CMR-waybill: ukugcwalisa isampuli. Lading of standard international

Okwamanje, ukunakekelwa kakhulu ikhokhelwa ezokuthutha kwezimpahla phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Kuyinto nesenzakalo zemvelo, futhi umbuzo ukuthi CMR-waybill (ugcwalise iphethini izokwethulwa esihlokweni). Lona umbuzo sizobe ukubhekana bese uzama nokucabangela zonke izinto ezicashile.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ngaphansi CMR ziyabonisa futhi waybill international, okuyinto iyingxenye ebalulekile amasiko isimemezelo. Uma unqume emayelana nokuwela emngceleni nanoma yimuphi lezimpahla, idokhumenti okunjalo kumelwe ube phambi kwakho. Kuyini CMR-waybill (ugcwalise iphethini aboniswe ngezansi), manje sesiyazi ukuthi, kodwa indlela yokugcwalisa nalokho izici it has?

Yiluphi ulwazi kubonakala idokhumenti international?

CMR-waybill kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kuleli cala, uma ezokuthutha yonkana imingcele eYurophu. Iveza ulwazi uhlobo elandelayo:

1. Ulwazi mayelana Umthumeli izimpahla. Igama lakhe noma igama.
2. Idatha mayelana Umamukeli izimpahla. Igama lakhe noma igama.
3. Idatha mayelana wezimpahla, okumelwe kwenziwe umngcele. igama layo ngokugcwele kumele icaciswe.
4. Isisindo umthwalo lapho zokuthutha.

CMR-waybill (ugcwalise iphethini kungabonwa ngenhla), ngaphezu, ingaqukatha ezinye ulwazi:

1. Iqiniso lokuthi akukho isidingo overload.
2. Zonke izinkokhelo saziso, okufanele enze.
3. On the Inani lawo wonke izinkokhelo okumele zikhokhelwe ngesikhathi kwezidingo.
4. Kulaba limenyezelwe inani izimpahla la maphilisi.
5. On the isikhathi, lapho umthumeli idinga ukwenza le mpahla.
6. On the umshwalense wezimpahla.
7. Uhlu wonke amadokhumenti ukuze zidlulele ngqo yenethiwekhi.

Yini okufanele ukuqondiswa ngesikhathi ukugcwalisa izincwadi?

Uma nikwenza umkhuba ukufeza zokuthutha we wezimpahla kudinga ukweqa imingcele yezizwe, i-CMR-waybill (ugcwalise iphethini une), kumele unikeze konke emamakini edingekayo. Ngesikhathi lamukela izimpahla le consignee ngeke ungene kulo. Yilokho-ke kufakazela kutsi budlelwane be izimpahla ababezitholile, ngakho-ke, ukulethwa liyaphela.

Inqubo ngokugcwalisa futhi ifomu ifomu CMR-waybill evunywe Convention, okuyinto wathatha Ministry of Transport kanye nokuxhumana. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we iyithuluzi ukuqaliswa umthetho wangasese ngamazwe, evunyiwe 1956. It elungisa izindlela eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa ukulawulwa ngamazwe wezimpahla zokuthutha nsuku nezivumelwano.

Lokho Isentha iqukethe imithetho okumele igcwaliswe CMR-waybill. Ngokuvumelana ngokugcwele lo mbuthano lapho izimpahla kukhona Russia, Ukraine, eBelarus nakwamanye amazwe we yezwekazi laseYurophu.

izinhlobo okukhona invoice

Isigaba sokuqala imiyalelo, usungula ilungelo ukugcwalisa umthethosivivinywa, uthi ekuphathweni izimpahla kanye nokubhaliswa amaphepha afanele esimweni yizimpahla ngamazwe kufanele esetshenziswa zaleyo mithetho, okuyinto zavunyelwa ngesinqumo somthetho noma labo kwamaphutha umthetho ezweni umthumeli. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo singaphetha ngokuthi kukhona nhlobo umehluko yini ifomu CMR-waybill kufanele kukhethwe, - elicacisiwe isinqumo noma ezweni umthumeli.

Ubani ngezinto engazithenga?

Le ndima yesibili ka imiyalelo ke kufanele kube ukuthi CMR maphilisi inothi angathengwa nge keli, yizimpahla forwarders, abathwali. wenzuzo yayo kulawulwa inkontileka zokuhamba.

Inombolo iqoqo amashidi waybill International

I indzima imiyalelo elawula idokhumende lokubhalisa yesibili iqukethe ukwaziswa ifomu invoyisi kungaba kuqukathe Amakhasi eziningana, bavame kungekho izicucu kuka 10. amashidi okunjalo kungahlanganisa amagrafu, ezingalotshwanga egcwele. Basuke zisephepheni ne izakhiwo self-ukufanisana futhi ube nemingcele edingekayo, njengama-akhawunti kanye nenombolo chungechunge. Umthumeli kumele babhale i-invoyisi yalolu hlobo Amakhasi okungenani ezine. Sinenkosi igama abo, okuyinto inikezwe ngendlela kwendawo. Amagama amane amashidi lokuqala okulandelayo:

1. I-invoyisi, okuyinto adluliselwa umthumeli.
2. Kuvele Ngokwesibonelo ezidluliselwa kumamukeli.
3. Lo mbiko, okuyinto igcinwe yenethiwekhi.
4. Kopisha i-izibalo.

