengisi abancane nabasebenzi be-blink of iso baba yi-caste ephakeme. Futhi umbusi wanquma ukuthi kulula kakhulu indlela yokuthola isihloko esinjalo. Ngakho-ke, isimo se-oda sashintshwa. Kusukela ngomhlaka-24 kuMeyi, 1855, insignia yezinga lesibili nelesithathu alizange libe negalelo ekuthengeni isihloko esihloniphekile.

Ubani nokuthi kunikezwe kanjani?

I-oda le-degree yesithathu yanikezwa ku-Cavalier Duma, eyasungulwa kumklomelo. Kwakuhlanganisa izinduna eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, osihlalo wakhe owayenehlukaniso lokuqala. I-Duma ihlangana enhloko-dolobha, ngonyaka ngo-Ephreli. Izitifiketi zokunikeza i-degree lokuqala zasayinwa yi-emperor ngokwayo. Futhi umklomelo we-II no-III st. Yenziwe ngamalungu eSahluko soMyalelo.

Umlando we-oda

I-Manifesto ye-Order yeSt. Stanislaus yanyatheliswa ngu-Alexander the First ngo-December 1815. Ngokwalo mbhalo, ama-4 degrees omklomelo awethulwa. I-manifesto elandelayo ku-Oda yakhishwa ngo-September 2, 1829. Ngokusho kwakhe, umklomelo ugcine zonke iziqu zayo ezine. Le dokhumenti iphinde ibeke umthamo, okwakukhokhwa ngawo umyalelo, futhi kubanikazi bawo - amalungelo namalungelo.

Emiklomelo yaseRussia, le nsizwa yanezelwa ngolweshumi nesikhombisa kaNovemba 1831. Futhi ngomhlaka-24 kuMeyi, 1839, lo myalelo wathola isimo esisha. U-Nikolay Okokuqala waqeda izinga lesine lomklomelo. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngomyalo ka-emperor, isithombe seSanta Svyatoslav sashintshwa ngogogo lwakhe negama.

Kuze kube ngu-1917 umyalo ugcine isimo sawo ngoshintsho oluncane. Amalungu weNdlu yaseRussia yase-Imperial aba yizikhulu ezithintekayo ze-degree yokuqala.

Ngo-1917, emva kokuvukela umbuso, i-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus eRussia Soviet yayingabuyiselwa. IPoland ayizange ingenise ekuhlotsheni kwayo, futhi yamemezela ukuzimela kwayo ngo-1918. Uhulumeni wanquma ukusungula umyalelo omusha. Kuye, kuthathwe futhi isici esivela kumklomelo weSt St Stanislaus -.

Incazelo

I-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus isiphambano, sinemiphetho engu-4 ehlukene. Amazinga okuqala neyesibini ahluke ngobukhulu bomvuzo. Ngaphambi kwe-oda leminyaka eyi-1 neyesibili. Ifakwe inkanyezi ye-octagonal. Kodwa emva kuka-1939, kwaqedwa kwababantu baseRussia abathola i-First Degree of Distinction. Inkanyezi yekhulu lama-II. Abangaphandle kuphela abanikezwa.

Kusukela ngo-1844, izakhamuzi ezazingewona amaKristu, i-monogram yaseSt. Stanislaus, ephakathi nendawo ye-Order, ithathwe esikhundleni se-ukhozi omnyama enezinhloko ezimbili - uphawu lweMbuso waseRussia. Kusukela ngo-1855, kuya kumamaki okuhlukaniswa komklomelo oyinhloko, ukuwela izinkemba kwenezelwe, kudlula phakathi kwendawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, isithunzi somklomelo seyanda.

Uma i-oda yesibili ngezinga eliphakeme lingakhanjelwe ukufaneleka kwezempi, izinkemba zafakwa phezulu kwenkanyezi nesiphambano. Ngo-1870, okwesithathu kaDisemba, lokhu kwakhiwa kwa-Alexander II, nangomhla ka-17 kuFebruwari, 1874, iNkantolo Yomhlaba yaqedwa njengento eyathuthukisa isithunzi somklomelo.

Ngo-1917, ushintsho lwenziwa nguhulumeni wesikhashana. Izinkozi ezinamahlombe amabili ziwile amaphiko futhi azigcotshwe umqhele. Futhi usuku lwango-Ephreli lwamashumi amabili nanhlanu lwaziwa njengeholide yonyaka yomklomelo. Ngo-1957, i-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus yezinga lesi-3 ngezinkemba nomnsalo, okwakwenziwa nge- ribbon of orders, yanikezelwa inkonzo yempi .

Imitheshwana yemithetho

I-oda yesilinganiso sokuqala ngesimo sesiphambano sigqoke ibhande le-11 cm, liphonswe phezu kwehlombe langakwesokudla. Inkanyezi kumele ibe sesifuba sesokunxele. I-Order II degree ngendlela yesiphambano igqoke ibhande le-4.5-cm, entanyeni. Futhi inqwaba yekhulu le-III. - ngesimo esiphambanweni esikhwameni, ku-2.6-sentimeter tape. Izimpawu zezinga eliphansi lemiklomelo ayigqoke uma izinga eliphezulu le-oda likhononda.

I-Order ye-Art yokuqala.

