Virgil inkondlo "Aeneid": Isifinyezo by isahluko

inkondlo Legendary "Aeneid" likhona lwezifundo zesikole akusilo ize. Yena ocebile kanjani izithombe, izakhi basezinganekwaneni kanye nezenzakalo ezingokomlando ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuthi encyclopedia zezwe lasendulo kweqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbongi engumRoma u-Virgil e inkondlo yakhe "Aeneid" wabhala hhayi kuphela mayelana ukuzulazula kanye izimpi. Ingxenye yomsebenzi Sizokwenza bangempela uthando uqeda ukuthi ngeke abashiye abafundi ngabandayo.

Mayelana imbongi

Ekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule emzini Sousse (Italy yesimanje), ngephutha bathola udonga KaMose, ngakho singakwazi ukubona isithombe Virgil. Imbongi wayechazwa khona lembethe isembatho esimhlophe, futhi eduze kwalo babe kushukumisa umlando nobuhlungu. ubuso Virgil sika uvezwa elula njengoba kamuva ukuchaza ababemgxeka etemibhalo mlando - "ongumlimi", kodwa egqamile kakhulu futhi soulful.

Igama eliphelele imbongi omkhulu - Publius Vergilius Maro. Wazalwa ngonyaka 70 BC. e. edolobhaneni elincane eduze Mantua emndenini umninindlu sika. Njengoba lizungezwe izwe imvelo Italy futhi abalimi zikhuthele yakhulela abathanda nokuhlonipha umsebenzi kumuntu ovamile. Ezemfundo, imbongi esizayo etholwe Milan neRoma. Kamuva, cishe kwakuyihora eRoma kuzodala inkondlo abakhaliphile Virgil ( "Aeneid", sifinyeto engatholwa esihlokweni).

Ngemva ukufa kwanoma uyise imbongi wabuyela Manor lwakubo ukuthatha indawo zomphathi waso. Ngenxa yalokho yezimpi zombango inxuluma izokhetheka, futhi Virgil - abadingisiwe basuke emzini wakhe.

Ngo-30 BC. e. eshicilelwe iqoqo "Bukoliki", okuyinto abanesifiso Jilin siyazi noGayu Maecenas. Kamuva bayokhululwa incwadi "Georgics", ngemva kwalokho umsebenzi omkhulu izoqaliswa - inkondlo of Virgil "Aeneid." Lo msebenzi uyonika imbongi eyishumi yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe.

Kafushane mayelana nomkhiqizo

Lwenza inkondlo enkulu Virgil "Aeneid" kweyishumi. Master abaningi izikhathi okushintshiwe umsebenzi wakhe, ngezinye izikhathi kokushintsha zayo yonke.

Wokuveza ukuthi babekuphi enkondlweni njengoba namaqiniso futhi ngangokunokwenzeka, umbhali uya ethathe lolu hambo. iPlani lakhe kwaba ukuvakashela emadolobheni amaningi Greece nase-Asia, kodwa uhambo lwakhe kunqamule ukugula, ngemva kwalokho 19 BC. e. Virgil wafa. Noma kunjalo, imbongi brilliant wakwazi ukwakha is kulo umsebenzi izwe elalaziwa, ukutshala konke ulwazi lwabo futhi umphefumulo.

imithombo aphathelene nezinganekwane "Aeneid" Virgil

Kuyaziwa ukuthi le nkondlo okukhulu kwaba ngaphansi nsuku basezinganekwaneni ezaziwayo. Kukholakala ukuthi umlando travel Eneya kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ngisho LamaRoma futhi namanye amasiko. Kamuva, lapho isandla ningukukhanya imbongi engumGreki Stesichorus futhi Dionisiya Galikarnasskogo, Eneya kwaba umsunguli eRoma. Le nganekwane of onesibindi nsizwa sase sisakazwe kabanzi ukuthi liphefumulelwe Virgil. "Aeneid" yadalwa ngesisekelo nganekwane, kodwa ngokuphelele sokusebenza ngokuzijamela. Le ndlela ka ezihlukile yokuqala, iqukethe ngokwako njengoba amaqiniso angokomlando, tinganekwane ngempela izenzakalo, kanye nesitayela lombhali, kuyalungiswa ngesakhiwo uhamba kanye nezinhlamvu ukuphila okungavamile.

