I-elite yimuphi? Ngabe luhlobo luni lwabadala abangaba khona?

Igama elithi "elite" livela egameni lesiLatini elithi eligo, elisho ukuthi "ukhethwa", "okuhle", "khetha". Ezesayensi yezombangazwe, ezenzweni zezenhlalo kanye nezinye izayensi zenhlalo, i-elite yiqembu elithile labantu abaphethe isikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini. Uma kuziwa ezombusazwe, laba bantu banamandla ezombangazwe futhi banamathuba amakhulu kuhulumeni. Uma sikhuluma ngokuphila okungokomoya komphakathi, khona-ke lapha abantu abakhulu emphakathini yi-intelligentsia, iqembu labantu elibunjwa ukunambitheka, ukuziphatha , njll.

Izindlela ze-altimetric ne-axiological ekuchazeni igama elithi "elite"

Ososayensi bahlukanisa izindlela ezimbili zokwelapha lo mqondo, okungukuthi, i-altimetric kanye ne-axiological. Ngokusho kokuqala, abalingani bangabanye abantu abanethonya langempela namandla angempela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinga lokuqonda kwabo kanye nezimfanelo zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha. Okwesibili, indlela ye-axiological, ebizwa ngokuthi i-value noma i-meritocratic, isekelwe enkulumweni yokuqala yegama elithi "elite". Le ncazelo isekelwe ezimfanelweni eziqondene nabantu abakuleli qembu. Kufanele abe "okungcono kakhulu", avele emphakathini ngenxa yezimfanelo zawo, abe nobumnene, uqaphele, unethalente ngaphezulu kunezinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zici zihlolwa uma ziqhathaniswa nezinkomba ezijwayelekile zamanye amalungu omphakathi. Ngeshwa, ezinsukwini zethu indlela yokwenza ngcono ikhona - ngesimiso esithi "kukhona amandla - asikho isidingo".

Imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-elite emphakathini

1. Ukuphathwa komphakathi.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkolelo nezindlela zokuziphatha emphakathini.

3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo eziguquguqukayo.

Izinhlobo zama-elite

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-elites kungahle kwenzeke kuye ngezinqubo ezithile.

1. Ngokuya emkhakheni womsebenzi, i-elite yenzeka:

• Ezombusazwe;
• Economic;
• IMpi;
• Isayensi nobuchwepheshe;
• Amasiko noma angokomoya.

Muva nje, uhlobo olusha lomphakathi luye lwavela emphakathini - ibhizinisi elite elithile elomnotho, kodwa namanje lifanelwe ukuba libhekwe njengeqembu elihlukile.

2. Abakwa-Elites bahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nobuhlobo babo emandleni. Ngokwale nqubo, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezilandelayo zihlukile:

• Isikhulu esilawulayo siyiqembu labantu abaphezu kwamandla;
• Ukungaboni-okubhaliwe - abalingani abakhulu.

3. Ngokwezinga lezinqumo ezenziwe, i-elite ihlukaniswe ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Ephakeme kakhulu (lonke);
• Isilinganiso (sesifunda);
• Indawo.

4. Ngokuya ngalokho okuthandwa yi-elite, kuyakwenzeka:

• Uchwepheshe;
• Ukubalwa kwabantu;
• Ubuhlanga;
• Inkolo.

5. Futhi ngokuhambisana nemiphumela yemisebenzi yayo, kungaba:

• Isinqumo;
• Shadow;
• I-pseudoelite;
• Anti-emulsion.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-elites zingabumbana, zidale ezintsha. Isibonelo, kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwe-oligarchic yezombangazwe nezomnotho.

Ama-Elites ahlukaniswe futhi abe asemthethweni futhi angahlelekile. Ithonya namandla ohlobo lokuqala lusekelwe ezikhundleni zalo eziholayo ezinkambisweni eziphezulu. I-elite elingaqondakali liqembu lokuthi, nakuba linethonya elithile emphakathini, alinalo ubudlelwane neziphathimandla. Ukucaca, ake sinikeze isibonelo sokubukeka okungakahleleki. Kukhona abaholi (abalobi, izintatheli, abaculi, njll), nakuba bengenawo amandla asemthethweni, kodwa umbono wabo, isibonelo sabo, banethonya elinamandla ngokuziphatha kwabantu.

