Dentition Human. Yini elikumelelayo iziphi izinhlobo amafomula khona

Amazinyo kukhona isici esibalulekile nekusebenta ukuhlafuna futhi inkulumo amalungelo. Bona iqhaza ukuhlafuna ukuphefumula ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa izwi futhi inkulumo kumiswa. Amazinyo ayikwazi ngokwabo kuvuselelwe, namandla abo - it is kuphela i ukubukeka. Dentition nolwazi wakhe neqhaza ukunakekelwa njalo zamazinyo ngekunenta ukugxila amabhodi odokotela bamazinyo.

izindlela namazinyo notation

Amazinyo odokotela ukuxilonga nesineke futhi kube lula amakhadi yayo usebenzise izinombolo ezithile. I-oda isimo yonke amazinyo ngokuvamile eziphawuleka ifomula ekhethekile, okuthiwa "dentition womuntu." Ngo ezihlukahlukene eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma iqembu amazinyo, umsebenzi ofanayo okhonjiswe zesi-Arabhu noma saseRoma ngokuzalwa futhi izincwadi. Kukhona ezinye izinhlelo namazinyo ukuthola. Le ndlela esezingeni Zsigmondy-Palmer, futhi imfundiso ngamazwe Viola futhi Haderupa uhlelo kanye multifunction nezinombolo theory.

System Zsigmondy-Palmer

Ifomula zamazinyo Ngokuyinhloko imfundiso yokuziphendukela digital sikwele-Zsigmondy-Palmer, samukelwa ngo-1876. engavamile yayo wukuthi wonke amazinyo omdala ziphawulwe zesi-Arabhu kusuka 1 kuya 8. Abantwana zibaliwe nge zesi-Roman mina ukuba V

Theory zamadijithi amabili okungasenani Viola

Kulokhu semukelwa-International zamazinyo Federation ngo-1971. Kule ndlela, ephansi futhi ongenhla zihlukaniswe quadrant ezine kuya kwezingu-8 amazinyo. indoda Adult possesses quadrant - 1, 2, 3, 4, kanye nezingane - 5, 6, 7, 8. Kulokhu, inombolo quadrant kuboniswa idijithi yokuqala. A idijithi yesibili inombolo izinyo (1 kuya ku-8). Lokhu womuntu izinyo ifomula uhlelo esiza ukuzulazula isakhiwo emhlathini.

uhlelo ezinjalo ubhekwa elula kunazo ukusebenzisa, kusukela azikho izincwadi imigqa. Futhi kulokhu, isikhundla sikadokotela wamazinyo, ungezwa ukuthi kuyodingeka ukuba baziphathe 34 noma izinyo lika-47, futhi ingane - imizuzu 51 noma imizuzu 83. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu omdala ka 47 no-83 ngesikhathi ingane.

Haderupa uhlelo

Ngo mbono, ukucacisa indawo namazinyo esetshenziswa zesi-Arabhu. Umugqa kuwukwenza uphawu "+", futhi phansi isibonakaliso "-". Ubisi namazinyo akhonjiswa njengezimpawu tinombolo 1 kuya ku 5 ne kwalokho ka-zero, kanye nezimpawu "+" futhi "-" ngokuziqhathanisa molars.

Amatebhe indlela nezinombolo

Lesi simiso obonwa inhlangano American Dental, basiphikise ukuthi iyiphi izinyo ochungechungeni inenombolo ayo abadala kanye incwadi - ezinganeni. Ukubala kufanele iqhutshwe ngakwesobunxele, kusukela izinyo elingenhla kwesokudla, bese kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla emgqeni ongezansi.

dentition Human, isifunda lapho yake athuthukiswe silisebenzise imithi, ufeza indima ebalulekile kulolu cwaningo enemininingwane wokulandelana amazinyo kule engenhla nengezansi emhlathini uhlelo. Ungathola lokujwayela umdwebo, ukuze baqonde indlela ibukeke amazinyo kule sikhundla evulekile emhlathini.

namazinyo ithole sika

namazinyo Irregular fall out futhi esikhundleni izingane empandeni, njengoba umthetho, kakhulu kulabo abaneminyaka yobudala engu-6-7. Kodwa kukhona ngezinye izikhathi ezinye ukungafani kulezi iminyaka, ezihlobene onezimfanelo i umzimba. Dentition bangaba umsizi ekuhloleni lezi zici.

Ukuze ubone namazinyo kuzobuyekezwa kanjani kancane baqonde ngokucacile isakhiwo dentoalveolar futhi ngokucacile yayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi evamile ubisi amazinyo bafa ngemva umntwana nengxenye ngonyaka, base akhiwa nasezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Akuve inqubo ziningi futhi zaba nzima, okuyinto agcwaliswe ngesikhathi senyanga yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Futhi ngokushesha nje lapho umntwana wakhe esezelwe, yena eqala ukuvela ekuqaleni namazinyo unomphela. Futhi kule ndaba kudingeka unakekele impilo namazinyo lezihlahla, njengoba ukutheleleka caries ingane izinyo kungase konakalisa kahle igciwane zabomdabu.

Uyini umehluko

Izinyo ifomula setha namazinyo lezihlahla anezinye umehluko nge njalo. Umuntu omdala - amazinyo 32, ingane - 20 yobisi. Ngokuvamile ukuphuma amazinyo lezihlahla kwenzeka uma kakade usike impande. Ngokuvamile abazali ukhathazeke ngenxa yokuthi angase umphumela ukuqhuma, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuhambisane ubuhlungu izingane zabo. Kodwa ingxenye enkulu yokukhathazeka kwabo ngeze, ngoba le nguqulo empeleni ezikhishiwe. Isimo wukuthi ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa uhlelo yamazinyo ukuba esikhundleni amazinyo, kancane kancane baqala zinyamalale izimpande yobisi. Futhi yingakho amazinyo iqale ukuba babe okuxekethile fall out, futhi esikhundleni zikhule unomphela. Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa senzeka kanye amazinyo ephansi. Amazinyo fall out kancane kancane, futhi lonke esiteji ihlala engu-6 kuya kwezingu-8.

Dentition ezinganeni

Eningiliziwe emitholampilo noma ifomula ubisi amazinyo ingane athi zesi-Roman kuleli fomu:

V IV III II II III IV V

V IV III II II III IV V

Ngakho, kwesigamu emihlathini yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ngamunye has ezimbili Ukuqhamuka imigqa (mina, futhi II), 2 ezinkulu izinyo unomphela (IV V), kanye Canine 1 (III), namazinyo elincane izinyo lomhlathi angekho, wonke emhlathini has 20 namazinyo.