I-N.A. Dobrolyubov. "Yini i-Oblomovism?"

Igama le-Dobroliubov livelaphi? Khumbula ukuthi emsebenzini webumbi lomhlaba omkhulu u-Ilya Ilyich Oblomov wabiza isizathu sokuzibulala kwakhe ngokushelela futhi ngekhono: "U-Oblomovism".

U-Nikolai Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov wabonisa wonke umphakathi ukuthi umuntu ogula kanjani, umfundi wezolo, umlobi ongabhali phansi amanoveli, angaba yi-classic. Isihloko sakhe saqaphela ngokushesha. Okusho incazelo yombhalo ka-Oblomov. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokucophelela futhi ngokucacile, kumongo wendlela uDobrolyubov ngokwakhe azi ngayo ukuthi yi-Oblomovism. Okuqukethwe okufushane kwalomsebenzi odumile esinikeza ukunakwa kwakho.

Izikhulu ezihloniphekile kanye nama-boyars - "Oblomovtsy"?

Ungubani umgxeki ozobhala ngokubhala? Iqiniso lokuthi uGoncharova wakwazi ukuhlola umlingisi waseRussia ngempela futhi awuthole ngokungenangqondo futhi ngokuthembekile. Ngempela, kwakungaleso sikhathi. Ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ezihloniphekile kanye nokuhlonipha, ngokuqaphela ukuthi akwenzanga lutho emphakathini, ehlala, ethandaza ngengcebo yabo, kuphela ngenxa yenjabulo yabo. Ukuba khona kokugubha 'kokuphila kwesisu' kwalesi sigaba somphakathi kubonakalisa bonke umphakathi waseRussia. Umlobi wenza isigwebo esibucayi sezomlando kubantu abahloniphekile kanye nobuhle eRussia: isikhathi sabo sidlulile ngokungenakuqhathaniswa! Isihloko sikaDobrolyubov esithi "Iyini i-Oblomovism?" Iphikisana ngokusobala ukuphikisana nomphakathi we "Oblomovs": ukudelela umsebenzi, umqondo wabathengi ngabesifazane, amagama angenamkhawulo.

Ngendlela, kuyinto efanayo nemikhiqizo yethu yakamuva ye-classics, isibonelo uVictor Pelevin: ukuhleka nokukhuluma, okubizwa ngegama elihlukile kuphela. Phela, i-neo-barbarism yanamuhla ne-neo-nobility yazala abantu abasha-izidumbu.

Yonke iRussia - Oblomovka

Igama lomzana - U-Oblomovka - umgxekayo uwonke jikelele. Ngendlela yakhe, kumongo weveli yeGoncharovsky, uNikola Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov ubona ukuthi yi-Oblomovism. Okuqukethwe okufushane kwendaba yakhe kunika umbono ocacile waseRussia njengenqwaba yezigidi nezinkulungwane zezindawo zase-Oblomov. Yiqiniso, hhayi ngomqondo wangempela, kodwa ngokomfanekiso. Imithombo emikhulu yilabo abanikazi bendawo abahlonishwayo abavame ukuba abantu-izidakamizwa, ezithandweni zabo - abaqashi, abazonda kakhulu abantu bakubo, abangazami ukwenza noma yini eyakhayo emphakathini. Ngenxa yalokho, umphakathi ulahlekelwa umxhwele, uba ngumuntu ongenawo wonke umuntu, ungene enkingeni.

Inkinga yendoda entsha

Sidinga ukuqala kabusha, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abasha bavele emandleni nasembonini. Ngakho-ke uGoncharov wadala umfanekiso we-Andrew Stolz osebenzayo nokudala. "Kodwa-ke, ayitholakali ngesikhathi samanje!" - esho esihlokweni sakhe uDobrolyubov "Iyini i-Oblomovism?" Isishwankathelo, noma, ngokunembile, ukuvezwa kwemicabango yakhe eyalandela kungenakwenzeka "iStolz" ukuba "ingqondo nenhliziyo" yaseRussia. Ukungamukeleki kubantu abenza umsebenzi obalulekile kangaka kubonakala sengathi "ukukhothamela ikhanda" kuzimo lapho kubonakala sengathi lezi zimo zinamandla. "Intuthuko yezenhlalakahle idinga ukushintsha okungaphezulu kukaStolz!" Ukholelwa uDobrolyubov.

Yini i-Oblomovism? Okuqukethwe okufishane kwalesi sihloko, okuqala ukuphakamisa le nkinga, kubonisa ukuthi kuleveli yombhalo uGoncharov iqukethe futhi imilayezo yalo mphakathi wesifo. Isithombe sika-Olga Ilyina, owesifazane ovula yonke into entsha, engesabi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi izingcingo, engafisi ukufeza izifiso zakhe, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuguqula ngenjabulo iqiniso elizungezile. "Akunjalo iStolz, kodwa u-Olga Ilyin angabizwa ngokuthi" i-hero yesikhathi sethu! "- ukholelwa uDobrolyubov.

Iziphetho

Kungakanani umuntu angayenza ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-25? Esikhathini sikaNikolai Alexandrovich, sibona ukuthi akakwazi kakhulu - aziqaphele futhi akhombe abanye "ukukhanya" phakathi "nobusuku obumnyama", ukuveza umcabango wakhe ngokugcwele, ngokukhululekile nangokuzikhandla. Esigumbini esilandelayo, ngombono wezincwadi ezifa ngenxa yokugula okubulalayo, igumbi lalingenacala. UChersheshevsky, owaqhubeka nomqondo womngane wakhe "ehamba emoyeni", ephethe "imbambo", ebuza umbuzo omkhulu kubantu bakubo: "Ngingenzeni?"

Akukhona kuphela ukuthi uDobrolyubov waphendula, "Uyini u-Oblomovism?". Ngamafuphi, ngendlela eyiyo futhi enobuciko, wagcizelela ithonya elilimazayo lezisekelo ze-serfdom, isidingo sokuqhubeka komphakathi. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe ukuhlolwa kombhali wakhe kaveli ka-Ivan Goncharov ka-Oblomov kwaba bobabili abadumile nabadala.