Kufanele futhi ukuthi amaRoma ayengadumile sacredly ahlonishwe inkumbulo Eneya. Imikhaya eminingi ahlukile obuzama ukuletha imvelaphi yabo lokhu iqhawe. Ngakho, bafuna ukuvuma ukuthi bayinzalo onkulunkulu, ngoba wayeyindodana Eneya, unkulunkulukazi Venus.

IThrojani inganekwane umjikelezo

isisekelo eyinsumansumane Virgil sika inkondlo "Aeneid" - uchungechunge izinganekwane iThrojani. On isisekelo yabo "Iliad" futhi "Odyssey" zikaHomer. It imayelana nezinganekwane amane usitshele ekuqaleni yaseTroy neMpi, ukubhujiswa kaTroy isiphetho esizayo izinhlamvu.

Inganekwane yokuqala, "Peleus futhi Thetis" imayelana umshado unkulunkulukazi ulwandle kanye ofayo. Ngesikhathi ukugubha babizwa bonke abakhileyo Olympus, kodwa isimemo awuthunyelwanga unkulunkulukazi izingxabano Iridium. Ehlanyiswe intukuthelo futhi intukuthelo asithatha apula egolide etafuleni lapho nonkulunkulukazi bobathathu kwakungamadodana: Athena (Minerva), Hera (Juno) kanye Aphrodite (Venus). On the apula Wawuthi: "The enhle kakhulu." Yiqiniso, unkulunkulukazi waqala phikisana ngubani wabeka lesi sipho. Bacelwa ukuba wahlulele abasha iThrojani-Paris, futhi elingwa ukuthola nesithembiso Aphrodite, ngowesifazane omuhle kunabo, wamnika i-apula. nezinye nebozhitelnitsy ababili wazonda zombili Paris, nomuzi wayo. Kamuva, Paris entshontsha inkosikazi enhle kakhulu ezweni lasendulo - inkosikazi yenkosi Spartan Elena. Umyeni wakhe, ayehlome ngokusekelwa nonkulunkulukazi ezimbili kabi, ukuya empini nge Troy, ulichithe.

Yingakho kuvela ungathandi Hera-Juno ukuba Eneya, indodana ka-Aphrodite. Imiphumela yalokhu ubutha Uchazwa kahle e inkondlo yakhe, Virgil. "Aeneid", sifinyeto okuyinto izincwadi esizifundayo uzokutshela mayelana nezingqinamba izinkathazo okwadingeka abhekane umlingisi lomcoka.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Ososayensi abaningi baye babuza ukuthi kungani Virgil wafuna ashise "Aeneid."

It kuvela ukuthi lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokunyathelisa, ngokuvamile ngakho zabuyela ke ngokushintsha amagama ambalwa, ngisho ingxenye uhlaka. Lapho Virgil wagula futhi wathatha embhedeni wakhe, ngangingenayo amandla ukuze aqhubeke ukusebenza ngenkondlo. Kwakubonakala kuye lingaphelele noma engaphelele. Esikhathini rush mad wokunganeliseki ngokwabo futhi amakghonwabo imbongi omkhulu wamaRoma wafuna ashise indalo yakho. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo ukuthi kungani yena akazange. Mhlawumbe emiswa abangane, noma mhlawumbe wacabanga kangcono ngayo yena, nendlela, ngenhlanhla, isikhumbuzo ngokubabazekayo izincwadi Roman walondolozwa.

Ukufana nazo imisebenzi Homeric

Virgil inkondlo "Aeneid" yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili, ngasinye izincwadi eziyisithupha.

Ingxenye yokuqala ekhuluma ngendawo Ukuzula hero - Eneya. Lapha abahlaziyi bemibhalo uvame ukudweba ukufana nazo Homer sika "Odyssey". Eneya njengoba Odysseus wabuya iThrojani neMpi, kanye nenkosi yakwa-Ithaca, yena uzama ukusindisa imikhumbi yakhe ngokumelene intando yonkulunkulu kabi kuso. Ufuna ukuthola ukuthula hhayi ukuba azulazule emhlabeni wonke.

