I-arthritis enamandla: izimpawu, izimbangela, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelapha

I-arthritis ephuthumayo yukuvuvukala kwazo zonke izakhiwo ezihlangene ezibangelwa amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic. Ngokusemthethweni, "amacala okugubha" yi-strepto- ne-staphylococci, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ahlangene ne-flora anaerobic. I-agent ye-causative ingangena ngokubambisana ngesilonda, inqwaba yezinaliti, nokugeleza kwegazi ne-lymph.

Incazelo

I-arthritis ephuthumayo inqubo enomkhawulo yokuvuvukala ye-etiology e-microbial eqala emgodleni ohlangene. Uma ukwelashwa okungazelelwe noma okungajwayelekile kungabangela imiphumela enzima yesikhathi eside, njenge-arthrosis nezinkontileka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabalala kokutheleleka okungaphezu kwemingcele yehlangene kungasongela ukubonakala kwe-phlegmon ne-abscesses. Ezimweni eziphambili, i-sepsis ne-osteomyelitis kungenzeka.

Njengomthetho, odokotela abahlinzayo noma abadokotela bezinambuzane babhekane nalesi sifo. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvula umgudu ohlangene futhi unikeze ukuphuma kwe-fluid egciniwe, futhi nokuhlinzekela ukwelapha okwanele kwama-antibiotic.

I-Etiology

I-arthritis enamandla ingathuthuka ngokuphelele kunoma yikuphi ukujoyina, kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi amahlombe, amadolo, amaqebelengwane nezinyosi ziyathinteka, ngoba zithandwa kakhulu ekuhluphekeni futhi zithola imithwalo enkulu. Izici zesakhiwo se-capsule zinikeza isikhathi eside eside se-pus ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, uketshezi olusulelekile lufaka zonke izicubu ezihlangene, kuhlanganise ne-cartilage namathambo. Lokhu esikhathini esizayo kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.

Ukunikezwa kwegazi okuhle kanye nomsele wamanzi i-lymphatic kwandisa ekusakazeni kokuvuvukala ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo esongela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-sepsis ne-purulent osteomyelitis. Izifo zalesi sifo ezimweni eziningi ziyi-streptococci ne-staphylococci, i-gonococcus engavamile kakhulu, i-E. coli, i-salmonella, i-Klebsiella ne-proteus.

Phakathi kwezici ezingozini zingabonakala ukungcola okuqinile kwamagundane angamajoyina, ukutholakala emlandweni wezinhlaka ezivulekile, ukunciphisa ukuzivikela kwendawo kanye nokujwayelekile kanye nokunciphisa umzimba wonke.

Izinhlobo

I-arthritis ene-purulent ingaba nezinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngokuthi yini eyabangela ukusabela okuvuvukalayo:

1. Okungahambi kabi.
2. Okudabukisayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-arthritis ihlukaniswa yisikhathi sokubukeka:

1. I-arthritis eyinhloko, lapho inqubo yokutheleleka iqala ngqo emgodleni ohlangene. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wokuphuka, ukuhlukaniswa, ukulimala noma ukulimala.
2. I-arthritis yesibili. Kungenzeka uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kuye kwangena ekuhlanganyeleni kusuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

I-arthritis ene-purulent ye-joint joint

I-Omatrite kwenzeka uma kwenzeka ukulimala okungenayo noma ukutheleleka ngezindlela ezinamafutha noma i-lymphogenous. Isibonakaliso sokuqala saleso sifo ubuhlungu buhambayo, uthinta futhi ugijimela ekuhlanganyeleni.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwe-arthritis ye-purulent brachial iyabonakala emehlweni, njengoba i-liquid iqoqa esikhwameni se-articular futhi iyayiqeda. Ngaphansi kweminwe, udokotela uzizwa ehlaselwa. Uma i-liquid ithola okuningi, ingancibilikisa i-capsule futhi igxumeke kumacala e-muscle, ngaphansi kwe-fascia. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-phlegmon yehlombe nentamo.

