Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa uPolina Denisovna Osipenko: Biography, izimpumelelo, imiklomelo kanye namaqiniso kumnandi

Polina Denisovna Osipenko ingenye abameleli ambalwa besifazane abahlomulisiwe Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Yikuphi wathola udumo lo wesifazane na? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

Esakhula

Uyini umlando ezithakazelisayo kusitshela? Polina Osipenko wazalwa ngo-October 8, 1907 edolobhaneni Novospasovka. Emkhayeni, indawo akhulela kuyo, ondlile abantwana ayisishiyagalombili, ngaphandle kwakhe, njengoba inhloko yomkhaya ke ayeyisisebenzi abavamile, ngakho zezimali inhlalakahle umndeni kuphela baphupha. Lokhu isici akazange avumele intombazane egxilile ukuze nithole imfundo enhle jikelele - ethola iziqu emakilasini amabili nje esikoleni isonto. Ukusiza umndeni ukuphuma isimo esinzima kwezezimali, le ntombazane yayingakaze ukuqala ukusebenza zisencane kakhulu. Okwesikhathi esithile wasebenza njengendlela ngophethe, bese baba emsebenzini wokusiza epulazini.

Umsebenzi ukuqeqeshwa

Ngemva inguquko, Osipenko uPolina Denisovna wasebenza epulazini yenkukhu, lapho kwakukhona khona ukuhlangana yakhe yokuqala ne iphupho wezulu ukuphakama. Inkambu yendawo lawela indiza, okuyinto kulawulwa intombazane. Kwaba isithombe sakhe, futhi idlalwe umcabango emashumini amabili futhi uye waba isibonelo uPolina, iphupho.

Okuhambisana uPolina Denisovna Osipenko wayetadisha esikhungweni semfundo kwalolusuku kusihlwa, futhi ngo-1929 baphothula izifundo bebheke "umfundisi inhlangano yenkukhu." Yena ivelele ngomsebenzi walo kanzima futhi ukuhlakanipha, ngakho ngemva esifushane waba yinhloko yezizwe ngokuhlanganyela ipulazi yenkukhu ipulazi.

Umshado Heroine nalokho okukushoyo enkulu ekukhethweni kuka-ukuphila kwakhe

1926 yakhethwa emshadweni. Isiqunto sakhe kwenzakala umshayeli eziphathelene nezempi UStepan Govyaz, owayehlala naye kuleli dolobhana. Nguye okulungiselelwe entombazane ukuyothola imfundo kulesi sikole yaqanjwa Myasnikov orientation lempi, lunye eyinhloko okwakukhona imfundo ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza.

Ngeshwa, uPolina Denisovna Osipenko, biography othulwe ukunakwa kwakho esihlokweni, angikwazanga ukuya kulesi sikole okokuqala. Ukuqapha njalo izindiza futhi alwele imigomo yabo, waya emsebenzini ekamelweni lokudlela, etholakala kulesi sikhungo. Ngo izikhungo, kwakukhona ngezizathu eziningi ukuqeqeshwa, lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba alethe ukudla. Senza ku-"aviamashine" U-2. Ekusebentiseni idatha yendiza pilot ngezikhathi ezivunyelwe uPolina "ukusonta amasondo ayo." Ngakho, yena walidla amakhono zayo zokuqala izindiza ukuphathwa.

Ukuthola amakhono amasha e ukuzanywa kuphela avuse uthando ne Owesifazane esibhakabhakeni. Isifiso impukane enganikanga ukuthula kwengqondo. Ukuze sifeze iphupho lakhe-ke futhi waphinde wacela ukuba kobuholi izikole umshayeli nge isicelo yokwemukela kwababusi abafundi bayo. Ngenxa yokuphikelela yayo kanye nokwelashwa esifike K. E. Voroshilovu, owayefike ngaleso sikhathi kubo, Asipenka namanje lifinyelele yi omuhle - wamthatha esikoleni.

Ukuphumelela okuqanjwe amaphupho lonakaliswe ngokwahlukana Pauline nomyeni wakhe. Wayethunywe ukuba Rostov esifundeni futhi kunomsindo becindezela.