Enye mkhuba ezivamile - kuba isihlangu indaba ephathwayo ezinkondlweni. Ngo Homer "Iliad" Achilles isihlangu ikhokhwe yonke ingoma, futhi ngo-Virgil esahlukweni eziyisishiyagalombili engxenyeni yesibili uhlala isihlangu Eneya izithombe ezinemininingwane, okubonisa base eRoma. Esikhathini izincwadi zokuqala eziyisithupha uzobe wachaza Ukuzula hero by olwandle nasezweni, ukuhlala kwakhe inkosikazi waseCarthage Dido, zokuziphatha imfuno Mezhuyev phezu intando nezifiso zabo siqu.

Ingxenye yesibili lunikezelwe onkulunkulu baseRoma, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa 'Iliad. " Likhuluma ngamaphathi impi entsha, okuzodingeka ukulwa Eneya, futhi ukungenela emandleni aphakeme.

Ingxenye yokuqala

Virgil inkondlo "Aeneid", sifinyeto okuyinto sethula kuya ukunakwa wakho uqala ukuba uhlobo yendabuko "Solo". It libhekisela Muses imbongi futhi utshela ngosizi Eneya, nendaba esikhulume ngayo kwaba lolaka unkulunkulukazi Juno (e zamaGreki - Hera). Kube sekulandela indaba wonkulunkulu engu-heroes ngokuvamile kakhulu owehla evela Olympus emhlabathini. Baya abesifazane ofayo, ukuze wazala amadodana abo. Goddess futhi Akazange akhononde sabantu abafayo. Okukhishwayo babe Thetis (esesikhundleni umfelandawonye umuntu ofayo ozalwa Achilles) futhi u-Aphrodite, owakuzala Eneya, okuzoxoxwa.

Isenzo nkondlo isifikisa ebusweni kolwandle, okuyinto dissects protagonist umkhumbi. Aphinde abhukude abuyele kuwo umuzi abasha waseCarthage. Kodwa Juno isesikhathini futhi ithumela bahlaselwa isiphepho esinzima. Omunye isinyathelo ekufeni Eneya ukuhlenga iqembu Neptune, ngubani okubize lokhu esandleni ukwenza ungunina hero - Venus. Ngokuyisimangaliso lokusinda imikhumbi eshayelwa i ogwini engaziwa. It kuvela ukuthi kuba ugu lwasempumalanga Afrika nasezweni Queen Dido, owafika lapha eFenike, lapho bacishe babulawa ezandleni umfowabo waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele. Wabe evusa idolobha ngokubabazekayo eCarthage, maphakathi okuyinto kukhanya ithempeli zasebukhosini Juno.

Dido kuthatha ngababaleki ngokuthula futhi silungiselela emkhosini, lapho Eneya, umxhwele ubuhle abayeni Queen, iyalandisa yaseTroy neMpi futhi ezinsukwini zokugcina kaTroy. Uchaza indlela uhlakaniphile lo Achaeans (amaGreki) ngidalé sibalo edumile ihhashi iThrojani futhi kufihlwe ngaphakathi "isipho", ebusuku vuleka sango Troy ngaphandle kwegazi. Ngakho futhi sibona ukufana nazo "Iliad" Homer sika e-Virgil. "Aeneid" kunoma isiphi isimo akusho ukukopisha amaGreki, kodwa kuphela esekelwe hhayi izinganekwane efanayo izinkondlo zakhe.

Ebusuku Eneya ubona amaphupho okuphazamisayo lapho iziprofetho kusahlangene unezinkumbulo: unina Venus Eneya kwasindisa indodana yakhe nobaba omdala. Nabo, hero yethu aphinde abhukude abuyele kude Troy, kodwa lokho ogwini induku - Angazi. Yonke indawo izithiyo, okuyinto ubeka isandla Juno okubi. Eminyakeni eyisithupha Ukuzula ngempoqo Eneya ulinde eziningi nezinkinga futhi ebulalayo. Kuyinto aphunyuke emzini, itheleleke ngesifo, insindiso ezilo ezimbili ulwandle - Scylla futhi Charybdis. iqhawe Desperate ufuna indlela iziprofetho kubabhuli, kodwa izibikezelo zabo badidekile. Omunye ubikezela wokubusa kwakhe eRoma, abanye - ukufa endlaleni ka yonke le mikhumbi. Ihamba isigamu ubhujiswe, amasosha ithemba, futhi kwelinye amatheku befa ubaba omdala Anchises. Indaba iphela Juno sa phansi isiphepho.