Lokhu kuyadingeka imithetho elawula ngemgwaco ngamazwe.

Ulwazi kumele lifakwe nsuku saziso

amashidi esisele yakhiwa CMR-waybill ngegama lakhe siqu akudingeki. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, okokuqala kumele kube Umthumeli izimpahla. Leli phephandaba kuqinisekisa inani lezincwadi abese ukuthi iqembu Lenze ukuba wonke izibalo ezidingekayo.

Ikhasi wesibili nowesithathu kumele iqukathe ukuphrinta ubufakazi nekusayina umthumeli. Zombili lezi amashidi kumele iqukathe ukuphrinta, futhi wasayinwa amaqembu, ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla.

Umamukeli kufanele ahlale ekhasini lesibili. Inkampani yenethiwekhi umshayeli sihamba yona umuntu uzothola izimpahla. Leli khasi kuqinisekisa kwaqedwa ukulethwa futhi lamukela izimpahla.

Amakhasi yesithathu neyesine kufanele ekugcineni ihlale inkampani eyenziwa ngemgwaco ngamazwe. Bobabili Amakhasi kufanele abe isignesha futhi uphawu zombili izinhlangothi - umthumeli kanye umamukeli. Ikhasi lesine luyisisekelo izibalo okwalandela edingekayo. Inkampani yenethiwekhi osebenza ke ku-akhawunti ovamile for ukusebenza ukuthutha kumamukeli, bese ithumela yona umuntu ngaphambilini ukuthutha. Kuyinto lokukhokha komunye oyedwa ikhasimende zokuthutha.

Ikhasi wesithathu idokhumenti kumele exhunywe izikhala uhambo, nokuthi kuyoba isisekelo ukucabangela wonke kumasevisi zokuthutha basala. Leli khasi izosetshenziselwa ekubaleni inkokhelo, okumele bathole isithwali amasevisi abo. Phela, inani izimo amashidi enjalo angase afinyelele anamakhulu mabini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esiphathiswa is sindise semali izimpahla ezindaweni ezahlukene umamukeli.

Yini okusadingeka lading of standard international?

Ukugcwalisa amashidi asele

I amashidi ezisele kumele uphawu futhi usayinwe ngamaqembu amabili - esiphathiswa kanye umthumeli. Yakhelwe idatha amashidi amasiko iziphathimandla. Inombolo yabo ngqo kusengaphambili izimo phezu lapho zokuthutha ukhonkolo. Uma izimpahla kumele uthunyelwe abamukeli amaningi, ngayinye ukuba ugcwalise enye ikhophi invoyisi. It kuvela ukuthi ubuncane kumele kube 4 amashidi egcwele. I amashidi esele zigcwele ezifunekayo, futhi isibalo sawo kufanele ifaniswe ngesikhathi ingxoxo izimo ezokuthutha esiteji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma iyiphi inombolo ye amashidi eyengeziwe kungase kuhlinzekwe. Ungakwazi oda invoice amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, uma kucatshangwa ukubeletha sasivumela njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi oda phezulu CMR-200. Kusho ukuthini lokho? Kulula kabi - umuntu ngaphambilini phezulu, uzothola omunye iphakethe, ababebalelwa amafomu anamakhulu mabini.

Ifomu i bill wezizwe lading lapha ngenzansi.

Ulwazi mayelana umemukeli bese umthumeli

Eyesikhombisa imiyalelo iphuzu elawula ukugcwaliswa, imemezela ukuthi into athwalisane ulwazi mayelana Umthumeli nomamukeli izimpahla, njenge: igama eliphelele, ikheli kanye nezinombolo zocingo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi igrafu "Ifoni" ziyisibopho akuyona. Idatha yenziwa kuphela ukutholakala.

Lokho unamathele ngamazwe CMR maphilisi inothi?