Ukuhlelwa kwesimo somuntu ohlukunyeziwe kungakhipha ukutholakala kwempilo. Uvikela umlenze, cishe awulisebenzisi, ihlombe liyancipha, futhi ingalo ngokwayo iyaphambukiswa futhi igobile ku-elbow.

I-arthritis yamalunga omlenze ophansi

I- arthritis ephuthumayo yamadolo ehlangene iqala emva kokutheleleka kwezicubu nama-pathogenic bacteria. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili azo zonke izifo zokutheleleka kwenzeka ngephutha le-staphylococcus, i-meningococcus noma i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lesi sifo siqala kahle, ngokukhuphuka kokushisa nokudakwa ngokweqile. Amadolo avuvuka, zonke izinto zokuphefumula nezitho zomzimba zihlanjululwa, ngezinye izikhathi i-fistula e-purulent yenziwa ezindaweni zokuqothula izicubu.

I- arthritis ephuthumayo ye-ankle, njengombuso, iqala ngokumelene nesifo sezifo ezivuvukalayo, ezifana ne-lupus, gout noma isifo sikaBekhterev. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lendawo nendawo jikelele, ukuvuvukala kokuhlanganiswa, ukubomvu kwesikhumba. Ngezinye izikhathi ukunyakaza okungenamahloni nakho kungabonakala. Ezimweni eziphambili, i-edema isakazeka ezinyaweni, futhi ukuqhuma kwe-pus kwakha ukufakela.

I-arthritis ene-purulent ye-hip joint, noma i-coxit, ivela ngezifo ezizimele, ukukhubazeka kwe-uric acid metabolism, ukutholakala kwenqubo engavamile yokuvuvukala emzimbeni, futhi ngenxa yomthwalo wokuxhuma ohlangene. Esikhathini esilandelayo yisidakwa esinamandla kunazo zonke, umkhuhlane, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, kanye nobuhlungu uma uhamba ngokuhlanganyela futhi uthinta, ukubomvu kwesikhumba ngaphezu komunye.

Izimpawu

I-arthritis ehlanzekile iqala ngokungazelelwe. Izikhukhula ezithintekile, zishisa ekuthinteni, isikhumba phezu kwayo siyimithi, i-taut ne-glitters. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiguli siqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, okuyinto eqinisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ithole "uhlamvu lokudubula". Noma yikuphi ukuthinta kuyaba buhlungu, umuntu akakwazi ukugqoka izingubo kwisitho esithintekile. Uma kungenzeki lutho, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ukuvuvukala kuzosakazeka ngenhla nangaphansi kwesibambisene.

Ngaphandle kwendawo, kunezibonakaliso ezijwayelekile. Phakathi kwabo, ukudakwa, ukushisa komkhuhlane, ukukhukhumeza, ukucabangela nokuhlanza kuyaqhubeka. Ukulahleka okungahle kwenzeke, ikhanda. Ukunciphisa ngokuvamile, ukuphefumula kujulile futhi kunzima.

Izifo

Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa, ngaphezu kokuhlola nokuqoqa i-anamnesis, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqhutshwe izifundo ze-laboratory nezinsimbi. Esivivinyweni segazi jikelele, iphethini evamile yokuvuvukala ibonakala: ukwanda kwesilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation, ukushintsha kwefomula leukocyte kuma-reticulocytes, nenani elikhulu lama-neutrophils. Kubuye kunconywe ukwenza i-puncture ye-joint futhi unikeze uketshezi olutholakali lokuhlolwa kwe-microbiological. I-pus iyingcosana, idonswe ngamayilisi e-aniline futhi ihlwanyelwe emkhatsini wezakhi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, udokotela uthola umbono, okhombisa i-agent causative kanye nokuzwela kwawo ekwelashweni kwama-antibiotic.

