Esithweni izabizwana

Ngokusho ifomu lwetakhi telulwimi kanye engasho lutho zihlukile komunye nomunye zonke izabizwana. Futhi inani labo, ngokulandelana, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ezinkulu: nemithetho yolimi nendlela semantic. Esikhathini yokugcina kukhona subgroups eziningana. Semantic ezingeni tabito, kuye ngokuthi umthwalo semantic Zithwala, yilezi ezilandelayo:

1) izabizwana zoqobo. Nokho bebizwa siqu-sekukhomba, ngoba yigama, yena, bona, futhi lokho bakusekela abanye umuntu.

Uma isabizwana wena isetshenziswa ngenjongo Inhlonipho umuntu, khona-ke lisebenzisa ifomu ojwayelekile isiphawulo.

2) isabizwana ngokwabo ukubuyela. It has a sici lwetakhi telulwimi: Abanawo fomu. icala. It uveza ukuthi into isenzo futhi isihloko - eyodwa kanye nomuntu ofanayo. Ngokwesibonelo: Okokuqala ngethemba yena.

3) tabito sebuniyo. Lezi zihlanganisa: zakho, wethu, yakho, wakho, kwami, namadodakazi abo, wakhe, naye. Basuke ehlanganyela umusho ngamazwi kokuba value othize futhi ngqo ubiza into, futhi kubonisa ukuthi lapho ubuso (lokuqala, lesibili noma lesithathu) fanele ku lento.

4) tabito tekukhomba lokhu, uhlobo, njengoba kukhona, lapho, lapha, ukuthi le etholakala okokuqala, lapha, laphaya, bese lapha. Lezi efanayo isikhundla ifa futhi kumelwe lokhu. Abonisa orientation yokukhuluma yombambiqhaza. Ngokwesibonelo: Yini sawubona, ngakho impendulo.

5) tabito attributive: yena, noma ubani omunye ngaphandle lonke, kakhulu ngamunye. Ziyakwazi heterogeneous e engasho lutho yabo. Ngakho-ke, A. M. Peshkovsky ezihlongozwayo kuwahlukanise ngamaqembu amathathu: secretory (kakhulu, omunye yokuzithiba, nezinye), sesisonke (yonke) kanye obobschitelnye (noma, zonke, kube yilowo nalowo).

6) tabito ihomonimi: lokho, ngubani, yini, kuphi, malini, nini, kungani, ngubani, kabani, kuphi, kanjani, kungani. Ziqukethe umbuzo uphawu, nini, kuncike, isizathu, indawo, futhi inani layo awaziwa kumuntu okhuluma.

7) Ukukhishwa tabito ezimbi. Basuke kwakhiwa ngokwengeza interrogative negative aduduze ni- futhi engeke. Lezi tabito ukhombise ukungabi khona okubonisa, isihloko, izimo. Cishe zonke imisho negative zakhiwa usebenzisa la mazwi.

8) tabito Elihlala. Isikhulumi lisebenzisa igama elithi ukuze iveze ukuthi izimo, izinto noma izici abangalwazi kuye noma labo ethulwa. bona akhiwa ngokungeza affixes ezifana: nonomusa, ngolunye usuku, Koe, non -, - noma (umuntu othile othile, njll).

9) udlala tabito isihlobo. Ukwakheka wabo ezifanayo nge umbuzo. Nokho, imisebenzi lezicagogo ezimbili ezingafani kuhluke. imisho lemagalagala zakhelwe ngosizo tabito isihlobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, azigcina impahla titfo tenkhulumo ukwakha anaforichnye ubudlelwane, futhi ngakolunye - isivele eduze izinyunyana.

10) semantic ezingeni tabito kuhlanganisa ibinzana phraseological "nomunye ', njengoba lisuselwa isabizwana omunye ngokuxhuma buyisiphi iDemo. It has a ukubaluleka "Okusizayo".

Izabizwana heterogeneous ngefomu lwabo lwetakhi telulwimi. Zingase ukukhombisa izimpawu nezinye titfo tenkhulumo. Kususelwa kule ukufana, kukhona ezingeni tabito elandelayo:

1) emabito, tabito. indima yabo udlalwa by siqu futhi sekukhomba. Isiphakamiso bathatha isikhundla neziqinile.

2) abito-tichasiso. Yibo labo bayakwazi ukuthatha isikhundla sokuba definition bavumelana.

3) abito-netinombolo. Yilawa amazwi "kangakanani" futhi "abaningi", kanye zonke etholakala kuzo. Isikhundla emabito lapho babe isabizwana. Isikhundla sento ukukhuluma lwesigodi futhi kanjalo ulahlekelwa isigaba icala.

4) tabito, tandziso - konke tabito ezingeguquleke. Abasenzela isiphakamiso indima izimo. Futhi yayihlanganisa ngamazwi zihlobene tabito, kodwa bheke model of tandziso: Ngicabanga, ngokombono wethu, ucabanga ukuthi ucabangani.