Formula polypropylene. Izakhiwo nokusebenzisa polypropylene

Futhi polymers ezenziwe ngale zinto, izinto zasekhaya kanye izesekeli - lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile embonini kanye lokuphila kwabantu e-jikelele. Izinto ezingokwemvelo, ngeshwa, kanzima mpilo ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele ufunde synthesize izinto yokufakelwa ukuthi babe eziningana izici ezibalulekile lobuchwepheshe. Omunye walena uwukuba polypropylene. ifomula Chemical lokhu kwakwakhe, ikakhulukazi impahla yayo futhi isakhiwo engqamuzaneni ezocatshangelwa esihlokweni.

Nokunye okuningi - incazelo jikelele

Lesi sigaba compounds phakathi labo ubazisa kakhulu isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa polymers - ayizakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi organic aqukethe amaningi monomer latiphindzako amayunithi, okungaba kusukela amashumi amaningana amakhulu, izinkulungwane noma izigidi.

Amaqembu elandelayo ingase zihlukaniswa phakathi kwazo zonke polymers:

1. umsuka Yemvelo - amaprotheni, nucleic acid molecule ATP, nokunye.
2. Artificial - nalezo zisekelwe zemvelo, kodwa ziye amakhemikhali lushintshwe ukuze sithuthukise ukusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, rubbers yokufakelwa.
3. Zokwenziwa - labo zidalwe kuphela zamakhemikhali, zamagama e-laboratory kanye ukukhiqizwa isitshalo. Lapha zibonelo izindwangu zokwenziwa yemisipha, polyethylene, zokwenziwa rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene nabanye.

Zonke izinkambu zimakwe iqembu polymers - i izinto ezibalulekile zezimboni zokusetshenziswa for nokulungiselela kanye ukukhiqizwa imishini ehlukahlukene, izinto zasekhaya, glassware, amathoyizi, ifenisha kanye nezinye izinto.

Abameleli beNdikimba zokwenziwa polymers ebaluleke kakhulu

Ifomula amakhemikhali omunye abameleli ebaluleke kakhulu zokwenziwa polymers kulotshiwe njengoba (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) _n. Lokhu polyethylene. izindawo yakhe yokusetshenziswa zaziwa. Lokhu izidingo zasendlini (yezitolo ifilimu), nezezimboni, nezimboni zokudla (impahla ukupakisha). Nokho, yize-ke yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi, kodwa hhayi ummeleli kuphela kubalulekile kubantu. Kungaphinde kufake polymers ezifana:

• PVC;
• polypropylene;
• polyisobutylene;
• polystyrene;
• Teflon;
• polyvinyl acetate, nabanye.

Kuyinto ebhizinisini ukwakhiwa, futhi ngokwenza Cookware ufeza kwaziswa kubalulekile indima ezifana polypropylene. Ngakho-ke, it is eminye cabangela izici zayo kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali umbono.

polypropylene Formula

Ngokombono isayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, ukubunjwa ketshezi ungaboniswa tinhlobo letehlukene amafomula. Inketho yokuqala ifomu yamangqamuzana lokubhala. Kulokhu ifomula Kunjengoba polypropylene (C ₃ H _{6) n.} Kugcine polimerazatsii n degree, isb isibalo amayunithi ezihlelekile macrochain kokuqala.

Leli rekhodi uphakamisa Ukwakheka qualitative ambalwa engqamuzaneni. Polypropene siqukethe carbon ne-hydrogen athomu, futhi inani labo monomer Phiko ngokulandelana elilingana 3/6, futhi lelo ketanga Imininingwane incike Inkomba n. Uma sikhuluma isakhiwo enkompolo, ku-oda zama-athomu engqamuzaneni ke udinga uhlobo ezehlukene zokuqopha impahla.

Polypropylene: ifomula kwesakhiwo

Qopha Uhlobo, elibonisa oda izibopho-athomu e-molecule, ngokuthi ifomula kwesakhiwo. Ukuze izinto kubhekwe lapha ke kuyodingeka ifomu: (CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n. Ngokusobala, Valence Atoms ezivamile kwamakhemikhali organic futhi lugcinwa kuleli cala. Formula polypropylene noma polypropene libonisa onjani monomer iyunithi esitholakala kwakwakhe. Kumiswa It is kusukela i unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) propene noma propene. ifomula wayo enokwehla: C ₃ H _8.

