Uyini naphakathi esiswini, futhi ngesilinganiso kuka

Ukugaya - kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi multistage inqubo bokuphila lapho ukudla (ungumthombo wamandla nezakhi ingeyomzimba), etholwe ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, sibhekana ukwelashwa mechanical futhi amakhemikhali.

Ikakhulukazi inqubo ukugaya

Ukugaya kuhlanganisa mechanical (ogelezayo nokumanzisa futhi ukugaya) kanye kabusha zamakhemikhali. Iyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yamakhemikhali kuhlanganisa eziningi izigaba ezilandelanayo yehlukanise izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze izakhi lula, abese angena egazini.

Iphuma ne iqhaza oyisibopho enzyme ukuthi ukusheshisa izinqubo emzimbeni. I yelikhono ezivezwa nezindlala wokugaya ukudla futhi ingxenye ayo ethakwa yibo. enzyme Ezemfundo kuncike hlobo naphakathi esiswini, ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kanye nezinye izingxenye ipheshana yesisu isethelwe ngesinye isikhathi.

Bephumelele umlomo, pharynx kanye kuqhoqhoqho, ukudla kuya esiswini njengoba inhlanganisela liquid particulate namazinyo ukudla okuqinile. Le nhlanganisela kwaba ngaphansi kwethonya juice esiswini ku-mass liquid-semi ketshezi okuyinto kahle exubile ngenxa peristalsis izindonga. Okulandelayo kuba duodenum, lapho ukuhlelwa enzyme.

Ubunjalo ukudla incike lapho ulimu emlonyeni esiswini Kumiswa. Ngokuvamile, in the ngomlomo ingaphakathi imvelo alkalescent. Neziphuzo zezithelo kanye zinciphisa temlomo ketshezi pH (3.0) kanye kumiswa isimo asidi. Imikhiqizo equkethe ammonium kanye urea (menthol, ushizi, amantongomane), ngamathe kungaholela ukusabela ane-alikhali (pH 8,0).

Isakhiwo esiswini

Isisu - isitho ozwakala lapho ukudla kugcinwa, kancane kugaywe futhi wafunda. Isitho etholakala engxenyeni engaphezulu komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Uma sithola umugqa mpo ngokusebenzisa inkaba futhi ubambo yezinyoni, cishe 3/4 isisu kwesokunxele ke. Kubantu abadala, ivolumu isisu ngokwesilinganiso 2-3 amalitha. Nakuba oqothulayo eliningi ukudla likhula, futhi uma abantu balambile - sinciphile.

Ukuma esiswini ingahluka ngokuhambisana ukugcwaliswa yayo ukudla amagesi kanye kuye ngokuthi isimo kwezitho elingumakhelwane: amanyikwe, isibindi, amathumbu. Ubujamo isisu kuthinte ithoni kwezingange zawo.

Esiswini kuyingxenye eyisikhathi ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Emnyango isicubu sphincter (umphini pyloric) - yeNgxenye ulahlekile ukudla kusukela emphinjeni zingene esiswini. Ingxenye eyayiseduze isayithi kwesango emphinjeni, ngokuthi inhliziyo. Ukuze kwesokunxele wakhe kuyinto phansi isisu. Phakathi ingxenye ibizwa ngokuthi "umzimba esiswini."

Phakathi antral (yebo) isitho kanye duodenum kungenye umlindisango. ukuvulwa kanye lokuvala ukulawula Its ezishukumisa chemical ukhululeka emathunjini amancane.

Izici isakhiwo odongeni isisu

Udonga esiswini uphahlwe enezingxenye ezintathu. Isendlalelo kwangaphakathi - lokhu mucosa. It yakha emphethweni, futhi bonke ubuso embozwe nezindlala (kukhona mayelana 35 million) akhiqiza esiswini acid, ama-enzyme eyenzelwe ukucutshungulwa chemical ukudla. Umsebenzi lezi nezindlala ukuthi yiziphi naphakathi esiswini - ane-alikhali noma esidi - Kumiswa nenkathi ethile.

Submucosa has a isakhiwo kuhle obukhulu lwangena impumuzo futhi imithambo yegazi.

Isendlalelo wesithathu kuyinto emgodleni eqinile equkethe imicu bushelelezi ezidingekayo ukuze kusebenziswe futhi push ukudla.

esiswini Ngaphandle embozwe igobolondo obukhulu - peritoneum.

