Dolmabahçe Sigodlo ekhatsi Istanbul

Dolmabahçe Sigodlo ekhatsi Istanbul - a eziyinkimbinkimbi emangalisayo ukuthi lihlotshiswe a Bosphorus omangalisayo. Lokhu isibonelo esihle isakhiwo ukubonakala kwakhe lonke ubonisa izivakashi kumele ibukeke ngokumfaka esigodlweni. Konke nasezindaweni ezizungeze isakhiwo nenhle futhi oluhambisana igama. izwi Turkish "Dolmabahçe" lisho ukuthi "egcwele engadini." Empeleni, lesi sigodlo igcwele okunethezeka Oriental nengcebo European.

kuphakama Izivakashi umbuzo wokuqala, lapho Istanbul: indlela leya Dolmabahce Palace? Prakthiza abahambi kuvakashelwe izinkambo waqondisa, imibukiso enza kube lula. Uhlangothi esigodlweni ukuhamba ngesivinini tram T1. I stop lokugcina ngokuthi "Kabatas". Kusukela endleleni yakhe kuholela mosque, iyiphi abakwazi ukubona. Khona-ke ungakwazi kakade ukubona amasango esigodlweni. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuhamba ngesikebhe ngomkhumbi pier "Kabatas".

Kunokunye ongakwenza indlela leya Dolmabahce Palace. Kusukela Taksim Square, ukuhamba funicular, nakho inesitobhi "Kabatas". Okungukuthi, izivakashi kuyacaca ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki indlela ekhethiwe, endpoint - ayeke noma pier "Kabatas".

Umlando lwesigodlo

Bay Area, owasetshenziswa Navy phakathi nokubusa Ahmed waphendukela engadini. Kule ndawo, wakha isigodlo Besiktas. Ngenxa imililo njalo, wayegunde ukubukeka agugile.

Ngemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, endaweni labhujiswa Besiktas 31 WaseTurkey Sultan Abdul-Majid ekhetha ukwakha zesigodlo esikhulu. izinhlelo zakhe kwakuba nezithombe hambisa kahulumeni kusukela Topkapi Palace, owawungumnyaka yokuhlala imperial ngesikhathi eminyakeni engamakhulu amane. UMfoweth 'u-Abdul-Majid Abdulaziz waba ngowesibili ngobukhulu, owayehlala kulesi sigodlo. Sultan Abdul Hamid II wayemshiyile futhi saphelelwa esigodlweni uMbuso WaseTurkey Yildiz. Asebukhosini ayebuyele eziphambekweni Dolmabahce Sigodlo ekhatsi Istanbul phakathi nokubusa Mehmed V (1909-1918 GG.). Kukulo muzi lapho wokugcina WaseTurkey Sultan Mehmed VI wadingiselwa Paris. Lo mcimbi kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ukuqedwa we Sultanate ngo-1921 yi-National Assembly of Turkey. Halif Abdul-Mejit effendi wahlala esigodlweni kuze sompristi awuzange uqedwe ngo-1924. Abanye imidwebo yakhe siqu namanje kuhlobisa izindonga zezindlu omkhulukazi namuhla.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk kwaba umongameli wokuqala we-Republic Turkish. Wathatha izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi Dolmabahce Palace ngesikhathi uhambo lwakhe ukuze Istanbul. Phakathi 1927 no-1949 yasetshenziswa njengoba ihhovisi kamongameli yokuhlala weRiphabhulikhi entsha. Ngo-1952, umsebenzi wokuvuselela laqedwa esigodlweni. Ngemva kwalokho, esigodlweni sultans WaseTurkey - Dolmabahce Palace - emnyuziyamu.

Kusukela ngo-September 2007, iyisonto sokuhlala olusemthethweni kukaNdunankulu. Ensimini ka namuhla kungenzeka ukuthola ngesango yengcebo. ngoLwezibili ntambama ehlobo esigodlweni eyadlalwa ibutho lempi.

izici ezakhiwo

Ngokungafani indlela bangempela WaseTurkey zokuphila esigodlweni Topkapi, kombusi nendlela umndeni wakhe ngokuphila ekhulwini olandelayo kwaba Europe ukuthi sabonakala eyinkimbinkimbi izokwakhiwa. yokuhlala izindleko laliphezulu kakhulu. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1843 ngu-umakhi Karapet Balian, futhi kwaphela ngo-1856 indodana yakhe Balian Nigogosom. Balyan umndeni Armenia babaziwa njengoba nohlanga lwamakhosi of abaklami ngasekupheleni uMbuso WaseTurkey.

isakhiwo isakhiwo wakwazi ukugcina njengoba yayinjalo. Lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisa indawo 110 thous. M ^2. On insimu yalo esetshenziswa okuxubile izitayela lathumela: baraque, Rococo kanye neo-classic, nakho kubonisa bendabuko indlela WaseTurkey zokuphila. Isakhiwo ezintathu storey, kuhlanganise engaphansi, has zokungena ezimbili eziyinhloko namasango lezinhlanu elibheke olwandle.

