GPU: okulotshiweyo asendulo ezintsha

Usebenza kuphi? - I-GPU! Sokuqonda lokhu isifinyezo kulezizinsuku ayinangozi ngokuphelele. Ingabe isifinyezo we Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Lapha sifundisa abantu abasha ukuba nihlwanyele ezinengqondo, ezinhle, eyaphakade, ukwakha nobuhlobo obuhle esizukulwaneni esisha futhi okuningi lokho okudingeka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ... osetshenziswayo Psychology, isibonelo. Futhi inikeza ithuba ukuthola abanomsebenzi othile. Kwakunezinye izikhathi lapho kulezi zincwadi ezine kwezinye okujabulisa, kuyilapho abanye - yokwesaba.

OGPU kuze 1930 - Orenburg Isikhungo semfundo

Umlando Orenburg Pedagogical University wavula ngo Grozny ngo-1919, ngesikhathi kulwiwa, ukumvuthela kuyo yonke insimu ayengaphansi Empire Russian. Omula kuqala dalo we isikhungo kwaba Vy Struminsky, kamuva owaba ilungu elihambisana wase-USSR Academy of Sciences futhi uDokotela of Science. Bese konke elilula: ukuqeqeshwa wathatha eziyikhulu namashumi abafundi amahlanu, iningi labo ngisho babekwazi ukufunda nokubhala, akusilo izwi elihle kakhulu. Down and Out kodwa izinto zaqala ukonakala!

isimo State OGPI futhi OGPU

Ngemva kuka-1930 OINO (imfundo yomphakathi) lithole isimo esemthethweni. Yandile endaweni yayo, ifake sokuzivocavoca wangaphambili. Kulapha iziqu Malenkov GM - esivelele party sibalo Stalin inkathi, matasa ngemva kokufa "uyise izizwe" okuthunyelwe predsovmina (uma sikubeka imigomo yesimanje - kukaNdunankulu).

Ezemfundo wangena namathathu banesifo esibi ekuseni ngeposi, kusihlwa futhi usuku esigcwele. Namahlathi e ukusebenza, ngokomzimba, yezobuchwepheshe, zamakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo nezenhlalo nezincwadi zokufunda amandla. OGPU ke kulesi sikhungo bengabizwanga. Wayengumuntu nje Orenburg pedinom noma OGPI.

Namuhla-ke yanikezwa i-status inyuvesi. Ikhono eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu, izakhiwo zemfundo - zokulala eziyisithupha - ezintathu, ngokuvamile, isikhungo esikhulu futhi iyahlonishwa.

Hhayi ecacile, kodwa igama esabekayo

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ngegama lesikhungo kufihliwe ngemuva izinhlamvu ezine elula - OGPU. Kulungiswa lokhu isifinyezo (United State Political Administration ngaphansi Sovnarkom) kahle aziwa izakhamuzi zaseSoviet kusukela 1923. Eminyakeni yokuqala emithathu le nhlangano enamandla eholwa isikhulu sonogada yezwe F. E. Dzerzhinsky, ngemva abakufa kwabo ilandelwa VR Menzhinsky. Inhloko olandelayo we OGPU kwaba GG Berry, ngubani, ngokungafani amandulela, kodwa akazange avume ukufa ngenxa yalesi sifo, kanti inhlamvu. UZulu wadutshulwa ngenhlamvu ngu umusho enkantolo.

izici GPU eminyakeni Stalin

Izinjongo zalolu isakhiwo amandla isobala, baze banikezwe ngisho ebhaliwe kusisekelo ngo-1924. Ngokwe isahluko wesishiyagalolunye Article 61, nokugcinwa kokuthula komphakathi kanye ekulweni banditry chasiselwe NKVD republic (kuyilapho kwakunamabandla amane kuphela endaweni). Umsebenzi esiphikisayo izinguquko kanye lobunhloli, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukuba azinqobe ziye ukunakekela OGPU USSR. Sokuqonda izifinyezo kuso asisitsheli - yokuphatha zezombusazwe, kodwa enkabeni yalo kulomzimba iyisevisi ukuvikeleka kwesitjhaba, okuyinto kamuva futhi uqambe kabusha, ukushaya lokuqala Ministry (MGB), bese, ngesikhathi Khrushchev ncibilika, iKomiti (KGB , CM).

I OGPU, NKVD sihluke

Ngo-USSR, ubelokhu umehluko phakathi kwamaphoyisa kanye ezinhlakeni zezokuvikela, ngisho iminyaka lapho amabutho ezokuphepha ngokusemthethweni okufakiwe kuze kube ubuholi olulodwa. Walwa oluxube limelene namaSoviet izinhloli (noma labo ayefana kubo), saboteurs, futhi nje ukuxoxa ezinye ezilula esesabekayo OGPU. NKVD eyingoduso ezindabeni zezwe ezingaphezu: uphenyo amacala (ukugqekeza, ukubamba inkunzi, ukubulala), beletha umthwalo amabhoklolo eziwuhlupho, izidakwa nabanye abantu "Izinsalela zezwe lakudala." Kodwa "amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi zezombusazwe" kukaStalin is hhayi nje ayelwa egibele lokhu phambi ongabonakali, umsebenzi walo kufakwe, nokulawula amaphoyisa.

Ukuhlola kwe-OGPU

Kodwa hhayi kuphela abazingela the "bayizitha zabantu" esibi futhi nayizimfundamakhwela abanganaki ezilula wahlanganyela OGPU. Sokuqonda radiograms izinhloli ngempela isiJalimane, umsebenzi kohlaziyo, ukukhalipha ukuhlangana, futhi imisebenzi eminingi ebucayi uhulumeni yenziwa neminyango ezikhethekile isikhungo eMoscow. I. V Stalin azange abathembe ukuqoqwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo mayelana umsebenzi wenzondo Soviet kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano eyodwa. intelligence Soviet phesheya isinyathelo ngokuzimela, kwakukhona eziningana. Umphakeli elikhulu ulwazi olubalulekile bemvelo amasu kwaba Comintern, kodwa eziqhutshwa phesheya, kanye neminye imininingwane imithombo, ababiziweyo efanele (Main Intelligence Directorate of the Jikelele Abasebenzi iRed Army, uMnyango GUGB 5th ke yabaqondisi 1st of the NKGB, le NKVD 4th, njll) . Brave Soviet intelligence izikhulu we OGPU nomthelela ukunqoba nobuNazi.

Folk izinguqulo ukuqaqwa

Namuhla segama Omsk State Pedagogical University ukuhleka kalula, ngoba akekho uzobajezisa. Ngingumfana skits isiqiniseko eziningi umfundi futhi KVNy ngeke akwenze ngaphandle amahlaya mayelana nezinketho ezihlukahlukene fun for ekwelapheni bofeleba ezine (Mfundisi omkhulu Amaphuzu Fell - I uphawu oyinhloko yezobunhloli, njll ...) Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kukaStalin kwakukhona amazwi izifinyezo maqondana ebonisa amahlaya kwaba ingozi kakhulu. Kodwa abantu namanje benza amahlaya, naphezu ngengozi "amakhanzi uqale kokukokoda emakamu," ngisho i-GPU. Sokuqonda leli gama esesabekayo zehluka, "uyasikrufulula ikhanda - Zama Escape," "Autumn, Bare Izinyoni Fly Away", "Nalapha futhi, upekli Izakhamizi Party." - nazi ezinye amaphethini abantu obonisa ubulungiswa ethi "The scarier le engenangqondo ngaphezulu"