Dido ngokulalelwa zombi- futhi uyazwelana Eneya. Phakathi kwabo Kugqashuka umuzwa oqinile. Nature igcina umbani akhe akhanya eliqhathanisa imbongi izimbaqa lomshado. Umuzwa umbhangqwana uyaqaphela ngesikhathi ekuzingeleni kulesi siphepho. Ukubona Eneya ku "Aeneid" Virgil kubonakala ngokucacile kwembulwe imizwa indlovukazi iCarthage. Sibona hhayi kuphela neqhawe onesibindi futhi umholi weqiniso, kodwa futhi indoda ngothando okwaziyo anikezwe ngayo yonke inhliziyo yami.

Kodwa uthando ayenzelwe ukuba ndawonye. Jupiter ngaphambilini Eneya ngomkhumbi eya eRoma eyisiboshwa. The hero akafuni ke, afuna ukuhlala nge othandekayo wakhe, kodwa uyazi ukuthi angeke simelane ukuthi iyini intando yonkulunkulu. Dido, ngemuva kokubona postpones insika imikhumbi Eneya, odlula enkembeni.

The hero elinde Ukuzula olwengeziwe. Eduze unkosikazi Sicily sika umlilo amatilosi imikhumbi kubayeni babo bahamba ngomkhumbi besuka kubo. Eneya elahlekile ngemikhumbi emine, kodwa namanje ixazululwe endleleni onkulunkulu. E-Italy, ebonana umprofethikazi, olulithumela eHayidese eHayidese, kuyise Anchises. Nguye kuphela ongabhubhisa uveze yonke inzalo ka-hero.

Eneya esehlela eHayidesi, lapho ebona amabutho akhe efile nabathandwayo Dido isilonda olunegazi, esifubeni, olubheka lokuthuka, kodwa akazange akhulume naye. Ukuthola umoya kayise, uyaqaphela ukuthi inzalo yakhe ezimiselwe ukusungula edolobheni enkulu phakade yehle emlandweni. Ukubuyela phansi, Eneya efunda kulokho okusuke Sibyl Ukuzula wakhe uqhubeke umhlaba. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka ingxenye yokuqala inkondlo yakhe Virgil. "Aeneid" iyaqhubeka e izincwadi ezilandelayo.

"Aeneid." Isifinyezo yesibili

Ekuqaleni ingxenye amasosha neligwadulekile yesibili ukuqhubeka nohambo lwabo baze bayeke eduze Latium. Lapha adle imifino okugazingiwe, wawabeka phezu flat breads. Lapho abahambi adle futhi amakhekhe, indodana protagonist jokes: "Ngakho-ke badla amatafula." Eneya Imangele othukayo, uyakhumbula isiprofetho, esho "amatafula ukuziluma yindlala." Manje hero uyazi ukuthi efikile emgomweni wakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nkondlo Virgil sika "Aeneid" ugcwele umqondo ezingaqondakali bokubikezela nokuprofetha.

Gidi ukuthi wayebathulisile lifika lapho laliya khona kwakhe, Eneya, ithumela izithunywa enkosini ekucela isandla indodakazi yakhe. ngokujabula Wamukela isiphakamiso Ngokuba yena uyazazi isibikezelo, othi inzalo ka indodakazi yakhe futhi noma isiphi isihambi ezimiselwe anqobe ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni futhi ukusungula umbuso onamandla.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi Eneya kanye namadoda akhe empi balinde ukuthula nokuzola. Kodwa Juno akusho ukulala futhi ithumela emthunzini impi Latium. amasosha Eneya ngephutha ukubulala inyamazane kuka kubangele Zihlazisa inkosi Latina. Ngaphandle kwabacasula isicelo anqatshelwe isandla uLavinia Thurn mayelana ukuya empini ngokumelene engqubuzanayo Eneya.