Photo Dolmabahce Palace presents kancane ephakeme. Idume nomklamo walo ziyalingana kanye lokubhalela. amahholo Esibalulekile futhi isigodlo isakhiwo main babe izingadi yangasese misa, livikelwe izindonga eziphakeme.

zesigodlo

Zesigodlo siqukethe iqembu izakhiwo nasizayo esigodlweni ngodonga kwangaphakathi kanye ezixukwini, okuyinto ubude 700 m. Omunye zalezi zakhiwo is nendawo ingilazi ebhekene emgwaqweni. Ekuqaleni, eyayisetshenziswa sultans ukubona yamathanga ezempi kanye abababusayo. Hall yayisebenza njengenkantolo "iso" isigodlo ukubukela nezwe elingaphandle.

Kukhona igalari encane, eyakhiwa ngekhulu XIX i Sultan izinyoni. Endaweni ehlukile, kukhona isitshalo nursery, emakhishini ezincane, ezindlini kanye studio abakhulu umthenwa amatshe.

Treasury amasango (Hazin Kapi) ne-Imperial Gate (Sultanate Kapi) kuyinto umnyango isakhiwo zokuphatha. Ngasogwini kukhona amasango amahlanu ukuhlangabezana ukufika ngomkhumbi. Izivakashi kwesango lesigodlo esiseduze i ezihlotshisiwe iwashi umbhoshongo.

The elingaphakathi lendlu yenkosi, izivakashi zingathola ukubona isiqondiso. Qedela uhambo esigodlweni kuthatha amahora angaba ngu-2. Nokho, ngesikhathi abahambi awazi wonke umlando we Dolmabahce Palace. Futhi ngeke bakwazi ukubona zonke izinto. On ngoMsombuluko nangoLwesine, iminyango ivaliwe eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amahora Dolmabahçe Palace ngakolunye emalanga eliviki kusuka 9.00 kuya 16,00.

Palace Museum

Lesi sakhiwo umxhwele iso siqukethe 285 amakamelo, amakamelo ezincane 44, amakamelo amakhulu 4, 5 izitebhisi main kanye nezindlu zangasese 68. Le ndawo Imininingwane ezisebenzisekayo lesi sakhiwo ezintathu storey kuyinto 45 eziyinkulungwane. ^M2. Izindonga zangaphandle zakhiwe ukwakhiwa itshe, futhi yangaphakathi - izitini. Ukuze ahlobise kulendlu engavamile futhi ewubuciko kwathatha amathani 14 egolide, amathani 6 isiliva amayunithi 131 ngezandla usilika ukhaphethi. Ifenisha kanye izinto zokuhlobisa zisuka eYurophu ngaphansi kobuholi Ambassador France Ahmed Fethi Undlulisa. Ngokwesibonelo, Sèvres isitsha sezimbali, usilika Lyon, zinhlayiya ka Bakarata nemicengezi ikhandlela kusukela UK, ingilazi kusukela Venice, nase-Chandeliers evela eJalimane.

Esigodlweni kukhona iqoqo olubanzi Czech, isiNgisi ingilazi Venetian ne crystal. Museum ine izihlalo kuka 1,000 futhi emasofeni izitayela ezahlukene zisuka eYurophu. Ngamunye emakamelweni 285 elibiza 4 indle kanye SOFAS. Ezinye izingcezu ifenisha ngokukhethekile ethunywe i-Dolmabahçe. Abanye atholwa njengezipho ezivela China, India nase-Egypt. Lezi amasethi ifenisha embukisweni ikamelo ehlotshisiwe Uphahla lwangaphakathi ngokunethezeka ngesineke kanye phansi lokhuni, mahogany. Ukushisisa esigodlweni ekuqaleni kwenziwe ngosizo tile Ceramic futhi fireplaces. Kamuva (phakathi 1910 kanye 1912), kagesi amasistimu wokushisa isifakiwe.

Administrative ingxenye

The main izivakashi Okuthakazelisayo Dolmabahce Palace Museum, okuyinto inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: the amafulethi State, amahholo zemikhosi futhi Harem. Kulesi sakhiwo okokuqala e isakhiwo esifanayo babe neengcezu owesilisa nowesifazane. Ngokuvamile, ukuvakasha esigodlweni inezingxenye ezimbili. izivakashi Okokuqala ngokuvakashela Selamlik - iphiko lomphakathi, bese - Harem. Ingxenye zokuphatha egumbini esigodlweni "hamba" ohlangothini ogwini. On sesibili kukhona amahholo ezine eziyinhloko, kuxhumeke ezitebhisini omkhulu phakathi nendawo.

