Carnot Cycle - amadivayisi theory elisekela nakuzo zonke omlilo izinjini yangaphakathi

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinqubo eyindilinga thermodynamic kwesicelo ethile theory kanye nama-practical wesiyingi Carnot. ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi sahlulwa, omkhulu, ephelele, nokunye. d. Kuningi ebonakala yinto ongaqondakali futhi engaqondakali. Nokho, uma kuyiqiniso ukubeka zonke nangezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuye, khona-ke ngokushesha ukuvula zonke lula, ubuhle kanye ubuhlakani lokhu okusungulile, esatholakala ngo-usosayensi French kanye unjiniyela Sadi Carnot. Futhi kuba sobala ukuthi akukho ngobubona inqubo ezihlongozwayo yibo, kodwa kukhona kuphela isebenze kahle kwemithetho othile wemvelo.

Ngakho kuyini ngempela Carnot umjikelezo owaziwa futhi ongaqondakali? It singachazwa ngokuthi inqubo athi static esekelwe nokwehlisa uhlelo thermodynamic ukuxhumana ezishisayo nge pair of amath- amathangi kokuba njalo oqine lokushisa namagugu. Kusolwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokuqala (Ukushisa) ephakeme kunaleyo wesibili (esiqandisini). Carnot umjikelezo uhlelo thermodynamic ukuthi kuqala, ekuqaleni kokuba inani elithile ezishisayo, iza mbeni heater. Khona-ke, i ngokungenamkhawulo kancane ingcindezi ukunciphisa therein ngokuthi isandiso quasistatic, kulandele zokweboleka kusukela heater nokushisa ukumelana ingcindezi yangaphandle.

Ngemva kwalokho, uhlelo isehlane, okuyinto futhi sibangelwa yini quasistatic ngu ukunwetshwa adiabatic kuze lokushisa yayo ifinyelela esiqandisini imingcele efanayo. Kulesi hlobo ukunwetshwa thermodynamic uhlelo futhi wenza msebenzi ukumelana ezithile ingcindezi yangaphandle. Kuleli zinga, uhlelo kanye Uthintanise ne epholisayo wherein ngu ngokuqhubekayo senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya ke onomfutho nganxanye, ukuze ke ngokugcwele ithumela egcina ukushisa yesibili, lathathwa heater. Carnot Cycle eyingqayizivele ukuthi akukhona sihambisane nanoma yimiphi ukulahlekelwa ukushisa. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka isikimu ezinjalo ngokuthi esiphakade ezinyakazayo umshini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kahle ezishisayo lomjikelezo Carnot, okuyinto kuncike kuphela umbhangqwana lokushisa ithangi uyohlale kungenzeka eliphakeme. Nokho, kuze kube manje akekho oye wakwazi ukudala umshini, ezishisayo kahle lapho kuzodlula umkhawulo amaphesenti amathathu we kuvunyelwe inqubo cyclical Sadi Carnot.

Futhi le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi enhle ngoba wona uncono kakhulu kunamanye imijikelezo uyakwazi zokuguqula ukushisa ku umsebenzi ewusizo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yobunzima ekuhleleni futhi siqhuba izinqubo isothermal, uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza kunzima kakhulu e izinjini yangempela. Ukuze esiphezulu ukudluliswa ukushisa nekusebenta umshini ezinjalo kumelwe bangabi bodwa ngokuphelele imvelo bangaphandle, okuyinto empeleni cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Reverse Carnot umjikelezo oluyisisekelo isinyathelo isimiso impompi yokushisa, okuyinto, ngokungafani umshini esiqandisini kumelwe nganoma yisiphi into namandla ashisayo inganikelwa ngaphezulu, ezifana ohlelweni bafudumale. Ezinye ukushisa ethathwa imvelo yangaphandle, kokuba lokushisa ephansi, i-ingxenyenamba esisele kagesi odingwa Kukhululwa ukusebenza lomsebenzi mechanical, ezifana compressor.