Isidingo ucacise imibhalo eyengeziwe

Igrafu lesihlanu kufanele ibe idatha imibhalo lokuhambisana maphilisi. I consignor ubophekile ukuba ucacise futhi unamathisele amadokhumenti alandelayo:

1. Uma wenze ukuthuthwa izilwane (kungakhathaliseki zasendle noma yasekhaya, bona), noma izimpahla enomsuka isilwane, kubalulekile ukuba isitifiketi wezilwane. ithuluzi okunjalo iyadingeka, futhi uma ezokuthutha Kwenziwa ama-feed izilwane imikhiqizo wezilwane kanye nezinye izimpahla ukuba kokuqondisa wezilwane.
2. Uma ukuthuthwa okubalulekile ngokuhlukaniswa, lo international CMR maphilisi ke kumele sihambisane isitifiketi ngokuhlukaniswa.
3. Isitifiketi phytosanitary kufanele bufakwe kwenzeka zithutha imithwalo abafanele Lokudabuka isitshalo.
4. Ukuthumela esifakiwe.
5. Isitifiketi Sivumo imikhiqizo ezimbonini kanye nokudla.
6. isitifiketi lendabuko.
7. Izimvume ezifanele, uma ikhona, ayadingeka.
8. download Mthetho.
9. Invoyisizi.
   

Ubani owabangela engafanele bodokotela?

CMR-waybill igcwalisa ngokuphelele shipper. It is ayokubeka phezu kwayo nesibopho sokubhekela konke umonakalo kanye nezindleko ezingase ziphakame kusukela yenethiwekhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi iphepha ugcwele ngokungalungile noma cha ngokugcwele.

Ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi

Uma yenethiwekhi lucwaningo ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ukuthi abe ekilasini elithile ingozi, umthumeli kumelwe ugcwalise CMR-waybill (eyesithupha earl). Ukwahlukanisa kwezimpahla eziyingozi kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano YaseYurophu yizimpahla ezinjalo. Uma le mpahla kuyinto esinye isigaba, lesithupha idatha igrafu ku isigaba salo ngokuhambisana nalo ngezigaba zingenziwa.

Iziphi izinto uyazikhethela?

Ngokuhambisana imfundo amabili nesishiyagalombili elawula ngokugcwalisa CMR-waybill, amagrafu kanye nezinombolo 19 futhi 27-29 okufanele zaneliswe umthumeli futhi aqukethe ulwazi mayelana lamanje. Lokhu kulinganisela kungaba yisiphi isiqephu-noma lesi sivumelwano. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kufanele ucacise izindleko zokuthutha. Njengoba yenethiwekhi uzimisele iholwa izinkomba ezifana tariff ibanga izintengo amasevisi angeziwe.

Esimeni lapho ezokuthutha kuyinto izivumelwano ngokwemvelo, zonke amagrafu ukuthi siye sabonisa ngenhla, akudingi ukugcwaliswa.

Asho umshwalense ezokuthutha

Waybill CMR kusikisela ukuthi izimpahla uzobe oVikelwe.

Umshuwalense - iyingxenye ebalulekile imisebenzi izinkampani wahlanganyela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Kuyini CMR-umshwalense? Uma umthengi efuna umshwalense kwadingeka Ukusabalala mkhulu, kufanele baxoxisane ke ngqo shipper. Kodwa futhi athathe izinyathelo ukuklama umshwalense ezengeziwe.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi wonke amaphepha agcwaliswa aphume kahle, lolu hlobo izimpahla Ukuvikelwa uzisibekele okubhekene zomthetho ezingase zenzeke ngenxa umonakalo noma ukucekelwa phansi zithutha. Umshwalense kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya izingozi ezilandelayo:

1. Umonakalo ka-izimpahla noma ukubhujiswa kwabo okuphelele.
2. Ukulimala izimpahla ezenzeka phakathi ezokuthutha ngenxa yezenzo besithathu.
3. Ukukhokhwa zonke izinkokhelo kunokwenzeka Customs nemvelo, ezihlukahlukene izinhlawulo kanye inhlawulo ukwephula ukuthi zihlobene ngokuqondile ukuqaliswa ukusebenza namanye amazwe.

Ngo inqubo ukulungiselela into yokuhamba ngoba CMR-waybill nesibopho ukuphepha ingqikithi izimpahla kuyakuba inkampani lokuthumela. Lezi zimpahla kumele uthunyelwe nabo endaweni obucacisiwe athula njengoba yayinjalo. Uma kukhona isimo esibi noma izimo ezingalindelekile, ngenxa lapho izimpahla Namanje abathintekayo, umonakalo Imininingwane elala esiphathiswa.

isiphetho

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi iziphathi oncamela kudlule inqubo yomshuwalense isibopho sezomthetho yenethiwekhi. Ingabe i umshwalense CMR 100 umshwalense ogcwele? Futhi yini lolu hlobo Ukuvikelwa? Kulula kabi. Uma yenethiwekhi yakho iye yakhetha CMR-umshwalense, ke uyabavikela izimpahla kulo uyisa. Futhi uma ekhetha lolu hlobo umshwalense, njengoba CMR 100, kusho i-isinxephezelo amaphesenti ayikhulu. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana yenethiwekhi inelungelo isinxephezelo egcwele ukulimala wezimpahla, uma lokhu kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iphutha yenethiwekhi.

Sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe ngamazwe waybill CMR. Sithemba ulwazi kwaba wusizo kuwe.