Ngemva edabula Imfihlo Garden ehholo elikhulu zemikhosi esitezi sokuqala, izivakashi ayikwazi ukumelana ubukhazikhazi imihlobiso. Omunye walena uwukuba elikhulu zamaBohemia crystal Iqhwa kusukela izibani Baccarat 464. isisindo salo mayelana 4.5 m. Ngaphambi ukufakwa izinhlelo kagesi isibani esigodlweni okugqugquzelwa nge igesi yemvelo. Iqhwa - kuyisipho esivela eNdlovukazini uVictoria. Dome, okuyinto unamathele Iqhwa ngokwayo, has a ukuphakama 36 m. I Dolmabahce Palace iyiqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke izibani crystal emhlabeni.

Ehholo nazo kuwufanele vase eyenziwe Sèvres. Kukhona fireplaces ezine ngobumba, oyedwa ikhona ngalinye. Ngaphezu kwazo hang zinhlayiya abonisa imibala ehlukene njalo ngehora kosuku. Ukuze umhlobiso Upholstery ihholo bakhangwa ochwepheshe French futhi Italian. Ezinye ifenisha ingeniswe ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kwenye ingxenye master kwenziwe kuyo leyo ndawo.

Igumbi umabhalane

Eceleni Nemikhosi ku Dolmabahce Palace yi Bosphorus kungenye ihholo umxhwele - Mabhalane. Ibizwa nangokuthi ekamelweni Secretariat noma yokugezela sobumba.

Kulesi igumbi kukhona isithombe esikhulu esigodlweni, sabhalwa ngo-1873 ngu-Italian Stefano Ussi orientalist. Ibonisa abantu ukuhamba naseMecca kusukela Istanbul. Lesi sithombe eyanikelwa umbusi waseGibhithe Ismail Pasha, Sultan Abdulaziz. Ismail Pasha wahlangana Ussi ekuvulweni Suez Canal ngo-1869 futhi wamnika umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwakhe esigodlweni iyisonto iqoqo imidwebo ngu Aivazovsky. Wabhala nabo Istanbul lapho wayekhona njengoba umdwebi enkantolo. Lapha zigcinwa eyigugu kakhulu zobumba isitsha sezimbali.

Ezitebhisini omkhulukazi maphakathi crystal ngokuthi i-Imperial. It uxhuma esitezi sesibili. Kungenze ezitebhisini e isitayela Baroque futhi lwenzelwe Nigogosom Balian. Ngokunethezeka ehlotshisiwe, futhi abonisa isitayela yendabuko WaseTurkey. umklamo Ukusetshenziswa Its zinhlayiya ka Baccarat. Ngu amakamelo ziyalingana futhi enhle ehlotshisiwe ezizungezile ezitebhisini kuyinto obumangalisayo.

ihholo amanxusa

Amakamelo zikanokusho kunazo lwesigodlo - Hall Syufera. Ibizwa nangokuthi ehhovisi lenxusa. Yena ezihambisana ihholo elibomvu ngaphambili esetshenziselwa imihlangano amazwe nge amanxusa kanye osomaqhinga angaphandle. Lokhu igumbi afanako yakhelwe futhi ahlotshiswa.

Ehholo iyona Iqhwa ngobukhulu Dolmabahce Palace. Museums of emhlabeni alazi izibonelo okunethezeka enjalo. izicabha zalo ubude, izibuko kanye fireplaces zivumelana ngokuphelele Uphahla lwangaphakathi esasile ahlotshiswa. Ehholo Ambassadors, nabancane amakamelo nxazonke yasetshenziswa yokwamukela nokuzijabulisa izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe.

Ayegcwele phansi Hereke, kanye endaweni yayo has 120 m ^2. Igumbi Red sultans esasisetshenziselwa ukwamukela amanxusa. Ikamelo laqanjwa ngokuthi i-umbala evelele amakhethini, nakho kuyinto umbala amandla. imigexo Gold futhi ifenisha zibomvu nge tints ophuzi, kanye etafuleni eliphakathi nendawo kudala nethonya elinamandla kakhulu. kungekho izindonga sekwakhiwe egumbini. Ubethula eyinkimbinkimbi ehlotshiswe ukubukwa wangempela Istanbul. Amakholomu afihliwe ngemuva amakhethini, kuhambisana namafasitela amakhulu esibheke Bosphorus.