Amarekhodi kanye sezakhiwo

1933 ephawulwe emphilweni Pauline Osipenko ekupheleni lempi umshayeli esikoleni. Ngawo lowo nyaka ke ithunyelwa wezempi ezindizayo amayunithi e laseKharkov, lapho wakwazi ukubonisa wonke amakhono abo. Amandla aso ukulawula izindiza wamangala futhi ajabulela wonke umuntu, ngakho ngo-1935 kwaba kakade nomyali. Uthanda esibhakabhakeni kanye indiza akuzange kuwumise intombazane khona. Ngokushesha uPolina sidluliselwe eMoscow wesifunda lempi, bese baba umhloli we Air Force ngesikhathi Jikelele Abasebenzi.

Le migilingwane yowesifazane elinesibindi waqala ukwenza ngo-1937. Ngonyaka owodwa wakwazi ukuphula amarekhodi eziningana emhlabeni ukuphakama lift izindiza. Okokuqala, wakunqoba off ku 6 th. M, yalokho irekhodi pilot kusuka Italy Negron. Ezinsukwini Meyi 1937, aviator ifinyelele 9 ayizinkulungwane. Indiza M nenagruzhonnom. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili Asipenka ukwenze ukuzuzwa lomhlaba, ebheka phezulu kusuka phansi ku 7 th. M nge umthwalo, isisindo okwakukhona 1 ton.

Njengoba ukhansele imiphumela ukwanda ukuphakama, Osipenko uPolina Denisovna - pilot zesifazane - uqalile unqobe aphakeme ibanga izindiza phezu ngezikhawu eside. Futhi kakade ngo-1938, amatilosi wamangaza Asipenka kumnandi irekhodi indiza ibanga okwesikhathi ijika avaliwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Kliment Voroshilov Ukugunyaza wathatha izisebenzi indiza kude uPolina Osipenko kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Co-pilot baba Vera Lomako kanye itilosi Marina Raskova. Kuyinto kule ngxenye owesifazane, futhi wenza ukubonakaliswa kwamandla okukhulu ukuba banqobe umphumela ephakeme indiza eside ngqo. Ukuze ngetulu kwemahora lalishumi, nge nomthwalo 5.5 amathani, bawela ibanga 2372 km.

Ukunqoba indlela kuye eMpumalanga Ekude

Ulandela impumelelo nobuqhawe uPolina Osipenko kubhekwe flying kuye eMpumalanga Ekude, okuyiwona intombazane wanikezwa isihloko umshayeli yesibili. Akekho wayeqiniseka ukuthi uPauline bangavumelana kwezimo ezinjalo, kodwa lona wesifazane osemusha kwakubaluleke kuphela yokuthi indiza, kungakhathaliseki izihloko kwababusi. Umkhuzi oyinhloko kulokhu esimisiwe uValentina Grizodubova, okuyinto ithathe isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ukuqeqeshwa izinga ngqo Command izindiza ku eside hola izindiza. Marina Raskova zigcinwe isikhundla lalo futhi athatha isikhundla se-indiza itilosi.

Le ndiza, okuthiwa i- "Ezweni" hit umgwaqo 24 Septhemba, 1938. Ukuthatha Yiqiniso eliseMpumalanga Ekude, flying umshini isikhathi eside wathutha zifa, ngenxa yokwanda liguqubele. Navigator Raskova kunqunywa indlela efanele kuphela ithuluzi. Kodwa inkinga kwakungekona nje endleleni abashayeli abanesibindi. Ngokushesha ababambanga up Uqweqwe. Ayenabafowabo ukukhulisa ukujikeleza screw, ngenhloso ngokuhlanza ngemicu iqhwa ukuqongelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashayeli bezindiza aphuthelwe refueling Komsomolsk-na-ngenxa ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana impucuko. Ukuxhumana kuphazamisekile emva Urals. Eduzane oLwandle Okhotsk, indiza yalo ivuthe umlilo inkomba ekhuluma okuseleyo eliphansi kakhulu uphethiloli. Ukuze izibalo presumptive, kufanele sezithathe akukho imizuzu engaphezu kuka-30. Banikezwe isimo samanje, umlawuli nezisebenzi Valentin Grizodubova isinqumo nomhlaba indiza ehlathini. Lokhu kokwehla kwakuyingozi kakhulu ehlezi phambi itilosi, ngakho Raskova wathola ukuze sifinyelele nge-parachute.

