Hungary: sabantu kanye nokusungulwa yobuhlanga

Iningi labantu Hungary isizwe titular - the baseHungary. Isibalo sabo ecishe ilingane 93% inani eliphelele izakhamuzi zaleli zwe.

baseHungary

abantu Hungarian (self - Magyar) ine umlando ezithakazelisayo ozolethwa lalo. Izazi zolimi futhi abavubukuli baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kakhokho isizwe kukhona asemaqeleni Trans-Urals. Kulapha zazulazula Ugric zizwe kamuva wama phandle njengoba Khanty futhi Mansi (manje bahlala Western eSiberia).

Magyar kwaphoqa ngasentshonalanga nokuntula kwezinsiza zokusebenza. Njengoba kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana (futhi kuyoba Ephakathi), endle empumalanga "ihlumela" izindimbane ezikhungethwe eYurophu. Hungary, okuyinto inzalo ka-abayimizulane abaye bahlupheka ihlaselwe ekhaya.

Ekuqaleni, abantu baseHungary ahlala emaqeleni ezindawo Black Sea Ukraine lanamuhla, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu IX waya eTransylvania. Umholi wabo ngesikhathi kwaba edume Prince Aripadi. Amalungu lwamakhosi yakhe yabusa baseHungary ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIV.

I Magyars kwakungasehlane laseBeti ezweni lawo akhona kuyiphi baxoshwa izakhamizi wangaphambili - lwamaSlav futhi Avars. Ngokushesha imihambuma ingashintshwa ngokwabo kule mibandela entsha khona, bamukela amasiko omakhelwane futhi waqala ukuhola ukuphila ixazululwe. Noma kunjalo, le abantu abangophakimpi ukuba asabise emazweni angomakhelwane, kuze iguqulwe yamaKatolika yena. Inani labantu Hungarian eqala ukukhuluphala ngenxa ukuzuzwa ukuzinza nokuzola isihlobo.

Inani labantu base-Austria-Hungary

Ngo ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi baseHungary baba kuncike Austria. ababusi baso abakwaHabsburg nge imishado dynastic wajoyina eziningana uthi kazwelonke ku umbuso waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1918. Sekuyisikhathi eside i labantu Austria-Hungary wabalwela amalungelo abo futhi kulondolozwe amasiko kazwelonke. okubusa German baye bahlupheka kakhulu emva 1848 lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Khona-ke, nokucindezela isiHungary abakhuluma isiRashiya uMbusi uNicholas mina wathumela amasosha ukusiza abakwaHabsburg. Independence engakaze amukelwe, kodwa amakhosi ohlanga ezimbili yasungulwa emashumini eminyaka ambalwa. BaseHungary futhi Austrians sengisilethe amalungelo alinganayo kwezombusazwe yasekhaya. Lokhu kwabangela ukwanda ukwazi kazwelonke, ukukhuthazwa ulimi, njalo njalo. D.

izici kazwelonke

Insimu banamuhla Hungary (93,000 amakhilomitha square) ayihambisani uhla yayo zokuhlala khona kwalesi sizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, Romania lithole e XX leminyaka eTransylvania, lapho kukhona inzalo eziningi Magyars. iminyaka eminingi khona lapho sekubusa abangabazi akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa abantu silondoloze uphawu lwabo. Ulimi Hungarian wehlukile zezigodi (zamaJalimane kanye Slavic iqembu) engumakhelwane. AmaJalimane, isibonelo, kubonakala sengathi gibberish. Lolu limi Kuningi ukufana okukhona phakathi ne izilimi Finns, Estonia, Khanty futhi Mansi. Nge ukwamukelwa of Christianity, izakhamizi wathatha zamagama Latin kahle onezici ezithile siqu.

Hungary, ogama labantu ngempela eyohlobo, zibalwa yesibili eMbusweni Habsburg. Kwakuthinta kuqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni, ngemuva linemibhikisho amaningi izingxabano kwekhulu XIX. Ngisho isimo liye labizwa ngokuthi i-Austria-Hungary, okuyinto kugcizelelwe isimo izizwe ezimbili, ngenkathi ezinye amaqembu amancane (amaCzech namaRomany, namaSerbia, nokunye bosniyy. D.) Uvele sengathi ohlangothini.

inhlokodolobha

Ngenxa amalungelo ngokushesha savela Hungary. Labantu kwadingeka Coefficient laphakeme ekukwati kufundza nekubhala. Ukuziqhenya esikhethekile isizwe isibe idolobha lakhona dolobha eBudapest. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX ezingqondweni izwe laseYurophu empumalanga Vienna kwakubonakala zasendle. Lokhu ngemibono labhujiswa Budapest ngemva yavela. Hungary isikhathi eside azange abe inhlokodolobha evamile ngenxa ayehlasela abaseTurkey nengqalasizinda ababuthakathaka.

Nokho, idolobha elisha, kwakheka ngo-1873 ngemva nokuhlanganiswa Buda futhi Pest, isibe muzi real kwenkathi. It yayiyikomkhulu lamasiko esizwe, okuyinto ngokushesha ithola uzibuse walo ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I okukhulu. Namuhla, Budapest inabantu abangu-1.7 (lo ngumuzi ngobukhulu lwesikhombisa eYurophu). Lapha sekufika zokuqala ngemva London Underground.

namanye amadolobha

Okunye United eziyinhloko zezwe kukhona Debrecen, Miskolc, Pécs, Szeged. labantu lwabo luye ukufana ne-dolobha yase-confessional kanye olinganise kazwelonke. Inombolo abakhileyo zokhahlamba kusuka 100 kuya kwezingu-200. Map of ukwanda kwabantu libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi nombala basakaza ezweni lonke.

esizweni esincane

Hungary, ogama labantu kwamiswa emva izinxushunxushu zomlando eziningi, futhi esiphawulekayo anabambalwa ngokohlanga. It Roma, amaJalimane, amaJuda, Slovaks, abantu baseRomania, namaSerbia, nokunye .. Sekukonke, abakubonisayo-10% abantu sebebonke.

Lokhu kuchazwe emthunzini wangaphambili Austro-Hungarian Empire, lapho cauldron abilayo eziphikisanayo kazwelonke. Abantu abaningi abahlala ngenkani yamukeleke.

Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke zenkolo - kuba amaKatolika (mayelana zonke izakhamuzi yesibili yezwe ngokuvumelana ukuba vo). Libuye lubonakale khona bakaCalvin (mayelana 15%), eyabonakala kuleli zwe ngemva kweNkathi Yezinguquko-European.

imiphakathi yamaJuda uncamela Budapest. Hungary iye yaba yindawo enhle ephephile laba bantu. Esikhathini engumakhelwane Empire Russian kwinqubomgomo anti-lwamaSemite XIX leminyaka kwenziwa (the Esikhunjeni Esiphaphathekile ka Settlement, nokunye. D.) Lokho wamaJuda amaningi waholela ekutheni yathuthela iDanube. Umphakathi lamaJuda elalingaphansi hit kanzima emva Kwesizwe. Futhi, eziningi kwesokunxele u-Israyeli ngemva kokumiswa isimo eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Ngo-1993, Hungary yokutholwa umthetho ku ezincane kazwelonke. Lapho esabela kubo zonke izinhlobo amalungelo. Lo mkhankaso sathathwa ngemva kwabawayo uhlelo lamaKhomanisi owawuvamile bonke emazweni Europe Central, sabanjwa emzileni ithonya eSoviet Union.