Venus ucela unkulunkulu Hephaestus ukudala zempi eliqinile le-Eneya. Nkulunkulu wensimbi kwakha isihlangu enamandla, oluveza umlando waseRoma. Lesi sivikelo unikeza omningi isikhala enkondlweni Virgil. "Aeneid" (isifinyezo sezinto izahluko, ngeshwa, ayinikeze incazelo ephelele isihlangu) usikhombisa esizayo futhi esikhathini esidlule-Rome anamandla.

Ukuqala impi entsha. Ukugcwaliswa nkondlo

Nakuba hero yethu imatasa ngamalungiselelo nempi ezayo, Thurn ngesinyelela livela labaqaphi elingemuva. Kodwa amaqhawe amabili avela kwabawayo Troy - Euryalus futhi Nisus - belibangise ngokusebenzisa lesitha ebusuku lot yokupaka ukuxwayisa Eneya. Ngobusuku kwakubonakala ukubasiza, inyanga efihlekile ngemuva amafu ayinikezi wokukhanya. Lonke ikamu isitha shí ubuthongo, kanye Amasosha eshiya emizimbeni buthule efile zezitha. Kodwa Braves awunaso isikhathi kusempondo zankomo, futhi ukuqonda Euryale futhi Nisus kuphambene amaqhawe angamakhulu amathathu, kodwa ukufa okulesithunzi.

Juno inhales bezobuka amandla akhe aphezulu, kodwa yababa willfulness wakhe Jupiter kukhawula amandla ako. Juno futhi Venus ngentukuthelo, omunye akhombe omunye ngenxa sincumo lomunye impi futhi basuke bezimisele ukusiza izintandokazi zabo. ingxabano yabo eyeka uJupiter uthi uma kuqala impi, bese imdedela entandweni ukudalelwa. Lichaza isikhundla wonkulunkulu Virgil. "Aeneid" futhi libonisa okubi kwabo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, nonesihawu. Ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, benza nje sengathi abantu belalela imizwa yakhe.

Wabuyela lamabutho ka hero wethu, futhi kwemphi lematima iqala. Thurn ubulala umlekeleli nomngane oseduze Eneya Palant futhi waphuphuthekisa ukunqoba kwesikhashana, kuthatha nebhande lakhe. Eneya ungena shí empini futhi cishe qhebeza phezulu hambo, kodwa Juno ungenela futhi ivikela ke.

Impi iye phambili abulala amasosha amaningi ayakufanelekela. Falls ehlaselwa umcibisholo amahle Amazons Camilla. Eneya ngenkemba futhi Mezentius Loves - Ubaba nendodana. Dying, they buza yokungcwaba ndawonye.

Ikhalela nemasotja engcono futhi banake ubudala Latina Thurn kuyinto ukubhekana Eneya. It unikeza hhayi ukulwa, futhi kubuthene duel. Uma uyosibonisa Eneya, washiya kwalo mhlaba, futhi abaphikisi kuzothatha. Eneya uyakuvuma azikutholi kuthula yesikhashana, kodwa ngokuzumayo ukhozi esibhakabhakeni uhlasela umhlambi ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi. Brave inyoni umhlambi evikelwe, washaya ukhozi uyandiza. I uyahlanya ubudala imihlola Latina ukumemeza ukuthi lokhu kuwuphawu yokunqoba kwabo abeza bezobuka aliphonse umkhonto angena ekamu lesitha. Nalapha iboshelwe impi phakathi kwezinhloko zamaviyo.

Zonke-ke ebona Olympus Juno futhi Jupiter wacela ukuba ungamenzi Trojans ukuphoqelela amasiko abo futhi Italy uvumele igama Troy wafa kanye edolobheni liwile. Njengenkosi yonkulunkulu uyavuma futhi uthi kuzo zonke izizwe ozozalwa bantu futhi oveet udumo lwayo emhlabeni wonke.

