Bone densitometry kwamathambo - elinye ithuba ukuthola kusengaphambili mayelana isifo

Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo - zokugula, lapho amathambo ulahlekelwe calcium, kanjalo waba buthakathaka. Uma kukhona okungenani isici kuhlasimulise bangase deform noma aphule. Ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi lesi sifo kwenzeka kubantu ngemizimba yazo e isamba singenele calcium. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo eba ngisho ne ngokweqile izakhi mkhondo ukudla. Isizathu sokuba anda ithambo fragility kuyinto ukumuncwa enganele-calcium amathambo noma "Washout".

Etiology kwamathambo

I kwabantu ka bone incike lemali hormone ocansini. In amadoda, testosterone ngaphezu kwabesifazane, ngakho amathambo abo makhula kakhulu futhi enamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo ngokuvamile kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini ngesikhathi abesifazane, ikakhulukazi ukuya esikhathini, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi izinga lama-hormone kuyehla kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kufanele kuphawulwe hypodynamia kwamathambo, ukuntuleka vitamin D, ephuza iwayini, ukubhema, khona izifo (isifo sikashukela, izilonda yegilo, isifo sesibindi esingelapheki nezinso).

Indlela yokubona kwamathambo?

Uma umuntu uthi ukukhathala kwamathambo ubuhlungu, izinguquko ukuma kanye Gait, nezinwele kanye Ukuwohloka amazinyo, kanye waphuka njalo, kutuswa ukwenza densitometry. Lena test esheshayo ngokuphelele kobuhlungu evumela ukuchaza ulinganise awohloke nokuqukethwe amaminerali ukusungula kanye nokulinganisa ingozi waphuka. Lena sizwele Ukuhlolwa indlela ekuhlonzweni kwamathambo.

Ingqikithi densitometry is candling ithambo engabonakali -X-ray. Kulokhu, sebenzisa umthamo eliphansi ionizing emisebeni zilethwe ngendlela ezimbili notshwala amandla, okuvumela ukuba kuhlolwe okusheshayo futhi kunembile.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi bone densitometry elinesimo umthamo ngemisebe, okuyinto kuyehla kube sezingeni eliphansi (wokuthi imfushane kunalokho 1/10 umthamo ukuthi iziguli etholwe ngesikhathi ejwayelekile esifubeni esimweni).

Sinini densitometry

Izinkomba salokhu inhlolovo kukhona uthi elandelayo:

• ukuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ephuzile ukunqamuka, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-abesifazane elandelayo ukumisa zokwehlukaniswa;
• khona ukwehluleka kwezinso;
• isifo sesibindi esingelapheki kubantu;
• ukwelashwa eside nge glucocorticoids;
• izakhi malabsorption syndrome, okuholela calcium ukuntula;
• ithambo densitometry nayo iqhutshwe khona-rheumatoid arthritis, hyperparathyroidism futhi hyperadrenocorticism kanye hypothyroidism kanye nesifo sikashukela.

Uma kukhona waphuka nokuhlukumezeka ezincane, kubuye kube inkomba inhlolovo. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuhlukumeza ubuqotho thambo kwamathambo kunciphisa isilinganiso sobude bokuphila iziguli baningi ngisho nangaphezu kwezinwele umdlavuza, ngakho ukuthola ngesikhathi esifanele lesi sifo kubaluleke kakhulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izimo umbukiso ngofuzo izinhlobo lokhu egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Bone densitometry: Key

Zikhona izindlela ezehlukene uzingela kwamathambo, kodwa ukusetshenziswa lawo lilinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngakho, ukulungiswa ezihlukahlukene MRI iyabiza, ambalwa computed tomography inika okusezingeni eliphezulu umthamo lemisebe ekutadisheni indices olufanele kwamakhemikhali ithambo umzimba libhekene okukhulu e idatha zokulawula, kanti isiguli uzizwa ubuhlungu lapho amathambo biopsy. Lapho yikona kwamathambo, densitometry iyona ndlela ethandwa kakhulu.

Kusetshenziswe amasu ezintathu eziyinhloko eziye athuthukiswe ngqo le ukuthola lesi sifo:

• -X-ray absorptiometry;
• Ultrasound densitometry;
• neuropathy computed tomography (has ethile abalulekile - ayivumeli ukuhlola isimo amathambo Axial skeleton).

Ukuze sikhethe kahle ucwaningo indlela futhi ukuhlolwa efanele Imiphumela acabangele izici ukubonakaliswa emtholampilo. Futhi kubhekelwe nenqubo efanele yokuhlola.

