Fyodor Sologub: Biography kanye nomsebenzi (izithombe)

Izinkondlo Isiliva Ubudala idume nabameleli bayo. Amagama abo, kanye nemisebenzi ekhumbulekayo aziwa wonke umuntu ngisho kancane acabange connoisseur ezincwadi. Kukhona izimbongi kabani izinkondlo ngekhanda yezimo abhekene. Lezi zihlanganisa Fyodor Sologub. Biography emfushane, ekuhlaziyeni lokusungula kanye nencazelo isiqondiso lapho izinkondlo zidalwe, elinde wena ngezansi.

Mayelana umbhali

Fedor Sologub - Russian umbhali, imbongi, umlobi, umhumushi uthisha. Wayengomunye abameleli bhá we Isiliva Age of kufanekisa Russian kanye umlweli. Umsebenzi wakhe ngakho kokuvamile impikiswano, abagxeki abaningi basalokhu bengakakwazi eze incazelo kuphela lesifanele izithombe nezinhlamvu adalwe imbongi. Sologub, biography kanye lokusungula okuyizinto namanje isihloko cwaningo kanye nocwaningo izinhlamvu ezintsha - umdali enezici wezinkondlo temibhalo yephrozi. izinkondlo zakhe umxhwele Motifs yabo yesizungu, zemfihlakalo futhi imfihlakalo, nasezincwadini ziye amehlo, ukushaqeka ungasidedeli kuze asekugcineni kwekhasi laleso yakhe.

umlando-alias

I samanje igama imbongi - Fyodor Kuzmich Teternikov.

Iphephabhuku "North iGazethi" sekuyinkinga pad ukuqaliswa ngoba imbongi. Eminyakeni 90 izinkondlo XIX leminyaka Sologub ishicilelwe kule edition, nge esikalini ububanzi.

Isikhundla symbolist imbongi yafuna igama sonorous. Esikhathini magazini, futhi izinguqulo wokuqala yasungulwa iziteketiso, kuhlanganise ukhetho "Sologub" kwahlongozwa. Lelo gama wazala umndeni ezihloniphekayo, nomele abavelele babo kwaba uVladimir Sologub - umbhali, umbhali. Ukuze babe nokungaboni ngaso linye, Fedor enquma ukukhipha incwadi eyodwa.

Ngo 1893, umagazini uyaphuma le nkondlo "The Creation", esisayinwe mbumbulu Fyodor Sologub. Biography omlobi izikhumba eziningi izenzakalo, okuyinto azithathe ubuhanjelwe amalungu yokuhlela ebhodini. "Northern Herald" wakhala imbongi isisusa ohloniphekile ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula.

Fedor Sologub, Biography emfushane. ebuntwaneni

Umlobi wazalwa kuqala Mashi 1863 Petersburg. Uyise wayengumGreki bomdabu esifundazweni Poltava.

Umndeni yayiyizwe elimpofu kakhulu, ubaba wayeyi-serf futhi benze impilo ngokudoba umthungi.

Abazali imbongi esizayo wafundiswa abantu abahlakaniphile ababesendlini izincwadi, futhi uyise wafundisa izingane ukufunda, ukubhala, ukudlala ngabo, ukhuluma ngenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, wadlula labo okuyigugu ulwazi mayelana namasiko emhlabeni futhi izincwadi, kwadingeka.

Lapho, emva kweminyaka emibili ukuzalwa Fyodor weza nodadewabo omncane, ukuphila komkhaya Sekunzima kakhulu ngokuya impahla. Ekugcineni umndeni ebumpofwini waxosha ukufa zikayise 1867. Umama wahlala izingane ezingalweni zakhe, ngaphandle ngamakhaya. Waphoqeleka ukuya inceku lomkhaya ocebile. Lo mndeni yizicukuthwane Agapovs sakhula futhi imbongi abasha abangababo aristocrats iphathwa kahle, wasiza self-imfundo yakhe, ukwabelana izincwadi ezingavamile, okuyinto wayemagange kakhulu Sologub. Biography imbongi uzoqhubeka abantu abacebile ozithola okungahleliwe ukuthi yamsiza ukuba anqobe izithiyo zokuphila futhi bheka ngokwakho.

