Emabito Amabhithi ephumelelayo. isigaba lucebe futhi lolimi emabito

Ibizo - iyingxenye ekhethekile kwenkulumo, elisho isihloko bese siveza leli nani e enjalo izigaba inflectional, njengoba kunjalo futhi nenombolo, kanye ngosizo uhlobo, kuyisigaba unomphela.

Lesi sihloko sixoxa ezingeni amabizo by value. Sizokwenza ukuchaza ngamunye nabo futhi anikeze izibonelo.

Ibizo libhekisela izinto ngomqondo ebanzi izwi: amagama izinto (sleds, sikelo, ibhokisi, udonga, itafula), abantu (indoda, owesifazane, umfana, intombazane, ingane), izinto (ukhilimu, ushukela, ufulawa), izinto eziphilayo futhi izidalwa ( bacterium, Pike, lesiqophamithi, ikati), izenzakalo, izenzakalo, amaqiniso (play, umlilo, iholide, ingxoxo, ukwesaba, ukudumala), kanye nendlela yenqubo kanye ukugxambukela izici, okuthiwa njengoba ehlukene izidakamizwa ezimele - izakhiwo, izinga, isimo, isenzo (wayichoboza isixazululo, egijima, blue, uyisiwula, umusa).

Basic isigaba lucebe futhi lolimi emabito

Izinga eliyisisekelo elandelayo, okuyinto zihlukaniswe emabito: 1) Emabitomvama nelungile; 2) impahla; 3) ngekubambisana; 4) longeke watibona netintfo longatibona, 5) ezingaphili futhi Animate. Lezi esithweni emabito enenjongo aphambana. amagama efanele, isibonelo, kungafaka amagama kokubili ezingaphili futhi vusa izinto. emabito Real asho nenqwaba into angase zinenani ngokuhlanganyela (ushukela, amagilebhisi, ama-cranberry). Specific (kokubili lucebe futhi lwetakhi telulwimi ezingeni) Animate kuhlanganiswe eziphilayo nezingaphili, ngokuthi ngamagama izinto kubhekwa. Kunezinye izibonelo. Nokho, igama elithi likhona elilodwa noma kwenye ezingeni incazelo amabizo abe morphological langempela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi igama-kumiswa izici ukuthi kubenza babe munye.

Emabitomvama nemabito efanele

Lesi sigaba kwenzekani ngesisekelo amagama into lapho omelele ikilasi noma njengomuntu ngamunye. Wayenalo kokubili isigaba lucebe futhi lolimi emabito (ngamanye amagama - "namabizoqho") - amagama ushayele izinto ngazinye ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu ekilasini eyohlobo, kodwa abekho ngokwabo ayebonisa le-accessory ye.

Emabitomvama - amagama, ukushaya isihloko ukufakwa kwakhe ekilasini elithile. Lokhu lucebe futhi lwetakhi telulwimi igama isigaba Ibizo lisho ngokwahlukana njengoba yenethiwekhi izifundo engavamile lokhu izimfanelo ekilasini.

Ingabe umngcele mobile engazinzile phakathi Emabitomvama namabizoqho: Emabitomvama ngokuvamile ungumnikazi (amagama ikhodi neziteketiso). bebodwa elalivame ukusetshenziswa lapho kubhekiselwe izinto ezifanayo jikelele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela babe undabuzekwayo: knight, Derzhimorda, philanderer.

amagama Proper ngomqondo ewumngcingo

Phakathi namabizoqho esithweni enjalo labelwe emabito enenjongo njengoba siqu ngomqondo ewumngcingo, futhi lapha. Eyokuqala kukhona amagama ezinto ezisemkhathini futhi ezindawo namagama bezilwane nabantu. Lokhu - kancane agcwaliswa ububanzi lexically elinganiselwe, ehlanganisa amagama ukuthi wabelwe zendaba. Kungase kube ukuphindaphinda, ukuqondana kwezinto (amagama nemizana, emizaneni, nemifula), kunjalo futhi kuqhathaniswa high imvamisa uhlelo lwamagama efanele lwabantu nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

igama

Ukuze izinto asebentisa emagama ehlukahlukene evamile noma inhlanganisela yamagama. Emabitomvama nencazelo lucebe elahlekile kodwa eshintsha umsebenzi kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo: iphephandaba "Izvestia", lesi sitshalo "Hammer Sickle" imimoya "Lilac". Zingakhiqiza amagama namabizoqho: i ngesitimu "Ukraine" ehhotela "Moscow".

emabitogcogca,

emabitogcogca, bakha osenyameni ehlukile (lucebe futhi phakathi kwezakhi zolimi) phakathi Emabitomvama. Phakathi kwalezi kubalwa ukwenza amazwi okukhulunywe iqoqo izinto eziningana ezifanayo, kanye ukuveza ukubaluleka ngosizo tijobelelo letehlukene: -stv (a) (intsha, abafundi); -iya (kwamadoda asebukhosini, Amaphayona); -kusukela (a) (lophuyile), kanye nabanye. Ukuze Ibizo collective ne Ngomqondo obanzi nakho kungaba amagama kuchasiselwe ukuthi bamele iqoqo lezinto: ifenisha, udoti, gazinga encane, temabhodlela. Collectiveness baveze amazwi lucebe, hhayi elithi-kumiswa. Uphawu lezi emabito - bengenanto ubuningi.

emabito yangempela

Le ndlela bayibiza ngokuthi izinto ezihlukahlukene: izinto (usimende, Gypsum), ukudla (ushukela, ufulawa, okusanhlamvu, amafutha) izinhlobo izindwangu (ukotini, velvet), izinto ezisansimbi, amaminerali (jade, Emerald, steel, ithini, ithusi, insimbi), izidakamizwa , izakhi zamakhemikhali (aspirin pyramidon, i-uranium), izitshalo (kakolweni, amazambane, i-oats), kanye neminye sihlukaniswe mass homogeneous.

emabito Real, ngokungafani lokuqoqa, babe, ngokuvamile netijobelelo abonisa ukubaluleka kwangempela. Lubonakaliswa lexically kuphela.