Esiswini juice: netimphawu

Iqhaza main at the stage of ukugaya kudlala juice esiswini. I nezindlala isisu zahlukahlukene e isakhiwo, kodwa indima esemqoka kwetinhlavu esiswini uketshezi play amaseli secreting pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid izidakamizwa mucoid (isikhwehlela).

juice kokudla ketshezi uncoloured ayinaphunga futhi ukuthi yiziphi aphakathi kufanele ibe esiswini. Uye a liphinyiselwe ene-asidi. Lolu cwaningo ku ukuthola pathologies nekhono Easy ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi imvelo likhona ingenalutho (ukuzila ukudla) esiswini. Lokhu ucabangela ukuthi asidi ejwayelekile ukudla juice kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme, kodwa luyanda kakhulu lapho inkanuko yobulili uketshezi.

Umuntu ukunamathela ukudla okuvamile emini ekhiqizwa 1.5-2.5 amalitha uketshezi esiswini. Inqubo eziyisisekelo ezenzeka esiswini - kuyinto wokuqhekeka kokuqala amaprotheni. Njengoba juice esiswini kuthinta uketshezi we yelikhono inqubo ukugaya, kuyacaca ukuthi hlobo luni imvelo enzyme esiswini bamatasa - i-acid.

Enzyme ezivezwa nezindlala we mucosa esiswini

Pepsin - enzyme ayisihluthulelo ijusi wokugaya ukudla, ohilelekile ukuwohloka amaprotheni. It kuveza isenzo hydrochloric acid esuka eyandulela yayo - pepsinogen. Pepsin imayelana 95% esiswini juice eqhekeza umsebenzi. Izinga umsebenzi wayo omkhulu, usho nezibonelo langempela 1 g le nto yanele ukuba amahora amabili ukugaya 50 kg amaqanda ubisi elimhlophe futhi curdle 100,000 amalitha.

Mucin (isikhwehlela esiswini) luyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi izinto wamaprotheni imvelaphi. Ihlanganisa mucosa esiswini phezu kwawo wonke umhlabathi futhi livikela ke esusela umonakalo mechanical kusuka autodigestion lokukwazi buthaka isenzo hydrochloric acid, ngamanye amagama - iwukudambisa.

Esiswini futhi lipase samanje - -enzyme ahlahlele amafutha. Esiswini lipase maloaktivna futhi ikakhulukazi kuthinta amafutha ubisi.

Okunye okumelwe ukucabangele ukuthi ifanelwe Ukukhuluma - kuthuthukisa ukumuncwa Vitamin B _12, biermerin. Khumbula ukuthi vitamin _B12 kuyadingeka ekudluliseni igazi elithwala umoya-mpilo.

Indima hydrochloric acid e ukugayeka

Hydrochloric acid oyenza enzyme esiswini kanye kusiza ukugaya amaprotheni ngoba ebangela ukuba sikhukhumale ziba ngcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, obulala amagciwane engena emzimbeni ngokudla. Hydrochloric acid ikhishwe ngemithamo emincane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi naphakathi esiswini, it is ziyoncibilika ukudla noma alinalutho.

Kodwa uketshezi yayo luncike isikhathi sosuku: ukusetha eliphansi uketshezi esiswini waphawula ngesikhathi kusuka 7 kuya ku-11 ekuseni, futhi esiphezulu - ebusuku. Ngezinye kokuthola ukudla esiswini acid uketshezi ziyashukumiseka ngokwandisa umsebenzi we vagus nerve esiswini distension namakhemikhali izingxenye ukumelana ukudla ku le mucosa.

Uyini naphakathi esiswini kubhekwa standard, kuyinsakavukela kanye nokusuka

Ukukhuluma ngalokho imvelo esiswini umuntu enempilo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ehlukile pH amagugu. Ngakho, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke kuyinto 0,86 pH, kanye ubuncane - 8.3. isilinganiso esivamile asidi esiswini esiswini esingenalutho ilingana 1.5-2.0; phezu engaphakathi ungqimba lwamafinyila inkomba pH 1,5-2,0, kuyilapho lokhu ungqimba ukujula - 7.0; ekupheleni esiswini kuyahlukahluka 1,3-7,4.