Nokho, kwadingeka uhlangothi lwalo amnyama njengoba ingane ngakho lapho Agapovs endlini. Izwe izincwadi, umculo kanye nesayensi, okuyinto Banamathele uTheodore abasha ekhaya, ngobuhlanya waqhathanisa ngokucijile emkhathini we ekhishini Smoky nelondolo ezimbalwa nzima, okuyinto wasebenza ekuweni ephelele unina amabutho ukondla izingane zabo. Ngezinye izikhathi yena wahlwitha off ukukhathala phezu kwabo, weza waze waba phambi emshaya ngenxa yokungalaleli kancane. Kamuva kuyothiwa ebhaliwe umbhali wendzaba I- "Consolation", lapho eveza yonke isisindo zezwe lakhe kancane yokuhlukanisa zezingane. Engafuni e Umlando bakhe bakhumbula lokhu Sologub, Biography emfushane imbongi ngokuvamile miss lezi zikhathi, kodwa isithombe isithombe ephelele yokuphila kwakhe kanye ukubunjwa badinga.

Imisebenzi ukuthi bakhomba indlela eya imbongi

Unkosikazi imbongi, ubhala yomlando wakhe, wakhuluma izincwadi ezintathu Fedor ayekufunde eseyingane.

Lona "Don Quixote" by Cervantes, "Inkosi Lear" by Shakespeare kanye "eRobinson Crusoe" Defoe. Ethonya ngokufunda ngisho Umfana omncane kakhulu sasinamandla kangangokuthi wanika amahlumela ithalente, ezimiselwe bukhule isikhulile bese udala imbongi omkhulu, umdali ngaphansi mbumbulu Sologub. Mfushane biography, adalwe nomkayo, wangitshela ukuthi lezi zincwadi zazibalulekile "uhlobo ivangeli."

Kodwa umsebenzi Pushkin futhi Lermontov, izisusa zakhe eziyinhloko babe engekho Sologub abasha. N. A. Nekrasov kwaba eduze kakhulu umoya, nezithombe zakhe abantu ngosizi lwezilwane abampofu aguqulwe futhi wathola indawo yabo futhi ziboniswe owalandela ikusasa izinkondlo. Fyodor Sologub ebusheni bakhe umxhwele okwangempela ngawo Nekrasov wachaza nakho nokuhlupheka kumuntu ovamile.

Enye nethonya elikhulu kumiswa zengqondo ithalenta umbhali wathatha lokusungula S. Nadson.

Ubusha yokusesha ngokwayo

Youth imbongi zenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya izincwadi zezwe futhi zabuna Russian, okuyinto waba nethuba ukufunda. Kwaba sibonga ukuthi kungenzeka wakwazi ukuthuthukisa ithalente lakhe abasha Sologub (biography, eyabhalwa unkosikazi imbongi, inikeza umqondo ocacile kakhulu ngalokhu).

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nanhlanu Fedor Sologub iba Institute Petersburg abaFundisi umfundi '. Ngenza lapha imbongi abasha ngemicabango exubile bese sibonga ukusekelwa umndeni nothisha Fedor Agapovs ukuthi asibona umfana ingqondo abukhali netalenta elidinga ukusika. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi kwaqhutshwa amakilasi okuqala ukuvulelwa imbongi ezintsha bobuchule inkululeko.

Umqondisi we-Institute kwaba KK Saint-Iller - abantu abafunde kakhulu ukubukeka enenqubekela phambili futhi ezintsha. Ngenxa intshiseko yakhe ngoba efundisa othisha eziphambili kakhulu bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo ohilelekile. Phakathi abafundi, iningi labo kwakungebona kusukela emikhayeni ekhomba ngophakathi, Fedor kwaba umuntu ongamazi nhlobo. It akazange ukuheha imibuthano umfundi nemikhosi. Nakuba izingane afunda nazo kwadingeka fun, wahumushela zabuna futhi wathatha izinyathelo kuqala temibhalo yephrozi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-ukuqeqeshwa sikhungo iqala noveli "Ebusuku amazolo" Sologub. Biography imbongi isitshela ukuthi le noveli, akazange aqede, kodwa lena umzamo nawenza nakho yayo.