I-Order yeSt Stanislaus 1 i-degree yenziwe ngesimo somnqamlezo, onomphetho ohlukanisiwe amane, ohlotshiswe ngamabhola egolide. Umklomelo wawuhlanganiswe ne-koqweqwe olubomvu elinomngcele wesigodi segolide nxazonke. Ukuhlukaniswa kuphelile esiphambanweni kuxhuma imicikilisho eyigugu njengama-shells. Ezingxenyeni zesiphambano kwakukhona ama-eagles aseRashiya aphethwe kabili ayenziwe ngegolide, futhi maphakathi - i-medallion emhlophe (okufanayo kwakusehlangothini oluphambene nomklomelo). Kwakhiwe uhlaka lwegolide. Phakathi nendawo ye-medallion kwakukhona umongameli weSt. Stanislaus. Isiphambano sasinamathele emaphethelweni e-ribbon ye-order ne-stripes emibili emhlophe.

I-oda lobuciko bokubili.

I-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus ye-2 deg degree yayine-cross efanayo (kodwa encane), eyayingumklomelo we-st. Waba uphawu lokuhlukanisa entanyeni. Inkanyezi, eyasebenza njengesengezo kumklomelo, ikhishwe kuphela kubafokazi. Kulezi zikhonzi zaseRussia, isiphambano kuphela esithembele - sinomqhele wamakhosi ngaphandle kwaso.

I-oda lekhulu leminyaka lesithathu.

I-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus yesigaba sesi-3 yabulawa ngesimo se-cross golden. Ukuklama kwayo kwakufana ne-I ne-II degrees. Kodwa isiphambano sasincane kakhulu ngobukhulu. Yagqoke i-ribbon noma isifuba ebhokisini.

Inkanyezi yezinga eli-1

Inkanyezi ye-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus yayihlale isenziwe ngesiliva. Wayeneminyaka engu-8 ephela. Phakathi nenkanyezi kwakungumdanso omhlophe ngesibonakaliso sikaSt. Stanislaus, e-hoop yegolide. Uhlangothi lwangaphandle lwendwangu lube nesiqubulo-sokubhaliswa. Yayenziwe ngezinhlamvu zegolide emlandweni omhlophe. Futhi ehlukaniswe imbali yegolide. Inkanyezi yezinga eli-1 laliyindandatho eluhlaza. Kwakuhlelwe umgqomo wegolide. Isizinda esiluhlaza sasinezinhlamvu ezine eziyigugu zama-laurel. Ngamunye wayexhunywe enkabeni ngembali yegolide. Inkanyezi ye-degree e-1 yayigqoke ngakwesobunxele bomfaniswano.

Ama-Knights of the Order

I-Order yaseSt. Stanislav, i-degree lokuqala, yanikezwa i-Academician Krylov Alexei Nikolayevich iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza. Enye yezinto zakhe eziyingqayizivele i-Novik yombhubhisi. I-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus yesigaba sesi-3, isithombe esisekulesi sihloko, sanikezwa kuLeonid Nikolaevich Gobyato. Wayengumfundi wezemfundo, umqambi wezikhali kanye nomlwi onamandla. Wabamba iqhaza ekwakheni isikhali se-melee - udoti.

Umlobi omkhulu uKhekhov wanikezwa i-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus yezinga lesithathu lemisebenzi yomphakathi nokulondoloza. Wakha izikole zasemakhaya, wahlela izidumbu zemithi yezifo zesifo sofuba nokunye okuningi. UZoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich wanikezwa i-Order yaseStan Stanislaus degree yesibili ngeminsalo nezinkemba zesibindi nesibindi esiboniswe empini, umyalo ohlakaniphile wenkampani.

I-Order yaseSt. Stanislaus ye-3rd degree yamukelwa ngu- Academician Pavlov Ivan Petrovich. Lo mklomelo wukuthi umbukiso wokuqala wombuso. Futhi akuwona wonke ama-knights angenhla e-Order of St. Stanislaus. Uhlu lwabantu abalutholile lukhulu kakhulu. I-oda lezinga lokuqala latholwa ngabantu abangaba ngu-20 000, II Art. - cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-92, ikhulu le-III. - abantu abangaphezu kuka-752 000. Futhi phakathi nempi namaJapane, uSt. Stanislaus wathola abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-37475.

Amalungelo we-oda

Bonke labo abathola i-Order yeSt. Stanislaus banamalungelo nezinzuzo eziningana. Abaqaphi balapha bahlukana banelungelo lokukhokha intela ekhethekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uMgcinimafa ngonyaka unikezelwe kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-66. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwabanikezwa yi-Knights of the Order, ababengama-grade ayisishiyagalolunye, futhi uma bengabanikazi abangaphansi kwekhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka kwaze kwaba yilapho u-Alexander II engaqedi ngokusemthethweni isisetshenziswa ezweni.

Amaphuzu anjalo athola amalungelo engeziwe. Isibonelo, bangathumela amadodakazi phakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 neshumi nane esikhungweni. Labo, futhi, bezihlukanisa nezifundo zabo futhi baphumelela esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, bathola izinkokhelo eziphakeme eSahlukweni kunabanye abagibeli. Futhi i-treasury ye-Kavalerka Duma yagcwaliswa ngokubambisana nabanikazi abasanda kukhishwa imiyalo, okwakuzokwenziwa ngemali yesikhathi esisodwa. Imali eqoqiwe yayisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezihlukahlukene zokusiza.