Yandise esetshenziswa emabito impahla, noma nje sisebunyeni noma ubuningi: ukhilimu, amakha, imvubelo; ithini, ufulawa, itiye, uju. Aweshubhu ibizo, ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa sisebunyeni, ngokuthatha plural form, ke elihlukile elihambisana amafomu lucebe: okusanhlamvu (cereal noma lonke okusanhlamvu izitshalo), kodwa okusanhlamvu (wokudla izinhlobo).

Abstract (abstract) nemabito ukhonkolo

ibhithi ezinjalo abelwe phakathi emabito enenjongo njengoba longeke watibona netintfo longatibona. Ukhonkolo - igama ekhuluma amaqiniso, abantu, izinto, izenzakalo of ngokoqobo, okungase kube kuncike yasebhange futhi etfulwe ngekwehlukana: impi, ukulwa, unjiniyela, ukhalise, ipensela.
Lokhu lucebe futhi lwetakhi telulwimi isigaba ibizo, ngamanye amazwi, limelela izinto olulodwa futhi ubuningi babo.

Ngaphandle amagama abangenalo sebunyeni (pluralia tantum), zonke emabito ethize abe ubuningi elisebunyeni. Ngokusho izici morphological emabito ukhonkolo hhayi kuphela kuqhathaniswa abstract. Futhi melanani yangempela futhi ezingeni lilonke emabito, pluralia tantum; kanye namagugu abo nazo ezahlukene.

Abstract (abstract) - amagama asho abstract imiqondo, izimfanelo, izakhiwo, uthi nezenzo: ukunyakaza, egijima, lobubhalo, ukusondelana, umusa, athunjwa, ezinhle, ukuhleka, ukubonga. Iningi lazo bashukunyiswa tento kanye tiphawulo, emabito kwakhiwa usebenzisa zero-isijobelelo (esikhundleni, ukususwa, ukugula, ukufutheka), isijobelelo -skeleton (wobugwala, kahle s), -stvo (o) (iningi yize, ubuqhawe ukuziqhayisa) , -chin (a) / - Shin (a) (ucezu-umsebenzi) ism (esintwini, okwangempela) -kusukela (a) (hoarseness, umusa acid) nabanye. Ezincane okuyingxenye linamagama ahlukene unmotivated: Okusho ukuthi, ukudabuka, induduzo, usizi, uthando, ukudabuka, ufulawa, ukwesaba, ubunjalo, ingqondo, ndaba.

Ngokuvamile akukho amafomu wobuningi e emabito etintfo longeke watibona.

Animate nemabito ezingaphili

Amabizo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: Animate eziphilayo nezingaphili. Animate - amagama izilwane nabantu: isinambuzane, a Pike, a Starling, ikati, umfundi, uthisha, nendodana yomuntu.

Ezingaphili - amagama yonke eminye imicimbi kanye netintfo: incwadi, itafula, udonga, ifasitela, nemvelo, ekolishi, asemaqeleni, ehlathini, umusa, ukujula, ukushayela, ukuhamba, sigameko.

La mazwi zinendima ethile ehlukile nokubonwa. Amabhithi enenjongo emabito anezici zabo ethize. Animate ngokuvamile izwi-kwetinhlavu kanye morphologically ezahlukene kusukela ezingaphili. Leli yigama sabantu abehlukene, kanye nezilwane zesifazane, okuyinto bavame ukushukunyiswa izwi, ngokuthi isilwane noma umuntu ngaphandle kukhulunywa ubulili noma owesilisa: umfundi-umfundi, uthisha-uthisha, umfundi-zesikole, umzukulu, umzukulu, a Muscovite, Muscovite, ibhubesi -lvitsa cat cat et al.

Ngokuvamile vusa emabito anencazelo morphological njengabesifazane noma wesilisa, futhi bambalwa kuphela - Ngokwesilinganiso, kanye kunqunywa wokufihla basonta uhlanga oluthile zebizo (ngaphandle phakathi ebizwe kungakhathaliseki phansi abahlala izidalwa: igama lomuntu non-omdala (ingane), noma uthayiphe igama kwesidalwa, ubuso, isinambuzane, esincelisayo, isilwane). Okusatshalalisiwe emabito ezingaphili ezintathu lokuzalwa morphological - Ngokwesilinganiso, kwabesifazane nabesilisa.

Paradigms ka ezingaphili futhi iphile kahle emabito

Paradigms ka ezingaphili futhi Animate njalo zingafani plural: Animate selikhona yakha kunjalo umenziwa wesenzo, kuvumelana genitive. Isibonelo: akukho izilwane, akukho abafowethu nodadewethu (RP), ngabona izilwane ngabona abafowethu nodadewethu (VP). emabito ezingaphili lisebuningini kukhona kuvumelana umenziwa wesenzo ne nominative. Isibonelo: phezu kwetafula kukhona apula, ithini lamapheya kanye amapetshisi (Ip); wathenga apula, ithini lamapheya kanye amapetshisi (VP).

Sesihlole libito njengengxenye yokukhuluma, ibhithi amabizo. Sethemba lesi sihloko kuyoba wusizo kuwe. Uma ulwazi akwanele, siyaqiniseka ukubona imisebenzi, eyayibonakala kwabhalwa ngale ndaba Kochanov KU Udlala indzima emabito enenjongo okuxoxwe ngazo izihloko kwezinye imininingwane.