Le ndiza ephethwe umhlaba eduze Amgun. Ngenxa ngaphambilini lost kungenzeka ukuxhumana phansi, akekho uktuhi ngisho iphuzu lokufikela "Ezweni." Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa kwendiza ulahlekile eyenziwa ngasemanzini iBaikal oLwandle Okhotsk. Ufuna sengathi ibutho lasemoyeni, kanye nabantu abavamile abahlala emadolobhaneni aseduze. Plane atholakala kuphela wesithathu Okthoba, wabonwa omunye iqhaza ku search for indiza. isikebhe wathunyelwa kwabesifazane ophikelelayo, ume isibindi ngokuthi "Ekude." Nguye wacosha izinhlamvu ehlane ehlathini.

Amaholo ngokuba nokuqinisela nesibindi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sasibekezelela umshayeli anesibindi, wakwazi usetha irekhodi ukuze uthole okunye uhambo ezifudukayo. izindiza zabo landizela 6.450 km, okuyinto zithathelwe imiphumela Champions odlule. Umphumela waba kuka 1,500 km. Kungenxa yalesi feat futhi womathathu baklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union.

Ngemva Asipenka labelwa ngomcimbi nobuqhawe lokhu, waba ithuba lokuba uthisha kanye nomsizi fighter pilot.

ukufa Pauline

Ngokushesha ngemva impumelelo kwengqondo wezimpimpi ka Hsu Asipenka Pauline Denisovna kukhokhelwe uthando lwakhe ukuphakama. Bekanye Anatoliem Serovym izindiza ke kwenziwa zifa lapho omunye abashayeli bezindiza Kumelwe bahlasele indiza esuka cab avaliwe futhi zifundise kwenye. Le ngozi yenzeke ngesikhathi lapho Asipenka uye waba uthisha wandiza indiza Serov.

Izwe uye wasabela kokufa ukulila Heroine-Union. Sam Molotov eyenziwa nomlotha uPolina Osipenko kuya ezibiyele udonga, lapho yilapho angcwatshwa khona.

Polina Denisovna Osipenko: umvuzo owesifazane enkulu

Ngo emfushane isikhathi zokuphila kwakhe uPolina Osipenko wathola oda ezimbili Lenin, umholi wokuqala lapho kufanele ithole elikhuluphalisiwe ehlobo lika-1938. Order of the Red Banner futhi indondo "iminyaka XX Red Army 'nayo ukhishwa.

Imemori Heroine, washiya iminyaka

Abaningi ezitaladini futhi imikhakha emadolobheni ahlukene babe "amagama 'behlonipha Osipenko ngemva kokushona komkakhe.

• Umama Pauline emzaneni atholwe igama elisha owawuzwakala sengathi igama lakhe.
• Igama layo kunikezwa izikhungo zemfundo, ezifana zezindiza esikoleni e-Odessa futhi laseDnepropetrovsk flying club.
• Ngo Berdyansk kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ukuze Heroine okukhulu.
• Endaweni lapho kokuba ibulawe, a Obelisk yesikhumbuzo.
• LA Kolesnikov alethwe ezihlukahlukene entsha Lilac yaqamba igama layo ngokuthi uPolina Osipenko.
• Pauline lesikhumbuzo e Kokshetau (Kazakhstan).

Polina Denisovna Osipenko wawungelona nje uhide owesifazane, wayengumhlali, enesibindi eqinile futhi efuna ukuphupha. Yilokho kwamsiza wafinyelela eziqongweni esibalulekile futhi bahlale izinhliziyo zabantu ngisho nangemva kokushona.