isigodlo

I yokuhlala yakhiwa amakamelo okunethezeka ufihla cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ka Dolmabahce Palace - Harem. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa Room Blue. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli Harem L emise phezu kwaleli chibi wahlala nethimba eyimfihlo Sultan, unina (Walid Sultan) nomkhaya oqondile (Harem-i-Hummayn). Amafulethi emgwaqeni kukhona "izintandokazi" nezancinza. Ngokwe kwepulani lokwakha, le ngxenye lwesigodlo senziwa Neo-Baroque isitayela. It lihlotshiswe European futhi bendabuko motifs Turkish. Harem kuwufanele hhayi endaweni ehlukile, futhi ixhunywe Selamlikom ephasishi eside. I Interiors sezakhiwo mancane kakhulu kunalawo kuzinhlobo okunethezeka Selamlika. Ezithakazelisa kakhulu ingxenye Harem - Blue Igumbi (Salon Mavi) noRose Hall (Salon Pemba). Futhi, ukunaka zezivakashi ezikhangwa Sultan Indawo Sultan Abdulaziz, Sultan Mehmeda Reshada futhi Ataturk. Blue Room ubizwa ngokuthi ngenxa umbala ifenisha, amakhethini kanye nezinye. Phakathi zezenzakalo zenkolo sultans wavuma ukufezeka amaholide kulezi izindonga ukuze izakhamuzi Harem nezinye nezinduna zendlunkulu. Rose Hall ibizwa nangokuthi u ngenxa umbala izindonga. Amafasitela alo ezibheke Bosphorus. Ngakho-ke, it is njengelinye lamazwe amahholo engcono esigodlweni. Kuyo unina Sultan (Sultan Walid) wathatha ngokuphindaphindiwe izivakashi. Ataturk futhi wasebenzisa leli igumbi ukuhlola nezingxoxo.

Worth kokubona, ngokuba e Istanbul, esigodlweni ehlobo lika Beylerbeyi. Lokhu yokuhlala eyalwa Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz. Beylerbeyi - okumnandi, ecebile, lokuhlala imperial nge umthombo endlwaneni eyakhiwe main. Ngo isakhiwo kukhona amakamelo sokunethezeka, ehlotshiswe zamaBohemia zekristalu kanye isitsha sezimbali Chinese. Lesi sigodlo ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba isivakashi ndlu ngokuvakashela imikhaya yasebukhosini futhi zinkulu.

Mosque kanye Museum of Clocks

Lakhiwa Sultan mosque imperial esengxenyeni eseningizimu ye-eyinkimbinkimbi Dolmabahçe Sigodlo ekhatsi Istanbul. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi ohlangothini umbono we Bosphorus. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa phakathi 1853 kanye 1855 by umakhi Nigogosom Balian. Umhlobiso isakhiwo kungokwalabo isitayela Baroque. Mosque lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela Museum asolwandle esikhathini kusuka ngo-1948 kuya 1962. Ngemva kokubuyiselwa ngo-1966, kube kwavuleka izivakashi. mosque isakhiwo usebhekene ukubuyiselwa okuphelele ngo-2007.

Uhambo abathandwayo ngeke Dolmabahçe Clock Museum. Itholakala uMgcinimafa Inner esakhiweni esidala ngo isigodlo engadini. Lunikeza lakhetsiwe okukhethekile isandla urkasheny okuqondene National Collection amahora. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ukulungisa olubanzi nokunakekelwa Museum kabusha wavula izivakashi ngo-2010. Namuhla, izindonga zawo umelwe yisibonelo amahora 71. Lo mbukiso ungabona futhi engavamile yebuciko amakhosi yoMbuso WaseTurkey.

Igumbi Ataturk

Umuntu wokugcina ngubani abaphila bafa esikhathini Dolmabahce Palace ngo-1938, kwaba Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Indlu yangasese ka Ataturk, lapho efa, sultans esetshenziswa ebusika njengoba lokulala. Lesi sikhala azikwazanga ukulondolozwa njengoba injalo yasekuqaleni. It lihlotshiswe ifenisha enhle, imidwebo kanye amawashi Ataturk. Ukuba lula kwezincazelo ekamelweni lakhe Kuyinto ephawulekayo ngempela. Wakhetha egumbini abavamile kakhulu, uma iqhathaniswa ezazizinhle kakhulu inxuluma esigodlweni.

Izivakashi ungase uphawule ukuthi wonke amawashi esigodlweni isethelwe esifanayo 9:05. Kwaba ngehora futhi imizuzu emihlanu wafa, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ophinda abe umsunguli we Republic Turkish. Ukuze yini ukunemba kakhudlwana, wafa ngo-November 10, 1938. Leyo nkathi zonke izakhamuzi Turkish ezaziwayo.