I monomer kokuqala

Le formula for ukuthola monomer polypropylene kanje: (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -). Uma lokhu isinqamu okuphindaphindiwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu, sithola yonke macromolecule, i-polymer zokwenziwa, okuyinto kubhekwa izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siye kakade waveza ukuthi zonke izinto sokuqala ngoba ukusabela polymerization kufanele kubhekwe alkene evamile - propene. He is polypropylene monomer. ifomula Bezakhiwe bayolotshwa phansi njengoba CH ₃ -CH = CH _2. Ngezinye ikhefu oyifunayo double isibopho moiety imiswe phakathi neminyaka polymerization. Lokho efanayo monomer iyunithi, okuyinto ngokuphinda amafomu a macromolecule polymer.

Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali

Polypropylene ifomula (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n likhomba izici zayo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Sibala kwamasonto ayinhloko.

1. Izakhiwo zanoma polymer: 0.91 g / cm ^3, kanzima, nemihuzuko nemithi, lungekho ukugqwala. White, opaque. Ayikho iphunga. Ngo amanzi, ezihogelwayo okushisa abavamile zingaxazululeki. Lapho Inkomba ngenhla 100 ⁰ C ziyoncibilika hydrocarbon compounds. Iqala ukuthambisa ngemva 140 ⁰ C, at 170 ⁰ C liyancibilika. It has ukushisa kanye ukumelana ezibandayo.
2. izakhiwo Chemical. Ngokombono walaba umsebenzi, polypropene akunakubangelwa material kakhulu inert. Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuthatha kuphela oxidants namandla ngokukhethekile: kabi nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, halogens asebenzayo (sasekhaya, chlorine). Njengoba amanzi engahambisani nhlobo, ngisho noma kushisa ephakeme. Njengoba umoya-mpilo kuphela iyaphendula phezu ngemisebe nge ultraviolet, kuhambisana nokucekelwa phansi polymer. I ezihogelwayo nge okwandisa izinga lokushisa esinobudlova silokhu sanda futhi uncibilike.

izakhiwo ezithile akunakubangelwa izici ezibonakalayo ukuthi isetshenziswa umkhakha. Nokho, akuwona wonke ama-polypropylene efanayo. Kukhona ekhethekile izithasiselo stabilizers zazo edalwe usebenzisa amamaki ezahlukene polymer enixoxa ngalo.

Material Imininingwane

Kungenzeka ukuqoka izakhiwo eziningana eziyisisekelo emimoya polypropylene impahla. Izimpawu ezilandelayo yayo:

1. Lapho Ukushisa uyakwazi ncibilika ukuthambisa ngaphambili.
2. Kube has conduction izakhiwo.
3. Udarostoek, bafake okuhlala.
4. Amelana nemihuzuko.
5. Aging lapho zihlatshwa yilanga nomoya-mpilo, kodwa inqubo ngokwanele kancane.
6. Njengoba i-polymer iqina has a isisindo yamangqamuzana encane.
7. Has a emhlophe, angenisa ukukhanya, ayinakho ukunambitheka noma ukuhogela.
8. Uma amandla omlilo akusho bungakhiphi izinto eziyingozi, lukhipha ngephunga ukukhanya ezimibalabala.
9. Kuyinto nezimo, eziqinile, amelana izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene yokungcola.
10. It has ukushisa kanye frost.

Zonke izinkambu zimakwe polypropylene njengoba izakhiwo impahla ukwenza kube efanelekayo ezihlukahlukene izidingo. Kulula ukusebenzisa, kulula ukuzigcina futhi asebenzise umkhuba yimuphi umkhakha wezomnotho.

Sekukonke, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo emithathu eyinhloko le nto:

• attaktichesky;
• syndiotactic;
• isotactic.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo - kuba isakhiwo kwezendawo engqamuzaneni. Ngokucacile - amaqembu methyl lapha. Futhi Ukucaciswa nethonya elihle kakhulu izithasiselo, inani monomer amayunithi macrostructure.

Ukukhiqiza impahla noma ngesimo luyimbudumbudu crystalline isakhiwo noma ifomu zemicu, amashidi.

Izindawo yokusetshenziswa

polypropylene ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukukhiqizwa amafilimu ahlukahlukene, iziqukathi emabhokisini iziqukathi ukudla. Kungenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile ibizwa eyenziwe izinkomishi plastic kanye nezinye izinto tableware zalutho. Lokhu kwaziswa esetshenziselwa ukwenza okuhlala, amelana ejenti zamakhemikhali polypropylene amapayipi amapayipi.

It isetshenziswa ukudala izinto shumonepronitsaemyh. ngethephu enamathelayo - liphinde omunye polypropylene izinhlobo.

impahla Attaktichesky isetshenziswa ukwenza:

• mastics;
• anamathelayo;
• kokuvala;
• amateyipu ingcina;
• izindawo zokuhamba nokunye.

Inani elikhulu polypropylene amashidi, endwangwini, eshiya womshini amathoyizi, zokubhala, izinto zasekhaya nezimpahla zasendlini.