Abalingani bezenhlalakahle

Amazinga aphezulu emphakathini ohlelweni lokubusa komphakathi , onamandla negunya kwamanye amaqembu, ngokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi igama elithi "social elite". Lesi sigaba ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi saba yinto yokucwaninga kwezenhlalo, ngaleyo njongo imibono ehlukahlukene yadalwa. Ngokwejwayelekile kunazo zonke, i-elite yezenhlalakahle yilabo abancane abanamandla angenakuphikwa futhi abanamandla okuthatha izinqumo.

Ezinye izinkolelo zibona kubalingani babantu abenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini. Iqembu lesithathu lezenhlalakahle liyiqembu labantu abaye bakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu emisebenzini yabo, enokuziphatha (kubandakanya ngokuphathelene nomthwalo wemfanelo) kanye nokuphakama kwengqondo ngaphezu kobukhulu bonke. Kunoma yikuphi, i-elite iyinhloko yepiramidi yezenhlalakahle, ebuye ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene. Isibonelo, amaqembu ezombangazwe, amazwe, amasiko namanye amaqembu ahlukaniswa.

I-elite yezombangazwe

Iqembu lezombangazwe - iqembu elikhethekile labantu abagxile ezandleni zabo izakhiwo zamandla aphezulu. Ezweni lanamuhla, cishe zonke izifunda, abalingiswa bezombusazwe banethonya elikhulu kunazo zonke . Naphezu kokuthi emazweni amaningi kukhona uhlelo lwezinkampani eziningi, kwamanye amazwe uhlelo olulodwa lwe-party lukhona. Noma izikhundla eziphambili zenye yezinhlangothi zikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba izikhulu ezibusayo nezombusazwe zihlanganisa iqembu elifanayo labantu. Kunoma yikuphi, izikhulu zezombangazwe emphakathini liyiqembu labantu abanelungelo elihle eliphethe isikhundla esiphezulu emisebenzini yamandla, thatha iqhaza ngqo ekusunguleni izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho kudingeka khona amandla. Amalungu ayo ngabantu abanomthelela omkhulu wamandla nolwazi, ukuthuthukisa amasu abo futhi bahlanganyela emisebenzini yokulawula. Bona, njengombuso, abahleleli abahle kakhulu.

I-elite kazwelonke

Esikhathini sezakhiwo zonke izizwe kukhona iqembu le-intelligentsia, elinethonya elikhuthele kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwalesi sigaba - isizwe esizwe. Leli qembu elidalwe njengomphumela wokukhethwa nokukhuthazwa kwababameli abanesipiliyoni nabaqeqeshiwe abavela kubantu bonke ukuze bahlanganyele ekulawulweni kwazo zonke izinqubo zenhlalo. Kodwa-ke, njengamanye amacala, amalungu e-national elite afuna ukucebisa ngemali yabantu bakubo. Lokhu kuholela ekunganeliseki nasekubhujisweni kobuqotho besizwe.

I-Cite elite

Leli gama linencazelo ephindwe kabili. Ngomqondo omncane, abalingiswa bamasiko bangamancane amasiko nabafundi. Futhi ebanzi - iqembu labantu abanezinga eliphakeme lamakhono amasiko futhi bahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kolwazi oluhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isayensi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamagugu angokomoya - imisebenzi yobuciko, njll Ngeshwa, emphakathini waseRashiya esakhiweni sabo bonke abakhethiweyo Imasiko imi endaweni yokugcina, ngemuva kwezombangazwe, ezomnotho, ezempi, ezomhlaba kanye nezinye. Kodwa-ke, kuhle, yiqembu elingokomoya (lamasiko) okufanele lithathwe isikhundla esiphambili. Ngempela, empeleni, abalingiswa bamasiko ekuqukethwe kwawo ngaphezu kwamanye kufana ne-etymology yegama elithi "okungcono kakhulu".

Ezinye izincazelo zegama elithi "elite"

Ngaphandle kokusho okuyinhloko kwegama elithi "elite", leli gama libuye lisho izihloko ezingezona ezenhlalakahle nezinto ezinezimfanelo ezikhethekile (okukhethekile). Isibonelo, emphakathini bathi "amabutho ama-elite". Kulesi simo, ama-elite - ama-best units, aphethwe ukuvikela izwe kusuka ezinganeni ezingaba khona. Noma leli gama libizwa ngokuthi elihle kunazo zonke, izindlu ezibiza kakhulu, njalonjalo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqhubeka kulokhu okushiwo ngaphambili, kungaphetha ngokuthi i-elite liqembu elikhethekile kakhulu, elihlukile kwabanye. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi yikhwalithi, indlela ekhethekile yokuphila, ukuziphatha nokuthanda.