Empini ngokugcwele ekugcineni batholane baphinde Eneya Thurn. Bona izingxenye empini yokugcina, futhi iziteleka njengokuduma kwezulu. Esibhakabhakeni ngenhla anamandla emi-Jupiter, ubambe ibhalansi nge izimpilo izinhlamvu. Ngemva komvimbo wokuqala umkhonto amakhefu Turna bakhiwa isihlangu Hephaestus-Vulcan, ngaziphahlaza abaphikisi uwela ethangeni. Eneya ilungele awabulale yena, kwamfaka inkemba yakhe, kodwa isitha yakhe icela sa uyise ubudala. Eneya wayeka, kodwa amehlo akhe abona izikhathi Palant tour. Futhi walikhumbula wabulala omunye, ulwa isitha ukufa. Le ndaba emfushane zokugcina iphela inkondlo Virgil sika.

Ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo

"Aeneid" Virgil, isiko kanye emisha, okuyizinto eduze okwakuthandelene futhi ebonakala nolimi, ngempela kakhulu lesichubekako ngesikhathi sako. inkondlo beNdabuko isikhalo izinganekwane deku icebo iphendula, kanye oyiyo nokusetshenziswa kokujwayelekile isingeniso lyrical nekheli emfushane umfundi kwachazwa izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuqamba Works Ingumfanekiso hero - Eneya. Ngokungafani izinkondlo yeqhawe eyabhalwa "Aeneid", lapho abalingiswa ngobuqotho kakhulu, bangempela. Eneya ngokwakhe hhayi kuphela iqhawe anesibindi, kuyinto - umngane othembekile, ubaba omuhle futhi nendodana efanelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlali oyiqhawe ikwazi ukubonisa uthando. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuba ukuthi iyini intando yonkulunkulu ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela Dido yakhe ethandekayo, sisuke sizisola ngobuqotho futhi akafuni ukushiya.

Baningi impela zezinkinga evusa "Aeneid" by Virgil. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-nkondlo kubenzima, kusukela mkhiqizo enezici futhi ihlanganisa eziningi imibono. Indawo ebalulekile umsebenzi isihloko siprofetho. Abalingiswa bezulu bakholwe futhi benze njengobe kuvetwe emculwini vulamehlo amazwi abo futhi ababoni. Futhi ngisho noma abanye kubo abakholelwa isiprofetho, kuyoba yayisazogcwaliseka. Kodwa konke lapha ligcwele okuqukethwe ukuhluka kunangesikhathi "Odyssey" zikaHomer. Enkondlweni, igama lesiGreki enkulu kwabikezelwa ku ukuhlupheka kuka-Odyssey, kanye "Aeneid" iqhawe labiketela hhayi phetho, nenjongo yayo - ukusungula umbuso omusha omkhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Eneya ukudabula eziningi izinkinga ezimbi, lokhu akusho ukuthi flinch, uyahamba umgomo wakhe.

Ithonya intando yonkulunkulu on isiphetho yomuntu hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi sonke isizwe ngokwesiko endabeni imisebenzi laseRoma lasendulo. Nokho, e-"Aeneid" ke liba nencazelo entsha. Lapha onkulunkulu kungukuthi kuphela ngifuna inzuzo yabo ngesimo wayenenhlonipho amathempeli ukwakha, kodwa futhi akwazi ukuzwelana futhi bayazwelana namaqhawe ofayo nabantu, okuyinto abasekela.

Futhi uzinake iyona uhambo Eneya embusweni ngaphasi kwephasi Pluto. Isihloko ngokwawo ngempela bendabuko, kodwa innovative bezibona ngigeza iqhawe akubonile nakuzwile kwesiprofetho kayise eHayidese.

esikhundleni iziphetho

Inkondlo "Aeneid" - kuyinto umsebenzi oludumile ngisho esiqine izincwadi nezobuciko. Umsebenzi eduze okwakuthandelene isiphetho womuntu kanye isiphetho wezizwe lonke, izimpi kanye emphilweni abalingiswa, zobungane nothando, isifiso ezilula wobuntu kanye intando yonkulunkulu, injongo ephakeme.

Eminyakeni eyishumi wabhala inkondlo brilliant Virgil. "Aeneid" izahluko e inguqulo ithi ngempela kalula. Inkondlo kuyoba ezithakazelisayo kunoma ubani ofuna ukwazi umlando kanye namasiko laseRoma lasendulo.