Kusukela kwizifundo zezinsimbi, ama-x-ray anqunywe. Lesi sithombe sibonisa ngokucacile ukuvuvukala kwezicubu, ububanzi begap ehlangene, ukutholakala kokuguguleka komzimba kanye nokwehla kwamathambo. Uma i-arthritis isanda kuqalwa, i-radiography ingase ingabi ulwazi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isiguli sithunyelwa ku-ultrasound noma ku-CT scan. Ngaphezu kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile ukuqoka ukubonisana nodokotela wesifo esithathelwanayo ukuze kungabikho ukutheleleka okujwayelekile.

I-arthritis enamandla: ukwelashwa

Ngisho ne-arthritis ecatshangelwa ukuthi i-purulent, isiguli kufanele sihambe esibhedlela. Ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulindela imiphumela yezinhlolovo ze-laboratory, ukwelapha okulwa namagciwane okulwa namagciwane we-action spectrum amaningi kunqunyelwe ukumboza zonke izinambuzane ezikhona. Le ndlela igwema izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ekuqaleni kunconywa ukuthi uzame ukwelashwa okulondolozayo. Uma inani le-pus lingenakunqotshwa noma cha, i-gypsum isetshenziselwa umlenze ukuyilungisa endaweni eyodwa, bese kuthi ama-antibiotic ajowe nge-intra-articularly.

Uma kukhona i-capsule noma iso elingenalutho, kuyabonakala ukuthi okuningi ketshezi kuqoqwe ekuhlanganyeleni, kulokhu kutholakala i-arthrosis ngokushesha kanye namanzi. Uma isiguli sifika ngamanxeba angenawo amalunga, ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo kwezindawo ezilimaziwe kuqala kuqala, ukususwa kokungcola kanye nezidumbu zangaphandle, ukubuyekezwa kwazo zonke izikhwama kanye nezinhlayiya ezikhona, futhi kuphela lapho kusetshenzwa khona ithrekhi yamanzi.

Ukuvimbela

Njengesivikelo sokuvimbela isifo samathambo, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi efika ngesikhathi e-osteomyelitis, ngesikhathi sokuvula i-abscess ne-phlegmon ebonakala ezindaweni zokulimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo futhi akukho cala lokuqeda imithi yedwa. Lokhu kungabangela ukumelana kwama-microorganisms nokwenza ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kunzima kakhulu.

Uma usalimala, kumele ugeze isilonda, uphathe imiphetho nge-iodine noma i-zelenka futhi usebenzise i-bandage ehlanzekile. Ingxenye kufanele ihlelwe kahle futhi kakade ifomu kufanele ithunyelwe ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lokhu kuzokwenza umsebenzi wodokotela nokusiza kusize ukubambezela kokuvutha.

Izinkinga

Ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kakhulu kwe-arthritis ehlanzekile kuyilungelo le-sepsis. Lesi simo, okusho ngomqondo wangempela wezwi kusongela ukuphila komuntu, ngoba kungaqeda ukubulala. Kodwa, ngaphezu kokutheleleka okujwayelekile, kunezinye izifo eziningi ezihlobene nalesi sifo.

Ukuqoqwa kwepus esikhwameni se-articular kungaholela ekuqhenqeni kwayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-phlegmon, i-fistula nokuvuvukala kwe-exudate evuthayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona nje izicubu ezithambile, kodwa namathambo angancibilika, futhi umphumela we-arthritis uyoba ukukhubazeka nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungu. Izivumelwano, ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuphoqeleka kokuhlanganyela, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zingaholela ekulahlekelweni komsebenzi nokukhubazeka.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele. Ungazami ukukhuthazelela ubuhlungu noma uzisize ngezindlela zabantu. Lokhu kungenza ngcono isimo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ujabulise kangakanani lapho umuntu ephethe inaliti noma i-scalpel, uma kunezifo ezinzima zokuvuvukala kungcono ukunganqikazi ukwelashwa.