Izimiso nokuhlola densitometry Imiphumela

Ukuchaza zedathamininikwane etholwe emva elithi "osteopenia" noma usebenzise "ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo." Akufanele kubhekwe njengendlela ukuxilongwa emitholampilo, kodwa kuphela njengoba uphawu ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhamba noma yikuphi lesion lwamathambo nge nokuncipha kwabantu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi bone densitometry akuyona eyenziwa ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe futhi ukukhomba iziguli engozini of ukwa.

Nale imishini isofthiwe (densitometer) liqhathanisa imiphumela eyatholakala futhi database akhethiwe, futhi lo mehluko wezibalo. Ingabe kunqunywa inani ngeziphambeko ejwayelekile ukuthi iqanjwe T-test (esetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa nabantu abasha bobulili obufanayo njengoba isiguli) noma-Z (ukuqhathanisa, kuthatha iqembu labantu ubudala ezifanele, ubulili kanye nesisindo).

Uma T-test akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-2,5-SD, lokhu kulingana osteopenia, uma imiphumela ngezansi lesi sibalo, omunye ukhuluma kwamathambo. Lamagugu ezibhekwa "embundwini." Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ukuba incazelo efanele densitometry imiphumela.

-X-ray densitometry

Ngokomthetho, ngosizo-X-ray ngemisebe angahlola iningi amathambo. Ngokuvamile labetibambile emgogodleni densitometry (emgogodleni lumbosacral) kanye hip, lapho amaningi asathuthuka waphuka ukuze kwamathambo. Futhi ukunquma kwabantu ithambo izicubu ethangeni futhi ibhodi lemisindo densitometry noma ukuchitha wonke umzimba. Lokhu kuvumela luhlolo ukucacisa okuqukethwe amaminerali ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zomzimba noma wonke umzimba.

Esikhathini esidlule yokuhlaziya amathambo eqinile futhi amaminerali okuqukethwe zezakhi esetshenziswa absorptiometry IKhompyuthaYami indlela, isimiso esakhiwa ekudaluleni nezinhlayiya-gamma ahlola degree of ukumuncwa kwabo. Esimeni ebalulekile inhlolovo esinjalo abalulekile emisebeni ukuchayeka. Ngemva kwalokho, baqala ukusebenzisa ezimbili ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya x-ray absorptiometry, owawungumnyaka iyashesha ukuzwela futhi ayiyona ingozi iziguli. Kuze kube manje, kungasiza ukukhomba% 2-3 kuphela zokuphela kwamathambo, ngakho lolu hlolo ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlolwa abesifazane ukuya esikhathini ngoba kusenesikhathi kwamathambo.

ultrasound densitometry

Lolu hlobo ucwaningo olwenziwa ukuhlola enamandla. Lokhu ucabangela kwabantu, microstructure futhi kuyaqina, kanye ukushuba we ungqimba cortical. Inzuzo ebalulekile inhlolovo ezifana - ukungabi njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye. Uma ucabangela ukuphepha le nqubo, kungaba liphindwe ngaphandle kwemingcele.

Kufanele wawuthi densitometry enjalo kusekelwe ikhono amagagasi ultrasonic asakaze kanye ebusweni ithambo, noma ehlakazekile izicubu namathambo. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukunquma kuyaqina, ukuminyana nokuqina ithambo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ultrasonic ithambo densitometry lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola lwamathambo neuropathy. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela bahlola isithende futhi tibia, patella, noma phalanges. Iningi amathuluzi lunquma isivinini esiphelweni ultrasonic noma attenuation, okhombisa hhayi kuphela ukungaqini kwamathambo, kodwa futhi ku ukutholakala micro noma trabecular.

isiphetho

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo iphathwa (ngesimo uphawu noma isifo), densitometry ivumela ukunquma ingozi ukwa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kukhethwa indawo inhlolovo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba nokuminyanisa ithambo aligugu amanengi noma kungenzeka ingabi amathambo awo wonke umzimba okufanayo.

Ukuze sikhethe kahle, udinga ukwazi amaphethini ezilandelayo:

• izidakamizwa trabecular uthinteka syndrome menopausal noma hypogonadal ukungalingani steroid;
• umonakalo ekhethekile ethanjeni cortical is ebonwe senile, hyperthyroid, ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo sikashukela;
• uma isiguli ebuntwaneni noma usakhula eba nesifo okuyinto kuphazamisa ukukhula amathambo, namathambo uxilongwe ukukhubazeka letindzala. Basuke ephelezelwa ukulimala kokubili izingqimba ithambo.

You azi ukuthi kukhona Umkhuba "lisakazeka" ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo we skeleton Axial ezindaweni zayo neuropathy, ngakho kufanele siqale sihlole amathambo ngoba ekuhlonzweni. Mahhala densitometry, ngeshwa ezingavamile, kusukela inhlolovo ngokuvamile olwenziwa emitholampilo yangasese futhi kudinga imishini ezifanele.