Izifo esiswini athuthukile ngenxa Ukungadli of acid neyolizatsii futhi ngqo kuncike uhlobo naphakathi esiswini. Kubalulekile ukuthi amagugu pH zazihlale evamile.

hypersecretion isikhathi eside hydrochloric acid noma kislotoneytralizatsiya engaphelele kuholela asidi ngo esiswini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthuthukisa zokugula asidi.

Okuphansi asidi nobuntu kolwelwesi hypoacid (gastroduodenitis), umdlavuza. Inkomba kolwelwesi ne asidi enciphile kuyinto 5,0 pH nokuningi. Lesi sifo ikakhulukazi eba lapho amaseli esiswini mucosa yoma noma ukungasebenzi yabo.

Kolwelwesi nge ukuntula ezinzima secretory

I zokugula kwenzeka iziguli yobudala ovuthiwe futhi eziphambili. Ngokuvamile kuba yesibili, ukuthi siqhamuka ku ngemuva kwenye, ngaphambi kokugula kwakhe (isib, ingozi izilonda esiswini) futhi umphumela wanoma isiphi naphakathi esiswini - ane-alikhali, kulesi simo.

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa kanye Yiqiniso lesi sifo libhekene ukungabikho seasonality ecacile kanye nokuvama exacerbations, ie isikhathi nesenzakalo yabo kanye nesikhathi esishintshashintshayo.

Izimpawu ze-ukuhluleka secretory

• nokubhamuka Constant ukunambitheka ebolile.
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza ngesikhathi sibi.
• I-anorexia (ukungakuthandi ukudla).
• Umuzwa ukusinda esifundeni epigastric.
• Kushintshana uhudo kanye ukuqunjelwa.
• Ukubuyisa, kwentaba kanye ukumpontshelwa esiswini.
• Ulahla syndrome: uzizwa isiyezi ngemva ukungenisa ukudla carbohydrate ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa irisidi okuseduze chyme kusukela esiswini phakathi duodenum, ukunciphisa umsebenzi esiswini.
• Ukuncipha komzimba (ukunciphisa mass kuze amakhilogremu ambalwa).

Gastrogennaya sohudo kungadalwa:

• ukudla maldigested ngokufaka esiswini;
• ukungalingani elibukhali inqubo Ukugaya wezokudla fibre;
• yashesha esiswini bethulula ephula sokuvalwa umsebenzi sphincter;
• ukwephulwa umsebenzi amagciwane;
• kwezinso kwamanyikwe.

Kolwelwesi nge uketshezi evamile noma iyokhushulwa

Lesi sifo landile intsha. It has a uhlamvu eyinhloko, okuwukuthi, izimpawu zokuqala zavele isiguli, njengasekuqaleni, wayengacabangi ukuthi ngaphakathi the ngcosana waveza kabi subjectively babezibheka enempilo. Lesi sifo kwenzeka nge kushintshana exacerbations phefu, ngaphandle seasonality evelele. Ukuze ubone ukuthi uphethwe ngqo kubalulekile ukubona udokotela, ukuze wamisa luhlolo, kuhlanganise ithuluzi.

Esigabeni acute, ubuswa ubuhlungu kanye syndromes dyspeptic. Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile kahle zixhunywe enye imidiya esiswini womuntu ngaleso sikhathi ngemva kwesidlo. Ubuhlungu syndrome kwenzeka cishe ngokushesha emva kokudla. ukuphazamisa Ngaphansi kokuzila ubuhlungu kamuva (ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukudla), kungenzeka ukuthi inhlanganisela yako.

Izimpawu ze-anda umsebenzi secretory

• Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile omnene, ngesinye isikhathi esihambisana nokukhithika ingcindezi nesisindo ku epigastrium.
• izinhlungu Late usubuzwa.
• Dyspeptic syndrome wabonakaliswa ukubhodla emoyeni "omuncu", ukunambitheka ezingemnandi emlonyeni, ukunambitha iziyaluyalu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza aqede ubuhlungu.
• Iziguli uhlangabezana isilungulela, ngezinye izikhathi olunzima.
• emathunjini dyspepsia syndrome owabonakaliswa uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa.
• Ngokuvamile uzwakalise syndrome Neurotic, libhekene ubudlova, imizwa yethu ishintshashintsha, ukuqwasha kanye pereutomlyaemostyu.