Ngo 1882, ikusasa umbhali symbolist iziqu honours ekolishi futhi uya endaweni ekude Sacra. Naye uyothatha unina nodadewabo bakhe Olga. Kube walindela umsebenzi nguthishela, kanye kweminyaka eyishumi ezulazula izifundazwe: Omkhulu Luke Vytegra kwaba ekhaya okwesikhashana yomlobi futhi umndeni wakhe.

Lapha, "bear ekhoneni" umbhali ziyahlanya abaphethwe isizungu kanye "ixhaphozi yesifundazwe." Kamuva wayeyoba ukubhala ngakho, ethi thishela awusona isizungu nokungaqondi.

Izinyathelo zokuqala izinkondlo

Amavesi lokuqala imbongi wazalwa, ngokusho kwabanye imibiko, eseneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala. Fedor Sologub (kabani Biography ithi okuncane mayelana nentuthuko bakhe njengenhlangano umbhali) lapho usukhulile ngokuvamile uyakhumbula ngomunyu ngemithwalo yobusha, lapho kwakungekho ukwesekwa nokuqonda, futhi bonke kwatholakala ukuthi ukufinyelela wena nge.

Nge wonke amandla ka maximalism bobusha uTheodore abasha yayiqiniseka ukuthi ayemiselwe ukuba imbongi afunga yena ukuthi ngeke emuva phansi esuka ubizo lwakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kunzima kungase. Kodwa isiphetho akazange ukuhlala phezu ukuhlolwa. Uma ungakhulumi ubunzima ezibonakalayo lapho umbhali ababehlala eziyizintandane umndeni, kwakukhona usizi eziningi zokuziphatha intsha onekhono. Wayeke wakipita unina nodadewabo edolobheni yesifundazwe, lapho amathuba were ncanyana than izithiyo. izinkondlo zakhe yashicilelwa omagazini yesifundazwe buthakathaka inani elilinganiselwe abafundi, inkazimulo ukuqashelwa kwabo bonke akayanga imbongi.

"Northern Herald"

Izinto zashintsha lapho imbongi ngo-1891, lapho isiphetho wamletha dolobha wanika umhlangano okungahleliwe ngokuphelele Nikolaem Maksimovichem Minsky - kummeleli okuthiwa kufanekisa ezingaqondakali. incazelo yalokho okufanekiselwa kulo mhlangano kwaba ukuthi, naphezu inkhulumomphendvulwano lemfisha, F. Sologub (biography, eyabhalwa unkosikazi imbongi likuchaza kahle kulo mhlangano) izohamba Minsk iqoqo yayo encane izinkondlo (ambalwa amakhulu izinkondlo ekuseni). Lokhu kwaba ngonyaka ka ukuzalwa kanye nenguquko of aziwayo kakade kithi kukamagazini i- "North iGazethi". Abasunguli balo: N. Minsky, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Z. Gippius A. naseVolyn babematasa ngifuna imisebenzi kwakuyoba umfanekiso njengabawufanelekele yokugcina yosuku Manifesto N. Minsky "Ekukhanyeni unembeza ...". Kuyamangalisa endaweni kwaba abasha izinkondlo Sologub ezasiza uhlele umagazini abahleli, imbongi abasha ekugcineni avunyelwe izakhe e ifakwe kufanekisa.

ukuvuthwa

Ekwindla ka-1892 Fedor Sologub lithuthela Petersburg. Ngemva cishe wabhubhisa esifundazweni sakhe, uyawuphula angena umphakathi we Symbolists emisha yayo futhi Isifiso sokuzenzela.

Lapha uyathola uthisha emzini Christmas esikoleni. Bakhumbule lapha umbhali ithambisa izigcawu eziningi ubuhlakani bakhe, kodwa amanoveli kakhulu, "Little Demon" futhi "Amaphupho Heavy". A babekuphi elivulela imisebenzi yakhe "edolobheni yesifundazwe", kodwa ngasizathu simbe hhayi inhloko-dolobha, lapho afike achitha khona zonke ukuvuthwa kwakhe nabathandwayo ngayo yonke inhliziyo yami.

"Northern Herald" baba nesazi endaweni yokufunda, kanye oshumayela izinkondlo zakhe ekugcineni makwaziwe yibo bonke.

Ngo-1908, Sologub Fedor Kuzmich (Biography of umbhali awangaphelela uchaza lokhu esigabeni ukuphila) ushiya umsebenzi uthisha ashade Anastasia Chebotarevsky - umbhali kanye umhumushi.

Ngo-1913, yena nomkakhe, ngoba uyaqhubeka uhambo oluya imizi Russia, ngokuvakashela nabo inani cishe ezine kweshumi.

Ngo-1918, imbongi ukuwa nodumo wokuba usihlalo we-Union of etemibhalo izibalo.

Disemba 5, 1927 umbhali ufa eneminyaka egu zeminyaka ayisithupha nane ubudala, kusale ifa elikhulu wezinkondlo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kufanekisa bhá.

Ekuhlaziyeni lokusungula

Imbongi kanye owayiloba ezilapho. Nakuba baxgeki ngokwabo kamuva kuchasiselwe izinkondlo zakhe futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ukuba imifuziselo, eziningi izici imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani awanakufundwa lokhu kuthambekela.

Waqala umsebenzi wakhe Sologub Fyodor Kuzmich (Biography emfushane, eyabhalwa Anastasia Chebotareva ucoca ke) ku izinkondlo.

Kamuva, e amisa othisha ', wenza umzamo ukwakha temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba amaqhawe "Ebusuku amazolo." Ngesikhathi wakhulelwa inkondlo "Solitude", okuyinto okwakungahlosiwe ukuba ishicilelwe.

Petersburg "Northern Herald" eshicilelwe izinkondlo imbongi.

Ngo-1902, umlobi siqede umsebenzi inoveli yakhe "Little Demon." izinkulumo wobuciko mayelana crazy umphefumulo okungenamsoco uthisha obunonya Ardalyon Peredonov. Ngenxa yalo nokuvuleka futhi "okuyingozi" inoveli ukuthi nakanjani "etafuleni ukuphila". Nokho, ngo-1905 umagazini "Imibuzo of Life" esithathwayo ukushicilela umsebenzi. Mayelana sokuvalwa ukushicilelwa umagazini kwaba eziphukile, okuyinto kwenza okholwayo wangakwazi ngokugcwele liveze obala inoveli uqobo.

Ngo-1907, "Demon Little" ekugcineni ephuma ngokuphelele futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi nanamuhla enye yezincwadi kunazo owaziwa futhi wafunda izincwadi Russian.

Izisusa eziyinhloko zezinkondlo F. Sologub

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amanoveli komlobi hlala liyindawo efanelekayo emhlabeni izincwadi, izinkondlo, akusona kancane ezithakazelisayo okwakhe yayo nokukhanya engavamile, Airy isitayela.

Kuyinto lokhu ilunga kalula ushaya Sologub. Biography omlobi egcwele yokusesha yakhe yendalo nangeZwi nakho, okuyinto ziyabonakala emavesini, futhi zifundeka kwelinye umoya lula.

Tingcikitsi eyinhloko izinkondlo - okuthile eyinqaba futhi baziphatha indaba ephathwayo ukudabuka, ukuhlupheka ophilayo ngaphandle injongo ekuphileni.

izingqikithi Mystical nomthelela ezimpilweni kwamandla ombuso usukela enkondlweni "jika Damn" futhi "adumileyo uneso elilodwa." Ukuba buthaka kwezindlela indoda, ubuthakathaka bakhe lapho sibhekene nezingqinamba zokuphila qhaqha zonke Sologub izinkondlo.

Ekuphetheni

Satshela kafushane mayelana umbhali, okuyinto bashiya umlando ongeke tetemibhalo ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuphepha wagqoka par imisebenzi Dostoevsky, Blok, Tolstoy. Fedor Sologub (biography nemisebenzi, izithombe umbhali - konke kukhona esihlokweni) - nesazi imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo, ezikhonjiswayo emsebenzini wakhe obubi zokuphila. Kodwa wakwenza ngobuciko futhi ezithakazelisayo, ukuze imisebenzi yakhe zifundwa kwelinye umoya futhi bahlale imemori kuze kube phakade.